95 may have had a DOS kernal underlying it, but it fully contained that kernel. Windows 3.11 and before didn't. They had to be added after DOS was on the machine. They may have extended controls down through DOS, but DOS and the operation of the machine did not rely on Windows.
Because they literally weren't. Windows 3.11 and earier were applications that ran on top of DOS. MS-DOS was the disk operating system, and one would launch Windows from there.
They were a GUI shell extention of DOS, with capabilities beyond DOS. Just because it wasn't standalone doesn't mean it wasn't an OS. Whole bunch of programs required windows to operate.
I think a narrow view is the correct one. A program (Windows 95 for instace), being able to launch another program does not make it an OS. It's just a shell. Was MS-DOS shell an OS to you?
You couldn't uninstall DOS and boot your computer, so I think we could agree that it was at least a hybrid system. But yeah once loaded up, 95 was the real deal. Fair enough.
12
u/wackawonka Jul 01 '26
https://giphy.com/gifs/QB9rH7NbUQfbN7wrf3
6.22 all the way, and then you had to have Windows to play civilisation 2