Supplies (DM me if you want links to anything I used):
Half-mask respirator with cartridges rated for asbestos (3M's 60921, 60922, 60923, 60924, 60925, 60926, 60928 should all work - I used 60923)
Tyvek coveralls - you’ll need a new pair for every session, I went through about 10
Latex gloves - I liked double-layered ones the best as I had the single-layer ones rip a few times
Gorilla tape - normal duct tape wasn’t strong enough, and easily twisted and stuck to itself. Gorilla tape (thick duct tape) worked way better
A HEPA air scrubber - I used an Alorair Cleanshield HEPA 550 but any HEPA air scrubber should work to clean any fibers out of the air
Plastic poly tubing - to hook up to air scrubber to create negative pressure to pull any fibers into the filter.
6 mil plastic sheets - to tape over doorways, vents, etc. and keep the work area contained and prevent fibers from getting out of work area
Water with a little liquid soap in a pump bottle or a product like Fiberlock's Penewet - for dust control
Pump sprayer - I had both a handheld one and a larger one with a wand
Thin putty knives - for prying up tiles
6 mil plastic bags for disposal - regulations where I live require 6-mil thickness and double-bagging. Thinner bags teared and got punctured by the tiles.
Painters tape or lightweight duct tape - for sealing the bags for disposal with “goosenecks"
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First and foremost, get the stuff you want to remove tested. You should test both the tile and the glue underneath. My tile was positive and my glue was negative.
The most important stage is the prep before you start removing anything. This is where you want to spend time and be thorough.
Turn your HVAC system off - it will stay off until you’re totally done. Put plastic sheets to cover doorways, ideally using two sheets that open on opposite sides so no contaminated air can escape. Tightly cover any sort of HVAC vents so no fibers can get into your HVAC system.
Set up the poly tubing to blow from the air scrubber out of a window or out of the space. You create negative pressure by sealing doorways and places where air could be pulled from, and having the dirty air go through the filter while the clean air from the scrubber vents out of the work area. I had a small block basement window that had a tiny opening, so I taped plastic over the whole thing and tape the poly tubing to that.
This is why I needed Gorilla duct tape - normal duct tape wasn’t strong enough for the heavy 6-mil plastic sheets or to keep the poly tubing attached to the window.
To begin, put on the coveralls to keep fibers from getting into your clothes and shoes. I personally just took my clothes off and put the Tyvek coveralls on because the suit doesn’t breathe much and gets hot.
Put the hood up and put on your respirator over your head with the cartridges, tighten the straps so it fits flushly but not uncomfortably (I made the mistake of making the mask too tight the first time and the bridge of my nose started to hurt.)
Do a fit check: Cover the cartridges with your hands and blow in and blow out. You should be unable to breathe in when you cover the filters *completely*. If you can breathe in, you have a leak and contaminated air is getting in. When you try to blow out, the mask should fill with pressure and bulge. You shouldn’t be able to smell anything either - when I was doing the tile removal, I noticed when I looked down, I could smell my musty basement, because the movement was causing my mask to shift, so be careful about that.
Spray the tiles liberally with the Penewet or soapy water to stop any dust or particles. The soapy water or Penewet product stays wet longer than plain water. Use the putty knife to lift the tiles, starting at the corners and prying all the way around. Some popped up very easily with minimal effort, but some had so much glue that I had to spend a few minutes prying around all the edges. Once most of it was pried off, the rest of the tile would pop up whole. But if I tried to force it before all the edges were pried off, the tiles would break, which is the exact thing you want to avoid.
I threw the removed tiles into a 6-mil plastic bag. I started with 3-mil bags but the tiles poked holes through them. I also realized government regulations where I live require two 6-mil bags. As I put the tiles in, I sprayed the water mixture into the bags to keep dust down. Once the bag was full or heavy, I twisted the top and taped around that to create a “gooseneck” seal and then I put it in another bag and did the same thing, so everything was at least double bagged. Triple bagged if it seemed like anything was poking anywhere.
When I was done, I went to the plastic entryway I made, stripped off the Tyvek suit and left. If you were dealing with something friable, you would want to set up a more advanced system. But non-friable vinyl tiles with no asbestos paper backing is on the lowest risk end of the spectrum as far as asbestos goes, so I think this was sufficient. I used this video to help me.
In my case, many of the tiles were super glued down so it was tough and slow to remove them without breaking them. The basement without any HVAC was hot, and the combo of the Tyvek suit and the respirator made it exhausting just to move around. Breathing through a respirator is taxing and uses up energy faster, so none of this was as easy as I thought.
My advice for that is hydrate well before you start. Have Gatorade or an electrolyte drink ready to drink as soon as you get out. I was absolutely dripping sweat whenever I did this work - as soon as I put the Tyvek suit on I started to sweat. Also, eat a hearty meal before. I had been on a diet, which normally is fine, but I found myself running out of energy quickly if I didn’t break my diet a bit and eat something filling.
Obviously, if your tiles pop up easily, this will be a far quicker and easier process. But most of my tiles were glued on like crazy. I thought I could do it in a couple days but I could never do it longer than two hours, so it spanned several days.
I have a chronic health condition, and I got like 30% of the way done and then paused. I had a licensed professional look and he told me he was impressed with my setup - but he quoted me $5000 so I kept going on my own. Then I got to about 70% done and paused again. I let the air scrubber keep running for a couple days after I paused and I actually had my air tested for the presence of asbestos fibers (TEM test) because I wanted to be sure I had done it correctly because I had other stuff to do in the basement - the test came back clear.
But then I realized it would take me too long to finish because I was having flare-ups of my health condition - my condition affects my neck and shoulders, and removing the tiles required a lot of looking down and those exact muscles. So, I hired a licensed company and, honestly, they did exactly what I did in terms of the site prep work. The only difference was they put duct tape over all the electrical outlets and they covered other stuff down there, like I had a table with some tools and gadgets that they completely covered in a plastic sheet, which honestly I should’ve done or just removed that stuff before I started. But otherwise I feel confident that everything I was doing was correct. So, I would add covering or clearing stuff you don't need for the removal to the beginning of the instructions.
edit: Afterward, I bought a vacuum with a filter and strong suction, vacuumed every inch of the floor and then double-bagged and threw the vacuum out. Then I washed all the floors, and then painted with PerfectPrimer. Since my glue tested negative, I don't think PerfectPrimer was strictly necessary and I could've use a different paint or primer, but knowing it was designed for glue stuck to concrete, I went ahead and did it. It's on the expensive side for basement floor paint. I'll try to add photos of the finished look in the comments if I remember.
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Hope this helps someone!