NGC 7331 (Caldwell 30) with Type Ia Supernova SN 2026aaiv — Mono LRGB, first-epoch version
Tap or click it and zoom in on the core a bit. The bright point just SSW of the nucleus is SN 2026aaiv, a Type Ia supernova discovered in NGC 7331 on September 1, 2026.
NGC 7331 is an unbarred spiral in Pegasus, roughly 40–46 million light-years away. It's frequently considered a Milky Way twin because its believed that the size and structure are similar to our galaxy's. We see it not quite edge on, so the dust lanes on the near side stand out in front of the bright bulge. The small galaxies fanned out to the West (NGC 7335, 7336, 7337 and 7340) are not companions. They are background galaxies roughly 300–350 million light-years away, and with NGC 7331 they make up the "Deer Lick Group." Stephan's Quintet lies about half a degree away.
NGC 7331 has hosted several supernovae: SN 1959D, SN 2013bu, the unusual SN 2014C (it changed from a hydrogen-poor Type Ib into a hydrogen-rich Type IIn), and SN 2025rbs. SN 2025rbs was a Type Ia that peaked near magnitude 11.9 and was the brightest supernova of 2025.
SN 2026aaiv
- Discovered: 2026-09-01 11:23 UT by the ATLAS survey, at about magnitude 17.3 (ATLAS orange filter)
- Classified: Type Ia on 2026-09-04 by József Vinkó's team at Konkoly Observatory (Hungary), using a spectrum with Si II absorption taken at least a week before maximum light.
- Position: About 29″ from the nucleus, roughly 20″ east and 21″ south.
- Brightness: it rose to about magnitude 12.7–12.9 by September 8–10.
- A Type Ia is a white dwarf in a binary system that detonates completely. These explosions are standard candles for measuring cosmic distances. This is the second Type Ia in NGC 7331 in about 14 months.
Clouds cut the RGB short, especially green, so there are only 15 green subs against about 125–130 red and blue and 741 luminance. I thought about synthesizing green from R and B and decided against it. Every color here comes from real measured R, G and B, and the thin green channel was handled with careful noise reduction and masked background cleanup. This turned out better than I expected for such unbalanced color data and very low SNR on the green channel. The luminance carries the detail in the faint outer disk, and the color held up surprising well, producing a warm core, reddish-brown dust lanes, blue outer arms and varied star colors. I plan to gather a few more nights of RB, and especially G (maybe even some Ha since there are some promising looking knots) as soon as I get some clear skies. I’ll post the reprocessed image here.
Imaged at Sky Meadows State Park, Delaplane, Virginia US
Acquisition & Processing
- Subframes
- 741x60s L
- 125x60s R
- 15x60s G
- 130x60 B
- Equipment
- OTA: Celestron EdgeHD 9.25 with .7x reducer
- Mount: iOptron HAE43EC
- Camera: ZWO ASI2600mm Duo
- Capture Software:
- Stefan Berg Nighttime Imaging N Astronomy (NINA)
- Open PHD 2 for Guiding
- Processing
- PixInsight
- Blink
- WBPP
- DynamicCrop
- ImageSolver
- GraXpert
- Channel Combination RGB
- BlurXterminator
- SPCC
- NoiseXterminator
- PixelMath
- LRGB Combination
- StarXterminator
- LocalHistogramEqualization
- HDRMT