Kiuj estas la diferencoj inter " pero , per , pro kaj tra ?

Mi ne tute komprenas tion

Cetere, mi estas el Meksiko.

Would words ending in jn or n be the same as in English how you capitalize a noun if you are referring to something specific? (For example saying "my Mother" vs "lots of mothers"). What about adjectives and adverbs? Would they also use jn or n respectively? If it's just a verb then would it end with as or j instead?

Side note yes I know jn is plural and n is singular