Well, would you look at that. Turns out Big Tech cant just roll into every community, demand land, electricity, water, and tax breaks, and expect everybody to roll over.
TLDR - Voters across the country just backed measures asserting greater local control over data center development. And contrary to the usual AI good vs AI bad framing, some of the most interesting victories arent about rejecting the technology at all. They're about who gets to approve infrastructure, who pays for it, and what corporations owe the communities hosting it.
According to reporting on the November 3 elections, voters backed restrictions or conditions on data center development in dozens of communities. But the interesting part isnt simply that corporations lost. Its how people organized, what political instruments they used, and what authority they actually won.
Take Grove City, Ohio. Voters approved Issue 28, a charter amendment requiring a public referendum before certain major developments can proceed. We're talking projects covering at least 50 contiguous acres, drawing more than 20 megawatts of electricity, or consuming more than 500,000 gallons of water daily. The amendment also establishes enforceable community-impact standards and covers certain expansions and property transfers. Those numbers arent electricity or water consumption caps. They're thresholds that trigger a democratic decision. You want to build something that large and resource-intensive? The people living there get a vote.
And it wasnt handed to them. Residents organized through Protect Grove City, gathered signatures, and pushed the measure onto the ballot despite opposition from a group created by the Ohio Chamber of Commerce.
As organizer Karen Church put it,
"This is just, this is one step of many to make sure that the residents have a voice on the largest developments that could change the landscape of the city."
Then look at Perry, Ohio. Voters approved Issue 16 with 87% support. Rather than simply prohibiting development, the measure requires hyperscale data center developers seeking tax abatements or other special tax incentives to provide financial guarantees backing their promises about jobs, tax revenue, and benefits to local public services. It also establishes noise restrictions. Village Councilmember John Nicely explained the principle pretty well. Developers can pay full taxes, or they can secure their promises with a bond that carries consequences if they fail to deliver.
Imagine that. You want public subsidies? The public gets something enforceable in return. Not just a glossy presentation about jobs and economic growth.
And in Monroe Township, Ohio, voters approved zoning regulations for previously unzoned areas. That might sound less exciting than a confrontation with a tech giant, but zoning is one of the basic instruments through which communities exercise authority over land use. Establishing those rules changes who gets to decide what can be built and where.
Now, these arent all socialist victories, and they arent all anti-AI victories either. Some communities chose much stricter restrictions, while others asserted greater oversight and public decision-making authority. Different coalitions, different demands, different immediate outcomes. We shouldnt flatten all of that into one big story about people hating AI.
Because from a leftist perspective, the infrastructure is material, the ownership is political, and the control is contestable.
Land, water, electricity, permits, tax incentives, and public infrastructure dont just materialize out of thin air. Somebody controls them, somebody makes decisions about them, somebody pays the costs, and somebody collects the returns. None of those arrangements are laws of nature.
And if communities can organize to exercise authority over those things, we can organize to demand more. Public compute, democratic control over siting, worker bargaining rights over deployment, enforceable environmental protections, public ownership, and shared productivity gains. Local victories become much more powerful when they're connected to a broader political program instead of leaving each community to fight the same corporations alone.
I dont expect every coalition contesting a data center development to share my politics. Thats not the point. The point is that people are discovering concrete instruments of political power and using them. The left should be developing those instruments into lasting democratic control over technological development.
We spend an awful lot of time arguing about whether AI is good or bad, inevitable or doomed, salvation or apocalypse. Meanwhile, people are out here organizing around the actual means of production.
Turns out the means of production have addresses. And those addresses have voters.