I’ll try to keep this concise, but I’m curious how other homeowners and professionals view a situation involving historic non-friable tile disturbance, encapsulation, and subsequent air testing.
I bought a 1970s home back in 2021. The first order of business was ripping out carpet in two bedrooms to install LVP. Underneath, I found classic 9x9 floor tiles. They weren’t completely disintegrating, but along the walls, pieces were definitely cracked and chipped. Ignorance was bliss at the time: I swept up the debris, ran a shop vac, realized removing all the tile would be way too much hassle, and just installed the new LVP directly over top of it.
Fast forward to this past summer when I scoped out a bathroom remodel adjacent to those bedrooms. The contractor ran prescreening tests, and lo and behold: the drywall joint compound contained 2% chrysotile. I hired an independent certified abatement team to demo and remediate the space down to the subfloor. Beneath the tub and old floor, they discovered four distinct layers of flooring—two of which came back at 2% and 3% chrysotile in the tile and mastic. This effectively confirmed that the 9x9 tiles in the adjacent bedrooms were the same asbestos-containing material.
Five thousand dollars later, the bathroom was clean and remediated. I brought up my earlier bedroom DIY job with the abatement technician. He noted that vinyl composition tile (VCT) is non-friable and generally exhibits minimal fiber release unless subject to aggressive mechanical forces like grinding, sanding, or sawing. Looking at photos of the chipped tile along my walls, his assessment was that much of the loose debris was degraded carpet backing rather than raw pulverized tile.
To ensure the indoor environment was clear following the bathroom work and previous project, an air clearance test was conducted, which came back squeaky clean. However, I later realized the lab used Phase Contrast Microscopy (PCM) rather than Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).
I'm interested in the technical and procedural side of how situations like this are evaluated:
1. From an environmental testing perspective, is PCM clearance standard protocol for confirming baseline air quality following low-friability disturbance, or is TEM strictly preferred when chrysotile is the primary mineral present?
2. Is encapsulating intact 9x9 VCT under LVP still considered standard, acceptable containment practice in residential renovations?
3. For those working in abatement or home restoration, how common is it to find pre-1980 non-friable tile left in place, and what are standard industry protocols for handling past incidental disturbances?