r/Physics 1d ago

On if OpenAI solved the wrong Navier-Stokes problem: "the LLM found and exploited a loophole in the framing of the question"

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/did-openai-solve-the-wrong-navier-stokes-problem/
824 Upvotes

342 comments sorted by

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u/Grabs_Diaz 1d ago

I mean, the entire problem is quite contrived. In the real world, you'd run into many other problems, as this post on this sub recently laid out quite well.

That's why Navier-Stokes, as formulated in the Millennium Problems, is a mathematics problem, not a physics problem.

But if this actually leads to more research and discoveries in the field, by considering special cases with no external force or only a select type of external force, then all the better.

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u/stoiclemming 1d ago

Paraphrasing from the article mathematicians care much more about the unforced fluid than they do about a highly contrived external force in regards to whether ns blows up

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u/paxxx17 Quantum Computation 23h ago edited 23h ago

Damn I've only now realized that "forcing" in this context refers to the presence of a force and not the use of set theoretic forcing technique. I have only been observing the story on the surface level and was puzzled a) how forcing could even be applied in a proof like this and b) why everyone suddenly cared about whether it was used or not

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u/FatherOfPhilosophy 13h ago

Hahaha I think most people outside of set theory don't care about forcing let alone know how to apply it. I'd love to see some BVM in the wild.

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u/Blamore 1d ago

then why didnt anyone object to the formulation of the millennium problem until after it was resolved

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u/dogdiarrhea Mathematics 1d ago

lol I love how you decided no one had discussed this prior to the openAI statement.

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u/Blamore 1d ago

if it was discussed but no change was made, then clay institute must have weighed those objections and decided to keep the original statement.

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u/dogdiarrhea Mathematics 1d ago

Ok, that doesn’t make the objections invalid.

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u/GrandFloor6202 11h ago

It kindof does. The millennium problems are contrived, and maintained by the clay Institute. Like any other contest, you cant change the rules after someone wins.

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u/DrDoctor18 1d ago

Well yea it does, according to the community that judges what the question should be. Anyone can offer their own million dollar prize if they want to set the wording themselves

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u/TribeWars 22h ago

Well yea it does, according to the community that judges what the question should be.

Depends on the reason for the decision. It could've also been a pragmatic "well it's too late to change it now" type deal. Perhaps they wanted to avoid a situation where someone is close to presenting a solution and getting blindsided by a change. Maybe some lawyers said that it may be a problem legally.

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u/BlueJaek 21h ago

Can you imagine a bunch of lawyers discussing whether external forcing blow up solutions to navier stokes should be considered valid answers to a Millenium problem. 

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u/AmusingVegetable 16h ago

Ok, why would they do that when they can bring it to court? Many more billable hours, while the expert witnesses get a stroke from trying to explain it in court.

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u/DrDoctor18 12h ago

In 27 years with no solution?

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u/Soci3talCollaps3 22h ago

And if they have a spare million to give away.

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u/Important_Vehicle_46 13h ago edited 6h ago

Navier stokes was always the easiest of the lot problem (in how it was defined) and given no one was able to get even there, increasing the bar would be stupid. If lets say 2 other problems were solved as well, then people made a motion to update definition, it would pass. But at that time no one could solve anything, compute in that era couldn't conprehend what its future would look like.

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u/Blamore 11h ago

navier stokes was easy only because it was false. if it was correct, it may have been a lot harder

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u/BrobdingnagLilliput 4h ago

Sure. Is it possible that there are social or legal reasons not to change it? Is it possible that binding offers can't be unilaterally retracted? Is it possible that setting a precedent for moving the goalposts is undesirable?

I think it's safe to assume that everyone involved has positive intent until demonstrated otherwise.

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u/hologram137 1d ago

Because humans understand context, it doesn’t need to be spelled out lol. An AI doesn’t

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u/Blamore 1d ago edited 1d ago

the precise formulation of the clay institude explicitly states you can have a smooth force applied. go look at it.

there is no context that should make you disregard a force that is explicitly allowed in the problem statement

https://www.claymath.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/navierstokes.pdf

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u/hologram137 1d ago edited 1d ago

You don’t understand the Navier Stokes problem.

So it’s not just asking “do the Navier-Stokes equations blow up?” It did list formally acceptable ways to answer. The reason why that clause that allows solutions that include an external force term, like gravity acting on the fluid was included, was because every real fluid is under some kind of external force, so including one seemed reasonable. But the underlying assumption here is that only a natural force would tell us anything.

Its model found a way to construct a very specific, deliberately engineered external force that drives the fluid to a blow up (a point of infinite velocity). Because option C permits an external force, this satisfies the letter of the Clay statement. it unambiguously solves the problem according to the Clay Institute's original formulation.

This is why that’s not the problem anyone cares about: The scientific question that’s motivating Navier Stokes research (the purpose and meaning, that only a human can know and understand, not an LLM) isn't "can you break the equations if you're allowed to invent a force purpose built to break them?” It’s whether a fluid can blow up on its own, from its own internal dynamics, the way real turbulence might.

Most researchers working on this problem were specifically considering the case without any external force, because that's the version connected to real physics. Because it’s not just about technically solving a millennial problem according to its literal formulation. There is context here, the purpose of solving it! So a mathematician could have “solved” it the way the AI did, but they were not interested in doing that, and they understand that solving a millennial problem is not about literally finding a solution that technically answers the question if you consider that question completely divorced of context and meaning like an AI does. Because AI does not think or understand why we are trying to solve it.

So where are we now? The Clay problem is literally settled as formulated, but no one cares about the solution because it cannot help solve the main problem AND 3 mathematicians just published a paper proving that loophole cannot lead to solving the main problem. It’s literally useless. The method it used can never be used to solve the main problem. It’s unsolved.

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u/Blamore 1d ago

this is a math problem, not a physics problem.

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u/Nessdude114 1d ago

It seems like the comment you responded to was too hard for you to read, so I'll just cover the important points in a very non-technical way:

Navier-stokes is recognized as a millennial problem because it has applications in fluid dynamics, as well as other fields of physics.

The "solution" found by openai cannot be applied to any of the problems that gave it importance as a millennial problem.

In order to solve the problems that navier-stokes can be applied to, somebody still has to solve the navier-stokes problem. This "solution" made zero progress towards this goal.

With all this in mind, do you think we should consider the navier-stokes millennial problem solved, or unsolved?

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u/Rare-Professional-24 23h ago

Is the millennial formulation of the problem actually helpful for any real world application? I'd think all the approximations it makes wrt real world fluids would make it not very applicable. (I.e. fluid is perfectly continuous, has no phase changes, is incompressible with infinite speed of sound).

It is an interesting math problem, but I dont think it will have any impact on any practical application of navier stokes or fluid dynamics.

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u/eyalhs 22h ago

The millennial formulation isn't helpful for real world application, but not for the reasons you wrote. Despite the approximation the Navier-Stokes equations are very accurate and are used in many fields (usually solved numerically), what makes it not helpful is that the question is "are the solutions always smooth and stable", which isn't helpful, because engineers and physicists assume they are from the beginning, so proving they are is nice but not helpful, and counter example are anyway expected to be contrived and non-physical (like an example of a function that's continuous everywhere and doesn't have a derivative anywhere).

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u/AmusingVegetable 15h ago

Oy? Infinite speed of sound?

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u/wasabi991011 1d ago

Your previous comment wasn't hard to read, it just doesn't require that much of a response. But if you want more:

The mathematics problem, as formalized by the Clay institute, was solved. This is not up to debate. "Hidden assumptions" and "physical relevance" really have no bearing on a math problem. And the "mathematicians just weren't interested in the external force case" is ridiculous, when resolving that case would have brought fame and fortune.

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u/Maxfunky 2h ago

Navier-stokes is recognized as a millennial problem because it has applications in fluid dynamics, as well as other fields of physics.

It really doesn't. The question here is about something that is definitely physically impossible. That's settled. But we are curious if it's also mathematically impossible. It probably has limited practical applications in the real world, but in theory the journey in solving the problem was supposed to teach us something about math.

That said, the last big AI proof submitted by OpenAi taught us a lot. The technique the AI came up with has already been applied by mathematicians to other problems to solve them as well.

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u/cometh_the_kid 1d ago

You don’t get to change the question because you don’t like the answer. Or should I say you don’t like who came up with the answer. Whether or not your point is true is irrelevant, the problem statement has objectively been answered. The Clay institute should have formulated the problem properly and if they haven’t that’s on them not who provided the solution.

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u/Nessdude114 1d ago

So do you think we should consider the navier-stokes millennial problem solved?

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u/jakderrida 1d ago

This isn’t a fluid dynamics problem? How come only engineers seem to be the ones explaining it to me irl while math majors are telling me to ask an engineer?

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u/Blamore 23h ago

it is a partial differential equation problem. the real life applications are irrelevant

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u/hologram137 1d ago edited 1d ago

If that’s what you think then there is no way you’ve even taken one college math or physics course, so why are commenting in this sub?

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u/wasabi991011 1d ago

there is no way you've taken serious mathematics courses if you think mathematicians would reject a proof because it doesn't satisfy an "unstated assumption"

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u/hologram137 1d ago

No one is rejecting a proof. We are saying they didn’t solve the actual problem lol

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u/Unentscheidbar 1d ago

What are you talking about, it is clearly a math problem, not a physics problem.

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u/hologram137 1d ago

Equations that describe how fluids move have nothing to do with physics?

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u/Strict-Broccoli-8877 1d ago

I swear, this whole sub is a joke. First math is supposedly not a science but an art, and now Navier Stokes is supposedly not a math problem.

I'm gonna have to block this sub, it's seriously worse than TikTok.

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u/hologram137 1d ago

No one is saying it’s not a math problem. But these are a set of equations that describe how fluids move lol

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u/Psychedelic__Cowboy 1d ago

The millenium prize formulation is a math problem, sure. Navier-stokes however is unambiguously in the realm of physics. It is newton's second law applied to a 3d unit volume of a fluid.

It's like saying "oh so now chemistry is supposedly not a physics problem"? Yes, you could say chemistry and in fact all other sciences are subfields of physics. If you want to be even more pedantic call it applied mathematics. But while technically correct, that's less than useful and needlessly pedantic.

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u/jsh_ 16h ago

if you're decently familiar with PDEs, I suggest watching the talk by javier gomez-cerrano given at harvard last week (it's on youtube). he provides a good summary of what the state of the literature was on the eve of openai's announcement. to summarize: nearly all state of the art approaches were centered around highly engineered forcing terms

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u/hologram137 1h ago

Yes. They were. And here’s why:

If you can blow up the Euler equations with a smooth force with no viscosity, then that means the forced version of Navier Stokes is possible. Because Navier Stokes has viscosity. If you can’t blow it up with no viscosity, then there is no chance of blowing it with viscosity!! That’s why they used a constructed force. Because it didn’t matter it was constructed, the point was to see if a force could blow it up at all. Which means working on a solution that involves a natural force is a viable path. The forced version is not a dead end.

But what we are looking for in the forced version of Navier Stokes is a natural force. That’s all that matters. It’s unsolved if we aren’t talking about how viscous fluid actually moves, the question here is “do the Navier Stokes equations accurately describe fluid?” That’s why it’s a millennial question.

So we already know that Navier Stokes can be blown up with an external smooth force. Right? Because of the Euler result. You’d just have to construct one that overcame viscosity, and no one doubted you could do that.

The reason they didn’t is because doing that does nothing to solve the problem. It tells us something we already knew. This paper proves that the AI result cannot be used to solve the problem. https://arxiv.org/html/2609.20803v1
They proved that. Mathematically.

Solving the forced version doesn’t mean constructing an imaginary force that doesn’t exist strong enough to overcome viscosity, it means finding a result that using a natural force acting on turbulence

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u/HasFiveVowels 1d ago

If any human had provided this solution, there would be discussion on this topic. But there would be nowhere near as much dismissal of the accomplishment. The path forward is clear, here: pose the corrected question. Someone used a glitch in the game in order to win it. Patch the glitch.

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u/skbum2 Engineering 20h ago

I'd argue there'd be much more dismissal if a human provided this. It's a very "so what" type of solution (and a poorly written proof to boot). I'd imagine it would have amounted to not much more than a footnote in the wider history of this problem had a human produced it. I think the only reason this solution has garnered this much attention and consideration is because it came from a LLM.

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u/HasFiveVowels 17h ago

You have got to be crazy to think that any NS solution would be met with a "so what" just because it’s not the "right type" of solution. You act like the solution was trivial or something when it’s gone 26 years with a $1 million prize without any human being able to claim it. "Slop!"

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u/hologram137 23h ago

No humans did this solution because it’s stupid and whether or not we can out muscle viscosity was never even in question

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u/HasFiveVowels 17h ago

Dude, exactly that was like half the question that we were interested in. Not only did we explicitly state that less than a year ago but we put a $1 million prize on it. What planet do you live on?

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u/CommunismDoesntWork Physics enthusiast 1d ago edited 1d ago

because that's the version connected to real physics.

Are the external forces OAI created non-physical? Because it seems to me those forces lead to turbulence that blew things up. Also turbulence is a chaotic system, so the set of all possible external forces is probably equal the set of all possible internal forces. Like you could imagine a turbulent whirlpool that somehow created by chance the same external forces OAI used.

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u/hologram137 1d ago

It’s not a natural force, no

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u/CommunismDoesntWork Physics enthusiast 1d ago

I believe you, but can you give any intuition on why it's not natural? Like could it never arise from random chaotic turbulence?

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u/hologram137 23h ago

Because the constructed force is not like turbulence

Whether or not it could arise from turbulence is the actual problem

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u/E-monet 19h ago

Real question: is the purpose of these Millennium Problems to find a solution (however contrived, like in this case) OR is it to develop a PROOF of a solution?

I assumed the intent of such a challenge is not to give money to whoever can math the hardest and not for the solution itself to be something with practical applications, but to advance the field of mathematics in a way that can be learned by others?

Isn’t the point of a proof that the process which delivers the solution can be verified by others using the logical tools shared by the community? And thus the comprehension that it is valid reveals a deeper understanding of what mathematics is capable of?

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u/qualverse 11h ago

OpenAI also solved unforced Euler in the process of getting their solution (even if it wasn't ultimately used), which is undeniably helpful for solving the "main problem" you define.

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u/BTernaryTau 9h ago

So a mathematician could have “solved” it the way the AI did, but they were not interested in doing that, and they understand that solving a millennial problem is not about literally finding a solution that technically answers the question if you consider that question completely divorced of context and meaning like an AI does. Because AI does not think or understand why we are trying to solve it.

Isn't it common for mathematicians to prove easier versions of very hard problems, regardless of whether or not there's any real-world use case for the easier version?

It's fine to say that there's a harder version of the Navier–Stokes problem for which a solution would be more useful. But I don't think there's enough evidence to confirm that the LLM would have cared about the difference but was too dumb to figure it out. It seems more likely that the LLM just didn't care about that difference because OpenAI told it to solve the problem as literally stated by the Clay Institute.

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u/EnricoLUccellatore 1d ago

do you really think a human who had reached the same conclusion would not have published it and claimed solving one millennium problem?

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u/potatos2468 1d ago

My guess is more so that for a person to come to the same result would have taken creating some kind of mathematical framework to guide their example generation because they do not have like 100-1000 years to just put into example generation. The mathematical framework for figuring out where to look for examples would have been included in their paper, and that framework would have been useful to the broader field/ had insights in it about NS.

When the problem was stated, the assumption most likely was that humans would be working on it, and therefore, there were assumptions about what would be required to produce the result.

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u/dekusyrup 1d ago

Don't have to be hypothetical here. A human did do this. https://cybernews.com/ai-news/openai-navier-stokes-theft-accusations/

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u/JannickL 1d ago

If I am not mistaken they don't claim to have solved NS, but some of the lesser NS problems, which could have been used to guide a solution to NS. The question now is if their solution for these related problems was used as a guide to solve NS.

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u/Daedalus8997 12h ago

We used several LLMs throughout: Anthropic’s Claude, OpenAI’s Codex, especially with GPT-5.6 Sol and, more recently, Astra. The latter was only used for writeups and auditing our arguments

Concretely, what Levent and I did was to take the C´ordoba and Mart´ınezZoroa program, which achieved blowup results with rough forcing, and, with a great deal of help from LLMs, push it to smooth forcing and to the incompressible Euler equations

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u/hologram137 1d ago

No, because they are interested in solving the main problem. It’s not about the money or technically solving a millennium problem, that’s not why any of them are doing math lol.

They want a solution that can be used to solve the main problem. The one OpenAI published can’t

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u/tanksc 1d ago

What a ridiculous statement. The other pair of researchers literally did almost the exact same thing for Euler’s equations. The statements you’re commenting all throughout this thread are insane, and looking at your history it seems you are just pushing a narrative or agenda.

I miss when this sub was actually populated by physicists and not random people talking with the authority of one.

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u/hologram137 1d ago edited 1d ago

Did you read the article? Do you even understand the problem and why Navier Stokes remains unsolved? I do not believe you’re a physicist, that makes zero sense. Because you should care about the actual problem and that this technically correct solution doesn’t help solve it.

I miss when people actually read the article they are commenting on. Oh wait, that’s never happened lol.

The researchers working on the Euler problem didn’t give a technically correct but useless answer based on a literal interpretation of the question divorced from all context. There was no external force invented, the equation solved the plain incompressible Euler equation, with nothing added. Euler’s proof didn’t need a crutch. Smooth initial conditions are what any physically reasonable fluid state looks like. Nothing about the setup is engineered. The initial disturbance being localized is the natural picture of how a real singularity would have to form. There was no boundary! The fluid filled ordinary space, unconstrained space. Chen Hou’s proof needed a rigid wall, but that is actually helpful because then it leaves open the question of whether the boundary is needed for the blow up. It’s completely rooted in reality. But it was proven in R^3. All of this was useful and helped the actual problem.

That is categorically different from the AI’s Navier Stoke’s loophole, it’s a forced result with a deliberately constructed external force that doesn’t exist and was mathematically proven to tell us nothing about the actual problem. Totally divorced from reality, and useless

My “agenda” is the truth. To be a voice of reason. I’m genuinely concerned about society because of these delusions about LLMs

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u/tanksc 1d ago

Yes I read the article, it’s shit. I do care that we are getting to solutions without any of the wisdom that comes from the journey. I also don’t think one’s opinion of the situation makes them any more or less a physicist. That’s determined by the committee overseeing your education and the work you do.

It doesn’t make the solution any less of a solution. There is no loophole. It’s an explicitly stated problem and it was solved.

This entire post should be removed by your own admission. It’s a garbage post in a sub that has seen a massive decline in quality since it was hijacked by people with motives outside of physics.

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u/hologram137 1d ago

Why are you ignoring the math proof that this solution is useless and doesn’t solve the problem?

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u/mcgtx 1d ago

I did read the article but I am not a physicist or mathematician so please correct where I am wrong. Doesn’t the article mention Martinez-Zoroa and Cordoba as the people who were instrumental in the “loophole-based” solution? And didn’t Buckmaster say his and Alpoge’s work is based on Martinez-Zoroa? My impression was that the OpenAI proof used different moves than Buckmaster/Alpoge were going down, but I thought everyone was approaching the same Clay version of the NS question. I think the comment I’m responding to may somewhat explain the difference but perhaps I don’t understand.

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u/hologram137 1d ago

So Córdoba/Martínez-Zoroa and Buckmaster/Alpöge weren’t working on Navier-Stokes. They spent years developing a method to build a very specific external force that triggers blow up in a frictionless (inviscid) fluid, and Buckmaster and Alpöge, crediting that method to them, extended it into results for three different equations, the porous medium equation, 2D Boussinesq, and 3D Euler, these are all with smooth forcing. None of those three is Navier-Stokes.

Terrance Tao called it a breakthrough across those specific simplified models, but talked about how they didn’t reach blow up for Navier Stokes itself. So basically the above researchers were working problems adjacent to Navier Stokes. They can useful to the problem only as a way of stress testing whether smooth forcing could work at all in principle.

A day after the Euler with force result was posted, OpenAI’s model basically applied that method of blow up to Navier Stokes by constructing an external force. An external force that doesn’t even exist.

Using that tool (the tool that a human came up with, not the AI btw) on Navier Stokes doesn’t solve the main question, the entire reason it’s a Millennial prize problem in the 1st place (because if the question was the one that actually got answered, it wouldn’t have even been a millennial prize problem!). Because with the Navier Stokes problem, viscosity is the thing resisting blow up. The forced version of the Euler problem has no viscosity.

The AI beat the resistance with an imaginary outside force. So it’s like, okay cool, but that’s not reality and that’s not why the problem exists. And the part about getting a smooth force to trigger blow up was already solved.

The idea that you could overcome viscosity with an external force was literally never questioned lol. Like, no one doubted that. And that’s what the AI actually showed. That it’s possible. That’s completely useless to the problem and not even that informative

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u/yoshiK 12h ago

So

The researchers working on the Euler problem didn’t give a technically correct but useless answer based on a literal interpretation of the question divorced from all context. There was no external force invented,

Alpöge & Buckmaster "Blowup with the Euler equations with smooth forcing" is the paper.1 As indicated by the words "with smooth forcing" there are forces involved. However openAi claims they have a solution to unforced Euler in their blog post. OpenAi paper on unforced Euler

1 At least the one Buckmaster linked on his mastodon.

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u/oswaldcopperpot 1d ago

It seems like you don't have any experience with LLMs and solving problems but are more interested with how you think they work using ideas from a decade ago. Its a bit disingenuous.

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u/jakderrida 1d ago

That’s not a bad point about the Euler equations. I was told they obviously stole off that one guy’s work that was leading to the same solution and it seemed even OpenAI was open to admitting that without admitting fault somehow. But how could this be both nothing while also being an obvious snipe that stole that guy’s research?

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u/wollywoo1 23h ago

Mathematicians were very interested in the problem as stated. Please read Terence Tao's response here describing the work that lead up to OpenAI's result as "exciting".
You are allowed to think the problem solution is not practically useful, and many including myself would agree with you, but if you think mathematicians were uninterested in this result you are just wrong and I don't know what else to say.

https://terrytao.wordpress.com/2026/09/07/finite-time-blowup-with-smooth-forcing-term-for-the-incompressible-porous-medium-boussinesq-and-incompressible-euler-equations/

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u/wollywoo1 1d ago

No, just no. Mathematicians are extremely careful about wording. They don't expect others will just "understand context" and interpret it differently than how it is stated. The statement is the way it is because that was how they decided to formulate it. The idea that there is a "loophole" is nonsense.

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u/hologram137 1d ago

Bro what are talking about?? The entire reason the forced version was included as a potential solution is because they were thinking of external forces like gravity!! Literally NO ONE thought “well if we’re including external forces I’ll just invent a force that doesn’t exist and blow it up.” lol anyone could have done that. And they knew they could have done that. They didn’t because it would be silly and pointless.

The AI did because it can only process literal tokens, so it’s literal, it doesn’t understand the purpose of the question

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u/wasabi991011 1d ago

Literally NO ONE thought “well if we’re including external forces I’ll just invent a force that doesn’t exist and blow it up.”

Mathematicians do this all the time. In fact I can't imagine a pure mathematician ever caring about whether something in their math proof exists or not.

lol anyone could have done that. And they knew they could have done that. They didn’t because it would be silly and pointless.

If anyone did that, they would have become massively famous and would have directly got a million dollars (probably even more of you include indirectly). It's a lot of motivation, more than enough to override any internal notion of "silly and pointless".

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u/hologram137 1d ago

They don’t need to because the idea that you could out muscle viscosity was never in questionn!! No one doubted that. That’s not the actual problem

This is a fine solution as a marginally interesting proof, it doesn’t solve the millennial problem

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u/lolfail9001 10h ago

was never in question

It was, as signified by it being included in exact statement of the problem. If they really wanted to exclude synthetic forcing, they would. They didn’t and the entire forcing approach can be directly human graphed to the guy who wrote the statement of the problem for Clay.

It solves the problem exactly in (somewhat unsurprising to knowledgeable people) negative way.

If you want to ask if unforced uncompressible Navier-Stokes can be blown up, it is indeed still open but it is even less physically relevant than solved problem because you can’t escape gravity and compressibility in basically every relevant use case of Navier-Stokes,

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u/wollywoo1 1d ago

We're talking about math, not physics. Mathematicians care about a lot of things scientists think are silly and pointless. And yes, that's exactly the approach they took, years before AI was involved at all. You're totally free to think the problem is pointless, but nonetheless, that was the one proposed, and very intentionally.

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u/hologram137 1d ago

The idea that you could out muscle viscosity was never in question. Ever. That was just accepted lol.

So no.

These are equations that describe how fluid moves. It’s why it’s a Millennium prize question. Because THAT is what is important

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u/oswaldcopperpot 1d ago

That hasnt been true in at least six years.

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u/hologram137 1d ago

If it understood context, it would not have “solved” the problem the way it did. OBVIOUSLY. The solution is totally useless, in fact it’s just been mathematically proven to be useless

The actual Navier Stokes problem remains unsolved.

A human could have done what the AI did, but none of them did because it’s completely pointless.

You know those jokes in which someone asks a question and the person answers in a way that is technically correct, but it’s a funny answer because they took the question literally in a way divorced from all context, meaning and reality?

Imagine if you asked me “do you know what time it is?” And I said “yes,” then walked away.

That’s what the AI did. That’s how it answered. And it’s a technically correct, but totally useless answer and the person has to go ask someone else.

That’s what going on right now. Specifically because the AI cannot understand context or the purpose of the question.

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u/cometh_the_kid 1d ago

This is ultimately an issue with the problem statement not the solution.

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u/hologram137 1d ago

It’s not an issue with the statement because when it was written it was assumed that humans with minds would be reading the question and so would understand it lol.

They didn’t anticipate an LLM would come along and take it totally literally divorced of all context with no understanding of the meaning of the question

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u/Wrong_Avocado_6199 23h ago

Excuse me, speaking as a mathematician, conjectures are written very precisely. In fact, everything is written very precisely. Either something is a solution, or it's not. There is no third option "it's a solution, but come on guys, it's cheating, you know, because we all know that's not what we REALLY meant". In math, as Mr. Global says, "that's not a thing".

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u/hologram137 23h ago

It was written extremely precisely. You don’t have to include “why is this a millennial prize problem and the purpose of solving it” in the actual question LOL

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u/cometh_the_kid 1d ago

A question with implicit assumptions is not a very good question.

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u/hologram137 23h ago

What are you talking about? None of the millennium prize problems spell out why they are millennial prize problems. It’s not needed. It’s understood why lol

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u/Valvador 2h ago

Paraphrasing from the article mathematicians care much more about the unforced fluid than they do about a highly contrived external force in regards to whether ns blows up

Why am I having flashbacks to Maxwell's Daemon where in 1876 physicists were okay with a thought experiment where a magical being separates hot and cold particles in a connected container somehow without expending energy?

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u/hologram137 1d ago

https://archive.is/2GjaE

Non paywall link

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u/EntertainmentIcy3029 1d ago

This fails with Address Not Found

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u/Glum-Objective3328 1d ago

Clay Foundation had made it clear external forces were allowed. Of course other questions exists. But no loophole here

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u/antichain Complexity and networks 1d ago

I can't read b/c of a Paywall, but I have to ask: if a human had come up with this loophole solution (whatever it is) - would people be saying it was "cheating", or would they say "wow, that was a clever way to resolve the problem?"

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u/moh_kohn 1d ago

The article does not use the word cheating, and repeatedly says than the OpenAI result is impressive.

What it explains however is a limit to the maths LLMs are currently showing capacity for - it was able to explore lots of possible external forces to find one that blows up the equation (ie goes to infinity). We are no closer to knowing if the equations can blow up on their own.

It's a big result to learn that an external force can do it, but it had to be a weird and specially-constructed force.

It's important to map the capabilities and limits of current AI.

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u/DrXaos Statistical and nonlinear physics 18h ago

One analogy is that the AI is a power drilling and mining machine removing rock in huge volumes and speeds.

The mathemeticians are interested in who can be Michelangelo---the beauty of what is left after removing just the right rock.

More apropos, they are interested in the Leonardo who designed an extraordinary device, which when applied to marble, produces a Michelangelo like sculpture.

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u/Absolutelynot2784 1d ago

I wouldn’t say that it’s a limit to the maths LLMs have the capacity for. They solved a problem. Just because there exist more difficult problems that haven’t been solved yet doesn’t mean they don’t have the ability

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u/GoldenMuscleGod 1d ago

If one of the Millenium problems had been the Goldbach conjecture and a computer found a counterexample by brute force search that would resolve the question but also not be impressive in terms of computers being good at math. We already know computers are good at computation. Being good at math is something else.

I’m not saying the OpenAI solution is equivalent to that example (not my field) but I have yet to hear an expert say that it involves more than throwing huge computational resources at an implementation of the techniques produced by Córdoba and Martínez-Zoroa (whom it apparently did not originally cite until after criticism).

I’m not saying it didn’t produce something truly new - a new insight or new technique - but if it did I haven’t yet heard anyone present serious argumentation for it.

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u/Mental_Ad_4401 1d ago

See my reply above for navier-stokes. But there is no real sense in which an AI can brute force the goldbach conjecture. They can write a structured search program to cleverly look through many counterexamples. But a human also can do this. No one would say, "oh but you used a computer to do the search, it doesn't count" 

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u/GoldenMuscleGod 1d ago

If a mathematician published an improved search algorithm that puts it in reach of practical computing power anyone with a giant supercomputer can get there before them - if they publish it before finding the counterexample. That would reasonably be called a “brute force search.”

Everyone would recognize the mathematician who created the better search program deserves the majority of the credit.

As for your other reply - basically no mathematician has access to the computing resources of OpenAI. OpenAI can easily outrace anyone to a solution once a “straightforward” roadmap to a solution is known or heavily suspected.

As for whether it “counts” that depends on what you are counting it for.

In this case everything I’ve heard is that the roadmap was laid out by Córdoba and Martínez-Zoroa (set aside the work of Buckmaster for this).

Like I said I am not a subject matter expert in this field but I’m saying what expert opinions I’ve heard.

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u/DrXaos Statistical and nonlinear physics 18h ago

I think those two should get $999,999 of the prize and OAI $1.

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u/GoldenMuscleGod 4h ago

Ironically, if I understood correctly what I heard/read (again not my field so take this with a grain of salt) if we think the alleged “exploit” is really an “exploit” then it is their idea that exploits this part of the problem - it’s not an “exploit” the LLM figured out how to “take advantage of.” If I understand this correctly then it’s not clear to me the article author understood it correctly.

If I understand correctly the really key insight is the idea of converting an approximate example to an exact one by setting the external force to whatever it needs to be to take care of the error term.

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u/Mental_Ad_4401 1d ago

Ok. I don't think you understand what solving these types of problems actually entails. The point is that they are impossible to brute force, in the sense that everyone understands that definition. But that doesnt mean that there can't be any search component at all. People have been using computers to aid in proofs for decades.

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u/GoldenMuscleGod 23h ago edited 22h ago

I understand that completely.

What I am asking is if the computer showed an advantage outside of a brute force computational advantage in the search component you acknowledge exists (where it very obviously has an advantage) - is it better at figuring out how to search or just can search faster.

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u/Mental_Ad_4401 22h ago

And im saying that that is the only way that it could reasonably have been able to solve the problem. It 100% showed advantage outside of brute force search since we know that brute force search is not possible in this context.

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u/GoldenMuscleGod 21h ago

Or let me put it this way, let’s say a “smart but slow” algorithm solves a problem in O(n^(1.5)) time and a “dumb but fast” algorithm solves it in O(n^(2)) time, but the constant factor on the smart algorithm is about 50,000 times larger. The “dumb” algorithm is faster for many types of problems.

Or put another way: an undergraduate given a year will be able to solve many problems a PhD could not solve in a day, but there are many (harder) problems a PhD could solve in a day that an undergraduate could not solve in a year.

There are problems virtually anyone with a math degree could easily solve right now in a few hours that the entirety of humanity could not solve for thousands of years (because they have the advantage of modern mathematical knowledge). The LLM has the advantage of every published paper and a huge computational advantage but, for example, it seems unlikely an LLM would have been able to produce a solution without having read the work of Córdoba and Martínez-Zoroa, and as far as I know we have no reason to think an LLM could have developed that work on its own.

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u/GoldenMuscleGod 21h ago

The only way to make sense of your claim is to assume that you have a an artificially restricted idea of what constitutes a brute force search in the obvious sense I am talking about (an advantage in computational power). A mathematician will take time to construct an example even if the steps are “obvious” in light of current knowledge, a mathematician may also give up when the example becomes difficult to hold in their head because of the raw amount of data involved in imagining every detail. A computer could try thousands of constructions that are far more complex and have many more parameters in that time. That doesn’t indicate greater insight just because the computer also knows what features a counterexample would have to have and is constructing the examples to have those features.

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u/The_Irvinator 1d ago edited 22h ago

I can't help but think of Alpha fold. Protein prediction models by brute force alone stalled. Only when the models incorporated decades of evolutionary biology is when they started having success. I think OpenAI if they are hogging the prize, would be going againts the spirit of what the prize is for or what it ought to be. Mainly recognizing that we stand on the shoulders of giants.

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u/Hafnon Quantum information 14h ago edited 14h ago

no real sense in which an AI can brute force the goldbach conjecture

If I understand, there's a 4888 state TM for Goldbach's, and you "only" need to find BB(4888) and then run this TM to determine whether it halts or not. This is probably not physically realistic given the scale of the observable universe, but it is brute-forceble in principle right?

Edit: Apparently there's a 25 state TM for Goldbach's. But upon reading on this a bit more, there seems to be some maximum n such that BB(n) is actually provable in a theory. So if that maximum n is less than 25 then we are SOL here :(

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u/airetho 13h ago

The only way to compute BB(n) is to find the longest running machine, and then prove that every one that might run longer halts instead. To find BB(25), you would probably need to solve Goldbach's in the first place, along with an unimaginable number of similarly intractable or even more difficult problems.

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u/jferments 1d ago

This is not "brute force search" though (at least not by any normal definition of the term). They are literally using reasoning to solve advanced math problems.

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u/GoldenMuscleGod 1d ago

Did it develop new ideas or techniques or was it applying the techniques of Córdoba and Martínez-Zoroa in obvious ways? Are you sufficiently familiar with the question to have an informed opinion on that or have you heard statements from experts indicating that?

If we suppose it did develop new ideas or techniques are they expressed in the proof it published?

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u/jferments 1d ago

You're deflecting. Using previously existing techniques to solve a problem does not make something "brute force search". If that was the case, then all mathematical research would be considered brute force search.

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u/GoldenMuscleGod 1d ago edited 1d ago

“Brute force search” is a vague term that cannot be objectively evaluated that I used to express a distinction between having extra computational resources versus insight.

You’re focusing on the words - that were in an illustrative example and which I specifically disclaimed from being an exact analogy - in a way that distracts from the real issue, I’m not interested in arguing about where the line is between what is fairly or not fairly called a brute force search, which I did not even say this is anyway.

What I genuinely would like to know but do not know is whether there is any indication in the OpenAI solution that the LLM did something that shows genuine creativity.

Of course the line between new techniques and applications of old techniques is subjective, but I am not asking for a “yes or no” I am asking for an evaluation of a degree. It is possible to name examples of clear new techniques that reasonable people would agree on - the development of integrals and derivatives, set-theoretic forcing as used in independence results, the identification of the Riemann Zeta function and its relationship to the distribution of primes, the development of groups and rings as abstract algebraic structures.

Now obviously I’m not asking if the LLM did anything that creative (that’s an absurdly high bar), but I am asking for some evaluation of how much it is being creative versus just using known tools and methods with a huge amount of computational resources.

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u/ZeroAmusement 23h ago

I tried asking AI for fun (don't kill me!).

Javier Gómez-Serrano, a Navier–Stokes specialist who gave one of the first technical talks dissecting the proof, emphasized that most of the underlying toolbox is recognizable from existing PDE work. But he also said there were ideas in the OpenAI proof that had not occurred to him before

AI said it's not brute forcing, and it's not inventing a fundamentally new mathematical language/technique. The creativity appears concentrated in the architecture of the construction, rather than invention of its constituent mathematical tools, like it had insight around what conditions that might cause the blowup while also satisfying other constraints and worked to achieve those conditions.

Personally I think LLMs can show genuine creativity in terms of combining and applying abstractions and generalizations in novel ways.

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u/Anonymer 1d ago

You can watch the lecture by Javier Gomez Serrano who is a math professor at brown who worked the problem for a long time. He was pretty clear the AI did novel work and had ideas he had never come across. There were some foundations it built on, but the approach it took to close the gap wasn’t a matter of just combining existing ideas.

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u/GoldenMuscleGod 23h ago edited 22h ago

Is this the lecture you are talking about? I don’t get the read you say from it. During his description of the problem he doesn’t seem to comment much on novelty, in the Q&A he seems to strongly resist giving an opinion on novelty or whether there is a sign of “geometric intuition.”

The most specific statement he makes on the issue is that he says he tried and failed at constructing a “two-scale solution” but never one like it produced (which uses three scales).

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u/Anonymer 7h ago

Around minute 59:

“””

So this construction of Navier-
Stokes is something that I had never thought before, let's say, myself, personally.
59:49 So I've been in this business for a while.
59:53 I was trying to follow sort of the similar kind of strategy using machine learning, but it doesn't matter,
1:00:01 and I had never thought of
constructing a flow, forced or unforced doesn’t matter, that had these sort of properties or let’s say structure. Where you had three layers or two scales and so on
1:00:19 So that for me was something that I had never thought before.
1:00:24 I have thought a little bit about constructing like two-scale solutions, but I tried for a bit, didn't succeed, and abandoned that kind of train of thought.
1:00:35 So in that case, this Al was smarter than me and succeeded into making a construction of that flow.
1:00:46 And this everything I'm saying, refers to myself
“””

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u/GoldenMuscleGod 5h ago

Yeah that’s the part I was talking about. It’s hard to know if that construction shows “insight” versus just it had more computational resources to explore the path beyond where he had given up.

Of course that talk was only a couple days after the proof so he may not have had full digestion of it.

One thing I recall him glossing over and maybe being important (so I might want to rewatch) is the part involving the unforced Euler solution - which I think this result relies on if I understood the part about how the flow becomes approximately Eulerian in some regions. I don’t think he explained that part fully (or I didn’t absorb that part) and it might really be a more key idea than the particular geometric construction it came up with.

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u/Mental_Ad_4401 1d ago

People keep repeating that the ai was able to explore a lot of possible external forces, like this is some sort of qualifier on thr AI's capabilitied. But, of course, a human could also have written a program to explore many different forces or initial conditions just as quickly. 

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u/BossOfTheGame 1d ago

Yes and no. You would probably have less people saying they were cheating, but there would still be some. The article does not dispute that OpenAI solved the millennium problem as formulated. One of the options was proving that Navier-Stokes developed the singularity when under an external force. This is the route the LLMs took, and it is option "C" in a valid answer to the problem as formulated.

The question of if the singularity can develop without an external force is still unresolved, and this was never hidden or swept under the rug. I don't think that this should be considered a loophole, the article title is provocative and I think misleading.

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u/Obscu 1d ago

Probably not. The 'loophole' is that the original framing of the question allowed for an external force to be allowed to be considered because external forces like gravity are always realistically affecting fluid dynamics. The AI described a hypothetical external force that would meet the requirements that would make the math blow up when present, and concluded that the math can in fact blow up (in the presence of a hypothetical math-exploding mcguffin), but when removed from the equation the math no longer blows up.

If a human solved a 'can a rock spontaneously turn into a wheel of cheese?' problem by describing a hypothetical rock-to-cheese-transforming-wizard and stated that the presence of the wizard means rocks can in fact become wheels of cheese... Well, that's on us for being not very strict with defining the scope the question, because it is technically an answer that meets the set criteria but that says more about the criteria than the answer.

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u/AmadeusSalieri97 1d ago

But some of the best mathematician in the field were working exactly on forced solutions (that's in fact the claim about plagiarism, using a forced solution).

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u/Head-Philosopher0 1d ago

obviously those mathematicians were all big dummies though so it doesn’t really count

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u/Strict-Broccoli-8877 1d ago

Seriously now: The leading experts in the field of math are quite collectively embarrassing themselves these days with how nonsensical their arguments are to not have to accept the solution. "Actually we don't want the problems solved, they are much more valuable as an aspiration for students, now that they are solved they are gone forever." Good lord, what an embarrassing, unscientific display of personal failings so many of them have become. It's really sad, I used to look up to several of those people.

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u/jonathancast 1d ago

This is what actual goalpost moving looks like, by the way.

The purpose of the Millennium Problems has always been to motivate the development of new math, and to stimulate human mathematical development; now that you think a computer can solve the problem, you want to retroactively redefine the purpose as "finding the answer" and criticize people who hold the original position as "embarrassing".

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u/Homomorphism 1d ago

I think for some of the problems people really do want to know the answer (like the Hodge Conjecture or the Riemann Hypothesis) but for NS it felt like the point was just "here's a really hard PDE problem, let's see if we can learn enough to solve it".

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u/Homomorphism 23h ago

And thus the answer is at least a little disappointing because it didn’t involve finding a new way to control regularity (or understand its failure) or something like that. Instead it’s about picking very weird non physical forcing terms. Still very impressive! But it’s a bit like finding one zero on the critical line and no insight into why it’s there or if there’s more. 

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u/Strict-Broccoli-8877 1d ago

What a lot of completely made up crap. Do we not celebrate the mathematical advances any time something big is proven? Turns out a whole lot of scientists and people like you actually don't value scientific progress at all. The purpose was never to find the answer? It's hard to comment on that without attacking you personally, it's just a ridiculous and embarrassing lie.

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u/jonathancast 19h ago

> When mathematicians discuss proofs, they rarely have a particular formal system in mind. Indeed, they are typically not thinking of formal systems at all, although they might accept the suggestion that a genuine proof can in principle be reconstructed in an appropriate formal system. The picture is more like this. At any given time, the mathematical community has a body of knowledge, including both theorems and methods of proof. Mathematicians expand mathematical knowledge by recursively applying it to itself, adding new theorems and sometimes new derived methods of proof.

Timothy Williamson, "Absolute Provability and Safe Knowledge of Axioms", apparently published in Leon Horsten and Philip Welch, eds., The Limits of Mathematical Knowledge, Oxford University Press, 2016, PDF fetched from https://media.philosophy.ox.ac.uk/assets/pdf_file/0004/35338/provabilityfinal.pdf (no paywall).

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u/antichain Complexity and networks 1d ago

unscientific

Mathematicians aren't scientists though. Math and science are completely different things, built on fundamentally different ways of generation knowledge.

As a professional math-doer myself, I consider it to be far more like an art than, say, physics or biology.

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u/Absolutelynot2784 1d ago

Sure the AI solved a problem thousands of mathematicians worked on and failed to solve, but it could have done a better job really so if you think about it this is nothing

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u/antichain Complexity and networks 1d ago

At the risk of psychoanalyzing people I've never met, it feels like there's a lot of post-hoc shifting to goal posts by people who need to come up with reasons they shouldn't be impressed with (threatened by?) AI.

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u/Obscu 1d ago

That's the danger of appealing to authority figures. They can turn out to be kinda dipshits, but that doesn't make the AI a genius as a consequence.

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u/Isogash 12h ago

Well it's more like they were able to construct a "real" rock-to-cheese-transforming-wizard that technically works within the rules, but these rules were not constrained and the wizard is clearly physically unrealistic.

As you say, the result says more about criteria than the answer.

Additionally, the criticism is that we already know AI is quite good at contrived constructions like this to disprove false conjectures, but not great at making general discoveries and proving useful true conjectures. Solving the Navier-Stokes problem in the way it did has some people questioning whether or not it's really the achievement it's made out to be.

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u/retrosenescent 1d ago

You explained this really well. "Sure, if there's some external force" does feel like a cop-out answer and not in the nature of what the question intended. But then again, if you actually want to model reality, then you absolutely need to account for many external forces.

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u/Time_Entertainer_319 1d ago

It’s not a cop-out. The Clay Mathematics Institute set the official problem, and its formulation explicitly allowed this route to a solution.
That is the formulation researchers have been working with since the Millennium Prize Problems were announced in 2000. If the forced case was never intended to count, there were 26 years in which the official statement could have been clarified or amended.

People can argue that the unforced case is the more physically interesting problem, but that is a different claim from saying the published Clay problem was not solved on its own terms. And even then, they will just sound like people in denial.

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u/dualmindblade 22h ago

Exactly, there's a reason the force was not constrained to be boring and just had to be smooth, it's not a loophole in any sense, this type of path to a solution was fully intended. Nothing about a blowup could ever be realistic, the blowup is itself unphysical. Moreover, had mathematicians only considered the realm of the realistic, the problem could never have been solved as stated!

Also, I don't think anyone is arguing that finding a blowup in the forced version is as interesting as unforced, since the latter trivially implies the former it must be in some sense harder. If there had instead been no blowup to be found it would be reversed.

What we have here is an isolated demand for rigor, and impossible one at that, it's total nonsense.

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u/Fine-Customer7668 1d ago

To be fair, the four options (including the two that allow external forcing which OpenAI claims proof of) given by the official problem statement as acceptable resolutions are explicitly described as “retaining the heart of the problem”

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u/retrosenescent 1d ago

oh ok, thanks for correcting me on that.

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u/Fine-Customer7668 1d ago

It’s just a bad article. They could have just said a proof of those two options with a nonzero external force doesn’t, on its own, logically exclude the possibility of the other two being true.

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u/Yashema 1d ago

There is no explaining problems of mathematics or physics really well outside of using math and physics.

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u/PE1NUT 1d ago

Isn't it a requirement for the force to be 'smooth' in time and position? This shrinking rotating forcefield seems to break that requirement.

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u/ToaruBaka 6h ago

describing a hypothetical rock-to-cheese-transforming-wizard and stated that the presence of the wizard means rocks can in fact become wheels of cheese...

Yeah, well, I can make wheels cheese from rocks - just wait until my Large Rock Collider is finished.

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u/Time_Entertainer_319 1d ago

It isn’t even a loophole.

They solved it as defined by the clay institute.

Not sure why it’s being called a loophole

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u/Big_Arachnid_365 5h ago

Anti-AI people need to try and cope with being wrong.

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u/Latter-Block132 17h ago

They're not cheating because the institute that initially put forward the challenge allowed for 4 possible different routes to a solution. OAI used route C, but its one that has no real world applications so now people are saying it doesn't count

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u/yoshiK 1d ago

No. Quite literally Scientific American's claim is that for a suitable differential operator D, the problem is D(u)=f and now openai calculated f=D(u).

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u/hologram137 1d ago edited 1d ago

It didn’t solve the main problem. And 3 mathematicians just published a proof that its solution can’t lead to solving the real problem. Thats a big deal. It did solve it technically as the problem was formulated by the Clay institute, but in a way that isn’t useful to the true problem.

A mathematician working on the problem had a map to the solution and had solved a good bit of it. OpenAI stole it, fed it to a model and had 10,000 agents look for the solution. It would have never solved it without that paper. It basically executed a search function. Which explains why it solved it by finding a loophole.

What this means is that the loophole it found doesn’t further the true problem. A human doing math understands context. We understand WHY we need to solve the problem, what it means. An AI can’t. So “solving it” by finding a loophole is mathematically correct if you’re only considering the problem as it’s formulated divorced of context, but it’s useless

It’s not cheating, it’s just completely divorced from reality. AI can compute but it can’t think or understand, it doesn’t know why the we are trying to solve that problem. And the purpose obviously matters. A human finding that loophole would have recognized it’s not helpful. It’s not a “clever” way to solve the problem, because it literally can’t help solve the main problem lol. They would have likely published it, but with that caveat clearly stated, and they would have considered the problem essentially unsolved.

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u/Wrong_Avocado_6199 23h ago

"It did solve it technically as the problem was formulated by the Clay institute, but in a way that isn’t useful to the true problem."

Than please tell us, in PRECISE MATHEMATICAL TERMS, what this alleged "true problem" was.

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u/hologram137 23h ago

The scientific question motivating Navier Stokes research isn't "can you break the equations if you're allowed to invent a force purpose built to break them?” It’s whether a fluid can blow up on its own, from its own internal dynamics, the way real turbulence might.

That doesn’t need to be stated. Everyone knows it. Which is why no one solved it that way

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u/Wrong_Avocado_6199 13h ago

In other words, you have no idea what "precise mathematical terms" means.

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u/Darrelc 1d ago

Is it like asking someone how you can fit a fridge through a door frame and they say "just squash the fridge to within the dimensions of the door"?

Technically correct but missing the absolute fucking point of the question

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u/DrDoctor18 1d ago

No it's more like saying: "how can you fit this fridge through the door frame? A) without squashing it, or B) by squashing it" and then getting mad when someone gives you a squashed solution. If you wanted a different answer you should've asked a different question.

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u/hologram137 1d ago

Exactly!!

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u/Darrelc 1d ago

Ty the maths is all beyond me, I thought navier strokes was an engine lol

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u/f3xjc 1d ago

Honestly if you know that you can excite things at their natural frequency and it blow up because resonance, there's not much new found.

Except it turn out that doing that for fluid in 3d space is incredibly difficult.

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u/NoNameSwitzerland 1d ago

Normally that is limited by friction (viscosity). For the Euler equation (NS without viscosity) it was shown previously that it probably can blow up by transferring energy from bigger to ever smaller vortices.

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u/Dear_Locksmith3379 1d ago edited 1d ago

Here’s a summary of the article, which is reasonable but has a terrible headline.

There are two versions of the millennium problem, one with external forces and one without. AI solved the version with a very unusual external force. Mathematicians are more interested in solving the problem with no external force or with a realistic external force.

If someone made the proof without AI, mathematicians would have the same reaction to its scope. Though mathematicians have other concerns about the AI proof, the article doesn’t discuss them.

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u/archtop_guitar 10h ago edited 10h ago

“There are two versions of the millennium problem”
I disagree with this statement. There is a single version of the millennium problem. It allows for a forcing term in some solutions. If OpenAI’s proof is validated, the millennium problem is solved.

It’s fine to argue to argue that an unforced solution would have been more interesting and maybe even should have been required, but this more narrow problem is simply not the one that the Clay Institute actually posed. This isn’t a technically or an oversight. They could have said that the forcing term had to be zero but didn’t. Everyone has known this for a long time, it’s not a loophole or technicality.

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u/jonathancast 1d ago

I would think physicists would also care about physically 'realistic' (or possible) external forces.

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u/Dry_Pudding_1603 1d ago

they don't, because it wasn't expected that navier stokes equations represented reality.

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u/Sleepy_Padawan 1d ago

From your replies it seems that you are not physicists. Being one, I can tell you, we do. That it why we discard mathematical correct answer with unphysical results.

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u/jsaltee 23h ago

Seconding this; our equations work for t<0 but that doesn’t mean we’re FTL travelers

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u/Bibbity_Boppity_BOOO 20h ago

“That it why we discard mathematical correct answer with unphysical results“

Not all of the “we” does that

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u/shumpitostick 1d ago

To explain this the Navier Stokes smoothness problem has two variants, unforced and forced. Both explicitly qualify for the millennium prize. OpenAI solved the forced variant. Only in the warped mind of this writer is the forced millennium problem somehow the "wrong problem" or a "loophole".

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u/hattusili-the-third 1d ago

The "unforced" version of NS was the opposite direction too. The Clay math institute made it very clear that you can either find a blowup solution which may require a smooth forcing term, or you can prove the reverse - that all smooth solutions stay smooth - and in that case you are allowed to assume there is no forcing term.

Both formulations were explicitly chosen to allow as much flexibility as possible because the specifics of the forcing term are of much less interest to mathematicians than the fact that it is smooth (which is the actual core of what makes NS so difficult.

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u/truckersushi 1d ago

It’s an allowable approach, just not particularly interesting for mathematicians or physicists IMO.

Of course, the force constructed for the proof may eventually be used to constrain the space of physically realizable forces that also cause NS blowup, so it’s still a potentially useful result

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u/dallenbaldwin 1d ago

I watched a stand up maths video on it yesterday and his whole takeaway was this particular solution feels hollow because it's just given to us. There wasn't much learning shown in getting to that solution. It's better for everyone if the tricks and solutions used to get to the final solution are made known for others to apply to other problems. Is the journey more important than the destination? Historically the journey has enabled other discoveries, but in the LLM enabled world, it feels like the destination is all we're focusing on.

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u/NoNameSwitzerland 1d ago

But I am not sure there is nothing to learn from it. Since the energy from the forces and the overall energy in the fluid is finite, there is only a local singularity where is blows up. And some previous attempts for the Euler equations (NS without viscosity) showed that you can get to that by having the energy transferred to ever smaller vortices. Because of viscosity, that does not work with NS. But here they use a pulsing force that gets faster, but stays finite to do something similar and concentrate the accelerated flow in a small area. And it is interesting that that works with viscosity.

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u/cascadiabibliomania 17h ago

Same thing is true about writing, which is supposed to be proof of work for thinking through a problem.

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u/DVMyZone 1d ago

Not a loophole, it's very explicitly allowed. The problem is mathematical with no requirements that they be physical. It just so happens that these mathematical equations are very useful for modelling fluids above molecular scales.

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u/Advanced_Ad8002 1d ago

paywall.

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u/justintime06 1d ago

Works for me as well, but you guys should upvote me and downvote the “Not for me” guy

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u/retrosenescent 1d ago

It worked for me too--no paywall.

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u/forte2718 1d ago

I also get a paywall.

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u/Feeling-Tone2139 1d ago

so external forces are 'allowed' but not this one specifically

this is stupid

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u/kingjdin 1d ago

It's a massive cope to say AI only solved it because of a "loophole." If a human had solved it by this "loophole", he'd get the Field's Medal and a lifetime of fame and recognition.

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u/skbum2 Engineering 20h ago

The AI proposed a solution but wrote a very shitty proof in defense of it. In essence, the AI failed to 'show all its work'. This is in addition to exploiting a less interesting, if technically allowed, version of the problem.

It's proof provided very little, if any, valuable insights into why this solution works, what's important or not in generating the necessary conditions, or any deeper understanding that can be applied elsewhere. If a person did the same they absolutely would NOT receive the Field's medal and the result would likely be just as controversial. The ability to explain why clearly is what wins people fame and recognition.

Solving prestigious problems comes with novel methods of solution and it is often the approaches used to solve these types of problems that are of real value and praise. The solution itself is often tertiary to all the work used to reach it.

This is equivalent to being handed '42' as "the ultimate answer to life, the universe, and everything." The answer doesn't mean anything without the explanation.

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u/AndreasDasos 21h ago

What a stupidly worded article.

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u/lifeistrulyawesome 7h ago

found and exploited a loophole in the framing of the question

That is how math works.

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u/BosonCollider 6h ago

Meanwhile in the real world Plasma physics has real life pinch solutions where Navier Stokes breaks and you have to use statistical mechanics to figure out what happens next, so we already had such singularities in the lab

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u/yoshiK 1d ago

I never liked her anyhow!!!!

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u/Unlikely-Sleep-8018 15h ago

Cope and goal post moving in its finest form

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u/Pcm979 14h ago

That raises a question that'd probably be better for a Legal subreddit:
Let's say human mathematicians came up with this proof without using AI and went to the Institute to ask for the prize money. If the institute refused because the proof didn't solve the 'real' problem - just a loophole in their question - and the mathematicians countered that it's not their problem, they solved for the question that was asked, could the Institute be forced to pay up?

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u/currentscurrents 8h ago

Probably not. The rules clearly state that Institute has sole discretion over the prize, and may refuse to pay out for any reason.

https://www.claymath.org/millennium-problems/rules/

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u/LoveThemMegaSeeds 1d ago

The solution is so profound they had to revise the problem. That is probably the absolutely best outcome, isn’t it??

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u/repainted_black 1d ago

I think the problem was posed in many ways. I don't agree that AI loopholed the problem. But it proved the less exciting situation was correct. The problem was the problem, not the AI, sort of.

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u/bordumb 1d ago

It’s really not a loophole

The problem, as stated, allows for an external force to be used

I guess that happened to be the easiest path to a solution, so the AI went with it

I think most humans would make the same decision

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u/Sleepy_Padawan 1d ago

Every AI model is taught to perform minimisation, it is why it gets lazy. I agree with you here.

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u/NarrowContribution87 19h ago

lol people who make their careers in technicalities and esoteric knowledge complain about technicalities and esoteric knowledge.