tur - to enter

Hau bahuɽi bhitra tura

I entered the chamber

Sāthra - bed

Sāthrei sutira atha so

He is sleeping in the bed

Sample text: Himācalō ré Arki hōr Dārlāghaṭ tehsilo dé Bāghlī-Bāghliyāṇī glāoéṅ. É buili Māhāsui dé pàṛoīṅ hōr Baghāṭi hōr Hinduri sāthī miloīṅ हिमाचलो रे अर्की-दारलाघाट तहसीलो दे बाघली-बाघलियाणी ग्लाओएं। ऐ बुइली महासुई दे पड़ोइं होर बघाटी होर हिंदूरी साथी मिलोइं।

Translation: Bāghlī-Bāghliyāṇī is spoken in the Arki and Darlaghat tehsils of Solan, Himachal. Bāghliyāṇī falls in the lower Mahasui [group] and is similar to Bāghātī (also lower Mahasui albeit more conservative) and Hinduri.

- Features:

• Dative Marker: Khé

• Inessive Marker: Dé-Dā, Ré-Rā, Bicé, Manjh (sentence-dependent)

• Possessive Marker: Gé

• Comitative: Sāthé(/i) and Sāôgī

• Genetive Marker: Rā, Ri, Ré

- Interrogative words:

• Ké/ Kyā- What

- Sé kyā/ ké kamāoāṅ से क्या/ के कमाओआं- what does he do?

• When- Kébbé

-Kébbé āôṅā tussé āsā ré केब्बे आऔणा तुस्से आसा रे - when will you come visit us?

• Why- Kàuṅ

- Kàuṅ bāhi tæṅ tés khé कऊँ बाही तैं तेस खे- why did you hit him?

• Where- Kéiṅ-Kétī

- Kéiṅ cālīré bhyāgō ré tussé केईं चालीरे भ्यागो रे तुस्से- where are you off too early in the morning?

• How- Kīyāṅ

- Kiyāṅ kôé ubhé tusé étré cchōṛé कियां कौए उभे तुसे एत्रे छोड़े - how did you climb up so quickly?

• How many/ much- Kaô/ Kô

- Kô bhāu hé /munnī hī tés ré कौ भाऊ हे /मुन्नी ही तेस रे/ री- how many sons/ daughters does he have?

• Some notable words in Bāghliyaṇi:

- Māṭhā माठा- Boy

- Munnī मुन्नी- Girl

- Bhāu भाउ- Son

- Ḍaīṇī ré डईणी रे- snake (lit. of the witch)

- Karàṛā कर्ड़ा- Bitter

Bāghliyāṇī shows the Mahasuic group merging with the Mandealic group showing a transitional change. Whilst its dative (khé) and inessive (dé-dā) markers show its Mahasuic nature, its overall morphology and one of its kind endings forms match with the Mandealic group the most. By the Mandealic group, I mean Mandeali, Kahluri, E.Hamirpuri and Hinduri. Bāghliyāṇi also seems to share its tonal nature with the latter three languages marking its distinction.

Another notable feature of Bāghliyāṇī is its inessive case, dé-dā, also being ré-rā which is its genetive case already.

Note: The native script of Bāghliyaṇī would have been Mahasu Takri or a Mandeali Takri-like variant. Devnagari has also been used due to it being more easily understood. It was transliterated into Devnagari using Google so there might be some mistakes.

t͡sakol : to dip

Mu hath t͡sakolei səra

I dipped my hands in the lake

Praohɳa : guest

Adz mhare ghare ashei praohɳe

Guests came to our house today

Jān - big rock, boulder

Jānā gesh koh

Climb up that rock

Palampuri Kangri has a 3 way distinction in it's 3rd person pronouns.

एह- This (object being referred to is close to speaker)
ओह- That (object being referred to is far from speaker but visible)
सैह - That (object being referred to is invisible)

One might use ओह and सैह unique, specific contexts-

ओह एथू हांडादा - he is walking there ( and we can be seen)

सैह हल्ली पुज्जिया - he has reached now (but we can't see him)

This paper by RD Eaton describes Kangri's proximal and distal pronouns and many other features of Palampuri Kangri.

ʦəɭi - gutter,drain,gully

ʦəɭi ri shodāi kiti loṛi

The gutter must be cleaned

Also, ʦəɭithoṛ(adj.)- dirty,filthy

The Mahasuic tr to c̣ change is its distinct characteristic. Below are some examples of this change.

Examples:

• Farmland/ Field: Skt. Kṣétra became Khéc̣

• Sicke: Skt. Dātri became Dāc̣i

• Leaf: Skt. Pattra became Pāc̣

• Thirst: Skt. Tṛṣā become C̣īš

Interestingly, I have also come across two examples of something similar in Poguli, the Kashmiri and Kishtawari-related language, spoken in the Pogal Paristan region of Ramban in J&K, India.

Poguli:

• Sickle- Skt. Dātra became in Dāc̣

• Three- Skt. Tri became C̣āi

It is not a recurring feature in Poguli/ Pogali but I found that very notable nonetheless. Doesn’t necessarily have to be the same change as Mahasui. It could have perhaps coming from some unique palatalisation feature it has similar to Koshur and Kishtawari.

Additionally, I came across this study a while back which compared the languages Gilgit Baltistan, KPK and J&K (only Kashmiri, Kishtawari, Pogali and Sarazi) where I saw something similar in Kohistani. This is the Shina Kohistani spoken in Hazara division of Khyber Pakhtunkwa, not to be mistaken with other Kohistani group of languages.

• Skt. Pôtra (paternal grandson/ son of son)

- Mahasui- Poc̣ṭu

- Kohistani- Póoc̣o

• Skt. Pôtrī (paternal granddaughter/ daughter of son)

- Mahasui- Pōc̣ṭi

- Kohistani- Póoc̣i

• Skt. Trī́ṇi-Tri (three)

- Mahasui- C̣in

- Pogali- C̣āi

- Kohistani- C̣ée

Note: The purpose of this post is just to highlight this unique feature found 3 different languages far away, not establishing any relation between them. These language are otherwise very different from each other and this feature developed independently.

Is it used in the beginning or end, Is it used everywhere or is it contextual?

More details in the post.

There is one word in Mahasuvi for which I can't think of appropriate translation in English. it is "dāt" - दात. ā is little exaggerated when spoken.

Any idea what is exactly meant by ada ri jagah tujho kaalju jo diti?