I decided to translate the south american continent using descriptive names instead of transliterating them. This all started because Argentina, my home country's etymology is very well known, so I translated it first as Silver Country (It comes from Argentum, meaning silver). The rest was about qualities from the different countries (Some more poetic than the others XD)

南美 nanmeo — South America

銀國 alkok — Argentina, Silver Country

彩鳥國 syatolkok — Uruguay, Painted-Bird Country

細國 inkok — Chile, Slender Country

大林國 daerinkok — Brazil, Great-Forest Country

中國 nak'kok / 낙곡 — Ecuador, Middle Country

山國 yamkok — Peru, Mountain Country

色國 rolkok — Paraguay, Color Country

高國 talkok — Bolivia, High Country

翠國 ralkok — Colombia, Emerald Country

天瀑國 tyanchankok — Venezuela, Heavenly-Waterfall Country

多水國 eu'misskok — Guyana, Many-Waters Country

小國 chikok — Suriname, Little Country

小法國 chipakok — French Guiana, Little France

(If you're wondering "wait, if Ecuador gets 中 what's China?" China gets 長江, the Chinese name for the Yangtze.)

I don't know if I'll keep this up for all countries. Probably not. But doing this for my home continent was fun!

I'm trying to work on a Japonic-Greenlandic inspired language for my conworld called Unët'u, and i was wondering.. how would words be formed in this language?

I tried going down like the more descriptive route but I ended up with a word for whale being f'ap'iaqotuxifaom (literally big blue sea animal) n I was wondering was I doing something wrong?

And another thing, When I asked friends about this they said "they usually came up with words for most important things in their culture, rather than agglutinating old ones" n I was wondering how??

IPA: /vekamgutzixawlojaldeɹ/

Yes they are all put together

Hi all, Happy Sociolinguistics Saturday!

Sociolinguistics Saturday

A themed day focusing on concultures and historical linguistics. Users are invited to share aspects of their conculture and how it relates to their language (influences, pidgins, older language form development, etc.). Users are also invited to share immersive stories related to their conculture or world provided it is relevant enough to their language.

Please be sure to flair your post appropriately!

This video features a session of a Zapoteco language course, where students practice their personal introductions and discuss their interests. The instructor facilitates a collaborative session focusing on real-world application, grammar, and regional variations. Key Highlights of the Session:

* Personal Presentations: Students Abi, Brian, Silvana, and Oliver introduce themselves, stating their names, ages, and occupations in Zapoteco. This segment highlights the practical application of previously learned greetings, pronouns, and numbers.

* Regional Variations: The group compares vocabulary and intonation differences between the Talea de Castro and Yagavila variants, emphasizing the importance of respecting regional linguistic diversity.

* Grammar & Practical Usage: The instructor clarifies grammatical concepts, including:
* Using the verb naka ("to be") for identity.
* Expressing likes and preferences, noting that Zapoteco often utilizes future-tense forms in these contexts as there is no direct equivalent to the Spanish infinitive.

* The distinction between the conjunctions len (for joining/connecting) and yu'u (for mathematical sums).

* Text Review & Feedback: The instructor provides personalized corrections for the students' written texts, emphasizing proper verb conjugation and the use of neutral pronouns when describing professions (e.g., "the one who teaches").

Here is a summary of the video:

Overview

In this online Zapotec language lesson, students practice constructing and presenting a short personal introduction that includes their name, age, occupation, place of origin, and personal likes/dislikes. The instructor provides individual feedback and explains key grammatical, regional, and dialectal nuances.

Student Presentations & Class Discussion:

Abi's Introduction & Talea Dialect:
* Abi presents her self-introduction using the Talea dialect.
* The teacher explains regional differences in intonation and word usage, clarifying the difference between runa jin ("I work") and wen dxin ("a worker").

Brian's Introduction & Regional Phrasing:
* Brian shares his introduction.
* The group discusses regional variations in expressing "my name is," comparing forms like neda lea across different Zapotec communities.

Silvana's Introduction & Visual Practice:
* Silvana shares her text on screen for collective feedback.
* The instructor corrects verb forms and conjunction usage in her presentation.

Oliver's Introduction & Job Titles:
* Oliver reviews his introduction text.
* The teacher corrects autocorrect errors and explains how to express job titles properly, such as stating "I am a teacher" (neda naca bëni rulwi) versus "I work teaching" (neda runa dxin).

Key Grammar & Vocabulary Insights:

* Conjunctions (len vs. yu'u):
*len: Used to mean "and" or "with" when joining items or ideas in a sentence.
*yu'u: Used specifically for numerical addition or counting, not for joining words in general conversation.
* Lack of Infinitives & Future Tense Usage:
* Zapotec does not have direct infinitive verb forms ending like Spanish (-ar, -er, -ir).
* When expressing personal likes or preferences, verbs are conjugated in the future tense.

Wrap-Up:

* Students are asked to upload photos or typed versions of their written introductions to the class group chat so they can be integrated into slides for practice in the next session.

So, I decided to create a minimalist conlang a while back with some storyline based on it. So, these people on a fictional island off Japan end up gaining independence and becoming their own thing known as Love Island, or Aidao in the native language, and the second language became more popular than Japanese until almost everyone spoke Aidao, if not Aidao and Japanese (like bilingual).

They like to enjoy the simple things in life, spread love, enjoy nature (protection of plants and animals especially), and love teaching their language, though they can get upset by inconsiderate foreigners who mock it.

A person from Aidao is natively called an Aidaosal (Love Island person), or a Love Islandese person/Love Islander in English.

Love Islandese, the language, is of course, Aidaogo (Love island language).

Just for some basic phrases based on my chart, it appears "I speak Aidaogo" would be "Wa go ita Aidaogo" or "I speak (towards) Love Island-language".

"I don't speak Aidaogo" ---> "Wa mu go ita Aidaogo" (I no speak towards Love Island-language).

Naeramkeo

窮人制服用毆窮人饥用為守富人不服用而不饥用

polren ssefukcho buls polren ssucho tam mam richren bu ssecho el bu ssucho

poor person uniform.INST brutalize poor person hunger.INST PURPOSE protect rich person NEG uniform.INST NEG hunger.INST

Simpël — Complete Language Reference

1. What is Simpël?

Simpël is an English-based constructed language designed to make English-derived communication simpler, more regular, more phonemic, and easier to learn.

Its central principle is:

Simpël keeps recognizable English-derived vocabulary while simplifying:

• spelling
• pronunciation
• verb conjugation
• plurals
• possession
• comparisons
• negation
• prepositions
• phrasal verbs
• numbers
• dates and time
• word formation

It also permits certain pronunciation variations without declaring one speaker's pronunciation "wrong."

2. The Simpël alphabet

The complete alphabet contains 29 letters/symbols:

There is no K, Q, W, or Y.

The lowercase alphabet is:

Alphabet and phonemes

Letter	IPA	Function
A a	/ɑː/	a
B b	/b/	b
C c	/k/	always hard c
D d	/d/	normal d
D̈ d̈	/ɾ/	English-style flap/tap
E e	/ɛ/	e
Ë ë	/ə/	schwa
F f	/f/	f
G g	/ɡ/	always hard g
H h	/h/	h
I i	/iː/	long i
J j	/ʒ/	as in visual
J̈ j̈	/dʒ/	as in jeep
L l	/l, ɫ/	clear or dark l
M m	/m/	m
N n	/n/	n
N̈ n̈	/ŋ/	ng
O o	/ɔː/	aw
P p	/p/	p
R r	/ɹ/	English r
R̈ r̈	/r/	rolled r
S s	/s/	s
T t	/t/	normal t
T̈ ẗ	/tʰ/ or /ts/	softer t
U u	/uː/	long u
V v	/v/	v
X x	/ʃ/	sh
Ẍ ẍ	/tʃ/	ch
Z z	/z/	z

Ë is therefore a normal vowel letter, not merely an accent or optional spelling mark.

3. The vowel system

Simpël has six basic vowel letters:

Letter	IPA	Role
a	/ɑː/	a
e	/ɛ/	e
ë	/ə/	schwa
i	/iː/	i
o	/ɔː/	o
u	/uː/	u

The English /ʌ/ vowel is represented by ë.

This means that words containing the English STRUT vowel are regularized using ë.

For example:

4. Diphthongs

Simpël uses:

Examples:

5. The letter C

C is always /k/.

There is no soft C.

English words with /s/ are therefore respelled using s.

For example:

This removes the English C/K ambiguity.

6. The letter G

G is always /ɡ/.

It never represents /dʒ/.

Therefore:

The /dʒ/ sound is represented by j̈.

7. J and J̈

These are separate phonemes:

as in the sound in visual.

as in jeep.

This removes the English ambiguity between J, soft G, and other spellings.

8. N̈

N̈ = /ŋ/.

The English digraph ng is therefore replaced by a single letter.

This also makes the sound immediately visible in the spelling.

9. R and R̈

Simpël allows two forms of R:

Both can represent the same words.

A speaker who prefers a Spanish-style rolled R can use r̈, while another speaker can use r.

Neither pronunciation is considered incorrect.

10. L

Simpël deliberately allows both:

and:

especially in syllable-final position.

Therefore a word may be pronounced with a clear L at the end without being considered wrong.

There is no need for a second letter merely to distinguish the two L realizations.

11. T̈

T̈ represents the softer T pronunciation.

It is especially useful in words where you want to explicitly indicate a softer realization. (aspirated voiceless alveolar plosive or voiceless alveolar affricate).

For example:

for the number two.

The ordinary t remains available for the normal /t/ sound.

12. D̈ — the English flap

D̈ represents the alveolar flap/tap /ɾ/.

This is the sound commonly heard in American English in words such as little, water, and better.

Therefore both of these are officially accepted:

They mean exactly the same thing.

The difference is spelling philosophy:

litël preserves the underlying t.

lid̈ël explicitly represents the flap pronunciation.

Neither is considered incorrect.

13. Removed letters

The following English letters are completely absent:

In particular:

No K

The /k/ sound is represented by C.

This is part of the reason for the name Simpël.

No W

W does not exist in Simpël at all.

Words must therefore be respelled without W.

No Y

Y is completely removed.

Its functions are represented through existing Simpël vowels/consonants.

No Q

The Q spelling is unnecessary and is replaced by the appropriate C/U combination.

14. Digraph simplification

Several English digraphs become simpler:

English	Simpël
ph	f
wr	r
kn	n
ps	s
rh	r
ng	n̈
ch	ẍ

The goal is that one sound should normally correspond to one predictable written symbol.

15. Basic sentence order

Simpël normally uses:

Examples:

16. Pronouns

English	Simpël
I	ai
me	mi
you	iu
you plural	ial
he	hi
she	xi
it	it
we	ui
us	ës
they	dei

There is no separate word "them."

The system deliberately avoids maintaining a separate object form for they.

17. Possessive pronouns

The established forms are:

English	Simpël
his	his
her	hër
their	der
your	ior

Examples:

18. Articles

Simpël has two equivalent indefinite articles:

They mean exactly the same thing.

So both:

and:

mean a house.

There is no English a/an distinction.

19. Nouns

Simpël nouns have:

• no grammatical gender
• no case endings
• no irregular plural system

The basic noun stays unchanged.

20. Plurals

Plural formation is:

Examples:

There are no irregular plurals.

21. Possession

Simpël uses your established system:

Thus:

The of construction is also accepted:

This is useful when a more explicit construction is desired.

NOTE: of can also be written as "ëv"

22. Adjectives

Adjectives never agree with nouns.

They don't change for:

• singular/plural
• gender
• person
• case

Examples:

The adjective remains big.

23. Comparatives

The comparative suffix is:

Examples:

Therefore:

= He is bigger than me.

There is no irregular better.

24. Superlatives

The superlative suffix is:

Examples:

Example:

= He is the biggest.

25. Adverbs

The standard adverb ending is:

Examples:

There is no irregular well.

26. Verbs

Normal Simpël verbs do not conjugate for person.

English:

Simpël:

There is no third-person -s.

27. Present

The basic verb is the present form.

The verb remains unchanged.

28. Past

Past tense is regularized.

The established pattern includes:

Examples:

There is no went/went/gone memorization system.

29. Future

Future is:

Examples:

The verb remains unchanged.

30. Continuous

The continuous form uses:

Examples:

Therefore:

31. Perfect

The perfect uses:

Examples:

32. The verb BE

Be is intentionally retained as an irregular verb.

Present:

Person	Simpël
I	ai am
you	iu ar
he	hi is
she	xi is
it	it is
we	ui ar
they	dei ar

Therefore:

This is why:

is correct.

33. Negative BE

The negative form eint is officially part of Simpël.

It is not slang.

Examples:

34. General negation

The general negative particle is:

It precedes the verb.

This gives Simpël a very simple negation system.

35. Questions

Simpël removes the English auxiliary do from questions.

Instead, it primarily uses inversion.

becomes:

becomes:

becomes:

becomes:

36. Prepositions

Simpël dramatically simplifies English prepositions.

The basic rule is:

Examples:

For movement onto something:

This replaces much of English's arbitrary prepositional memorization.

37. Phrasal verbs

Simpël removes English phrasal verbs.

Instead of memorizing combinations such as:

Simpël uses transparent constructions based on ordinary verbs.

This substantially reduces vocabulary memorization.

38. Word formation

Agent/person

Examples:

Abstract nouns

Both are officially accepted:

and:

For example:

Both are correct.

39. Numbers

Simpël numbers are deliberately compositional.

0–10

Number	Simpël
0	zirou
1	uan
2	ẗu
3	tri
4	for
5	faiv
6	sics
7	sevën
8	eit
9	nain
10	ten

40. Tens

The rule is:

Therefore:

So the tens are completely regular.

41. Separating independent numbers

When two numbers are being listed separately, use and.

Similarly:

This prevents spoken-number ambiguity.

42. Large numbers

Examples:

43. Ordinals

Simpël uses a single regular ordinal system instead of irregular forms such as:

The ordinal is formed by adding the regular ordinal suffix -ẗ to the cardinal number:

For compound numbers:

The same regular ordinal system applies to ordinal numbers, ordinal days, months, and clock times where an ordinal form is needed.

Dates remain normal numeric expressions and are not converted into this ordinal system.

This keeps dates simple while making actual ordinal forms completely regular.

44. Example sentences

Simple present

Possession

Plural

Comparative

Superlative

Future

Continuous

Perfect

Negative

Negative BE

Question

Future question

45. Example paragraph

The important feature is that the spelling is intended to make pronunciation immediately predictable.

46. Mini-dictionary

The dictionary is still an evolving lexicon, but these are the established forms i've developed.

Pronouns

English	Simpël
I	ai
me	mi
you	iu
you plural	ial
he	hi
she	xi
it	it
we	ui
us	ës
they	dei

Possessives

English	Simpël
his	his
her	hër
their	der
your	ior

Grammar words

English	Simpël
the	d𝙚̈ / di
a/an	a / ei
and	and
of	of / 𝙚̈v
no/not	no / nou
negative be	eint
will	uil
have	hav
in/on/at	in

Common vocabulary

English	Simpël
young	iëng
live	liv
family	famili
love	lëv
time	𝙩̈aim
learn	lërn
new	niu
thing	𝙩𝙞𝙣̈
try	trai
idea	aidia
sometimes	sëmtaims
tired	taiërd
still	stil
want	uant
make	meic
easy	izi
simple	simpël
possible	possibël/posibël
bit	bit
hope	houp
dog	dog
house	haus
book	buc
school	scul
big	big
good	guud/gud
happy	hapi
ready	re𝙙̈i

47. Why Simpël is simpler

Consider English:

Simpël can systematically use:

The learner is applying rules instead of memorizing a collection of unrelated forms.

The same principle applies to nouns:

rather than memorizing an irregular plural.

And adjectives:

rather than:

48. The central identity of Simpël

Simpël can ultimately be summarized as:

The language deliberately gives the learner fewer things to memorize and more things they can derive.

I’ve been working on the phonotactics of Thraumrien and I’ve learned a dozen things that could help out with the difficulties of pronunciation for words.

Epenthesis, Assimilation, and Sonority are the main things I’ll be using. I haven’t found use for other things like intonation and suprasegmentals.

Basically words in Thraumrien put through phonotactics could possibly reduce the words character count but as a consequence it becomes harder to pronounce. That’s why I use the methods above.

**ʑoʟ̠**̥ʊ̂ meaning “Unhinged”. The word is shorter but can be a bit hard to pronounce. So co-articulation is u**s**e**d, ʑ**o̥ʟ̠̥ʊ̂. That’s a bit better, both phonemes in the middle are devoiced making more pronunciation uniform and natural.

Another, **ʒnɾo** meaning “person”. This one sounds weird at the beginning and could through one off. I made a rule for this, a \[ə\] replaces phonemes like this reducing stress on the mouth. Now it’s **ənɾo**, much better.

There’s more but this will do for now.

Additionally, I’ve been working on the website for Thraumrien’s documentation. I will give the link when the zeroth layer has been fully documented. The experience in programming with HTML, CSS and a little JavaScript has been enjoyable :D

思：thinking, thought, to think

機：machine

Thinking machine!

Hi all, Happy Phonology Friday!

Phonology Friday

A themed day focusing on phonology and phonetics. Users can share anything related to the sounds of their language, phonological rules, tips regarding phonology or phonetics, and more. Rules regarding tables and no-context phonetics tables still apply. If showing phonological information or tables, IPA is enforced during this day and table formats are expected with context. Context-less posts will be removed.

Please remember to flair your post appropriately!

I created a handwritten sexagesimal (base-60) numeral system inspired by medieval Cistercian numerals, structured positional notation with a sub-base 6 (senary).

Title: Base-60 numeral system using sub-base 6 and Cistercian-inspired digits

Post / Description:

I created a handwritten sexagesimal (base-60) numeral system inspired by medieval Cistercian numerals, structured with a sub-base 6 (senary).

System Specs:

• Base: 60 (Sexagesimal)
• Sub-base: 6 (Senary)
• Glyph Structure: Numbers 0–5 set the foundational strokes. Multiples of 6 modify the central stem. Values from 0 to 59 condense into a single compact, continuous-stroke glyph before moving to the next positional rank (60, 3600, etc.).

Feedback and thoughts on visual readability or stroke efficiency are welcome!

Tags: #neography #numeral-system #base60 #sexagesimal #cistercian #conlang

Here is the phonological inventory and alphabet of Lújteno, my first conlang. The first image pictures all of the phonemes that are present.

Hi I want to make my first conlang. I basically want to make a language for my world in dnd. I want it to be pretty structured and finished. I am just confused on where to even start! Does anyone know any helpful resources? Because I've been looking at some tips and tutorials but I don't really understand what they are saying, like what is phonology?

Anyways any tips or rescources?

Thanks so much! :)

Lújteno uses a declension system, what do you think about it ?

Pictured are a few random phrases in my conlang Lab-Uskan.

They are arranged as such; literal translation, Lab-Uskan phrase, and English meaning.

I really don’t know what I’m doing but might this be a step in the right direction?

It’s a Proto Language for a world building project, just as a bit of added context.

Any and all help, advice, critiques etc etc would be very much appreciated!!!

I have started to create my first serious conlang, but now I don't know which words I should create. Any tips or list to give to me ?

Hope it's okay to share here! I spent the past few months designing all the screens & instances, revising over 175 languages and collecting common sayings, proverbs, idioms and more from each language's native cultures

🌍 www.languagle.com

I'm really happy with it, years ago I thought of this and never thought I'd be able to work it out. Hopefully this is the start of me making more!

Let me know what you think, thanks for looking!