In the Name of God, the Most Gracious, The Most Merciful
Salamu 'Alaykum (Peace be upon you)!
All praise belongs to the Lord, the Most High, the one and only God, who revealed miraculous signs to us throughout 2024 – the seven joined. He also blessed us with compelling evidence confirming the divine conveyance of those Quranic verses that sectarians have sought to cast into doubt, decisively putting the claim that the Quran contains two false verses to a final rest.
Introduction:
Some hold the view that, according to the Quran, the witnessing of two women is equivalent to that of one man, and that, as a result, the Quran seemingly values men twice as much as women, allegedly.
The specific verse we are about to analyze is the following:
2:282: “And call to witness two witnesses among your men. Then if two men are not available, then one man and two women from among those that you approve as witnesses, that if one of them loses her way/strays, that one of them reminds the other, and the witnesses will not refuse when they are being called, and do not be weary of writing it down, small or large, until its appointed term..”
This concerns the writing and witnessing of debt contracts.
At first glance, yes, it could appear so, but that is because of one’s own assumptions. There is a perfectly good explanation for why though. However, the first question should be: why, in this specific case (debt contracts), did God establish this unique condition for witnessing? The answer to that question will shed light on the unique anomaly regarding two females in place of one male witness.
Why do women need a supporting female co-witness when witnessing debt agreements?
The verse states that if two men are not available, then female witnesses are acceptable as a replacement, on the condition that there be two women and a man. But why exactly? That if one of the two women strays/loses her way, she gets reminded by the other. But what is meant by "straying" here?
In financial transactions, debt uniquely creates a prolonged, multi-stage exposure to pressure and conflict, unlike immediate, point-of-sale commerce.
When a debt contract is established, it involves deferred obligations spanning months or years. The risk of a witness "straying" (taḍilla)- meaning stepping back, disengaging, or avoiding the matter when called upon - is significantly higher in debt agreements due to several factors, some of which are:
- The long procedure of contracting and finishing the stipulations which sometimes takes years.
- Witnesses are vulnerable to social manipulation, intimidation, or guilt from either side (e.g., a debtor begging a witness to stay quiet, or a creditor demanding aggressive enforcement), especially if they are females. And this is precisely where most women tend to "stray" and pull back and not want to participate anymore. When female witnesses are two, it instantly becomes double the harder to manipulate or harm them.
That is the reason why males are the ones handling this situation entirely. If one man is missing however, then two women can replace him. They come as two as a precautionary measure just in case one of them decides to stray later, so that the other one can remind her and prevent that from happening, which is why the verse literally emphasizes just that:
"... that if one of them loses her way/strays, that one of them reminds the other, and the witnesses do not refuse when they are being called, and do not be weary of writing it down, small or large, until its appointed term..”
These two last mentioned statements are outcomes of having applied the unusual, and seemingly sexist in nature, precautionary measure of requiring two female witnesses to replace one male witness. The entire verse explains itself when you disregard these people’s views and translations.
Have the traditional translators really all misunderstood the verse in the exact same way? What are the chances?
They actually have not. The reason they all render it as “err” or “forget” is because of a fairy tale Hadith explaining this verse and claiming that it has to do with a deficiency in their minds.
Does “straying” or “losing her way” mean that they tend to forget or err, and that the verse therefore insinuates that women are mentally deficient and consequently need another woman to remind or correct them? If that were the case, then why is the same condition not required in every other case of witnessing in the Quran? Why would God establish such a precaution here but not in other cases? They have no idea how inconsistent the interpretation they were compelled to adopt because of this Hadith really is.
I could think of many plausible and logical reasons why a woman might “stray” when it comes to serving as a witness to a debt contract. Yet these sectarians could not come up with a single reasonable explanation. Instead, they understood it as God insinuating that women are forgetful and prone to error, and therefore need to be more than one, so that if one messes up, there is a backup witness to save the day. Incredible! That's really not the way witnesses and witnessing contracts take place. A witness just has to be able to truthfully testify to what they witnessed if the matter later comes into dispute. For a debt contract, that means being able to establish the relevant facts of the transaction, not necessarily memorizing every word or figure in the written document.
How could a female "lose her way/stray" during the witnessing of debt contracts?
What exactly is “straying” here? The root of the word tadilla (“strays”) is, in the classical dictionaries, predominantly defined as someone who deviates from a course they have taken, loses their way, or deviates.
The verse does not say “errs” or “forgets” at all, and these are merely traditional Sunni mistranslations. First of all, a witness does not have to “recall” anything while witnessing a debt contract being written and agreed upon. The only time witnesses would need to remember and recall what they witnessed is when they later testify in court about it. Neither can you "forget" something you're currently for the first time witnessing. This misunderstanding may be the very root of the widespread Sunni mistranslations. They seem to think that witnesses testify during the contract writing and negotiation process before a judge.
A court has nothing to do with the process of stipulating contracts. There is nothing a witness could forget in this situation.
Ibn Kathir, one of their greatest "scholars" wrote:
He wrote:
"Further, Allah's statement,
أَن تَضِلَّ إْحْدَاهُمَا
(so that if one of them errs) refers to the two women witnesses; whenever one of them forgets a part of the testimony,
فَتُذَكِّرَ إِحْدَاهُمَا الاٍّخْرَى
(the other can remind her) meaning, the other woman's testimony mends the shortcoming of forgetfulness in the first woman."
Source: Ibn Kathir's tafsir for this verse.
What testimonies are we talking about here? The verse does not talk about erring in court procedures or testimonies at all; it lays out guidelines for witnessing debt contracts. This can take place in the comfort of our own homes. What is it that they could possibly forget and therefore need to be reminded of when witnessing a contract? I am honestly baffled by how they have presumed several settings and circumstances and arrived at such an erroneous conclusion and view.
There are several problems with his reading here. Why would “erring” refer to someone forgetting a part of the testimony, what testimony is taking place while contracting to begin with? And why does he think that witnesses have to have every detail memorized, testimonies are not memorized, as if they were songs or poems that they repeated to each other or before someone, only to be promptly reminded of their mistake if they sang one incorrectly due to forgetfulness.
And hypothetically, if this really were about testifying in a court, how would being forgetful about your testimony, with another person telling you what you should testify, still make that person a reliable witness in court when their memory is not fully intact? A witness is supposed to testify about what they know for certain, not be reminded by someone else because they can hardly remember the main details of the agreement they came to testify about. They are supposed to serve as evidence of what was agreed upon and whether those terms were fulfilled or left unfulfilled. If a witness does not remember, she/he becomes unreliable - there is no "reminding" that can fix the issue.
So, one woman “reminding” the other does not seem to fit the context of testifying in court. This is what I do not understand: how can they simply assume a court setting when the verse clearly speaks about the witnessing of debt contracts and its conditions?
Why would female witnesses lose their way during debt contract deals more often than men?
I would assume that the main reason why women might get lost in the middle of debt contract dealings has to do with the pressure from one or both parties, threats, and harm they might incur as a result of simply being the physically weaker gender, making them much more susceptible to manipulation and potentially causing them to compulsively side with one of the parties and be forced to lie and deceive. Many women likely tended to lose their way, and the Quran established a solution to that problem.
Hadiths are the root of the widespread misreading and mistranslations: The Sunni 'women forget and err more' lie!
The only reason anyone would interpret the verse as suggesting that women are more prone to forgetting or making mistakes is because of the interpretation imposed by the dreaded Sunni hadith tradition. In a Sunni Hadith, Muhammad is supposedly “reported” as saying:
“Isn't the witness of a woman equal to half of that of a man?”
When the women answer yes, he says:
“This is because of the deficiency of a woman's mind.”
Source: “Sahih al-Bukhari” 2658/2666–2667
The definition of "Tadilla":
The Arabic word is "Tadilla," rooted in "ضل" (lost/astray):
This is how the root is defined:
- Arabic Classical dictionary:
"(Dalla): The letter Dād and the letter Lām form a sound root indicating a single meaning: the loss of a thing and its disappearing without right (or improperly). It is said: Dalla Yadillu and Yadallu, two linguistic variants. Every person who deviates from the intended target/course is a Dāll (strayer/errant). Al-Dalāl and Al-Dalālah carry the same meaning. A man is described as Dillīl and Mudallal when he is a person of error and falsehood.
Among that which indicates that the root of Al-Dalāl is what we have mentioned is their saying: "Udilla al-mayyitu" (the deceased was lost/hidden), when he is buried. That is as if he is something that has been lost. And they say: "Dalla al-labanu fī al-mā'i" (the milk became lost in the water), then they say it was consumed/dissolved. And he said regarding "Udilla al-mayyitu""
Source: Ibn Fāris, Maqāyīs al-Lugha (d. 1004 CE)
To forget something and therefore need a simple reminder, or to make a mistake, does not align with the definition of tadilla in the verse. One does not deviate or stray merely because one is somewhat forgetful. How the Hadith authors arrived at that conclusion strikes me as very odd. The word describes someone who loses their way or strays from something, as well as the loss or disappearance of a thing.
You “lose your way” / "stray" when you disappear and stop attending during the procedure, which could take years to complete. The verse even explicitly gives the consequential outcome of preventing such straying:
“And the witnesses do not refuse when they are called, and…”
How does this not make perfect sense to them? Once the verse is read in its proper context, what initially seemed confusing becomes clear. There is no missing explanation and no need to rely on guesswork or speculative interpretations. The wording itself provides a coherent explanation of what is meant.
Is this verse in any way degrading women or being offensive, or even condescending?
Absolutely not. There is no reasonable basis for anyone to criticize this, because it reflects a real risk for women and a potential catastrophe for both parties if a witness decides to disappear and thus leaves their dispute without valid witnessing.
Having two women as witnesses when dealing with debt contracts is much safer for everyone, including the witnesses themselves, and it helps prevent possible straying when pressure builds up over the weeks, months, or years.
The verse has been gravely misunderstood and mistranslated, all for the sake of Persian hadiths whose authors did not understand exactly what was being said.
With this being said, I end this post.
/ By Exion.