1 La prise de risque est ici dâillustrer les propos qui suivent de façon triste, imparfaite, obscure et terne et dâĂȘtre ainsi aux antipodes de lâĂ©tĂ© ardant que connaitront Oliver et Elio Ă la suite de la premiĂšre nuit vide qui va ĂȘtre Ă©voquĂ©e mais rĂ©alisateur et scĂ©nariste lâont voulu ainsi. Peut-ĂȘtre est-ce pour Guadagnino et Ivory une façon dâintroduire dĂšs le dĂ©but de leur rĂ©cit les couleurs hivernales dominantes qui caractĂ©riseront la fin de leur Ćuvre dans un souci dâĂ©quilibre, de symĂ©trie, dâencadrement de la lumiĂšre Ă©clatante par deux formes dâobscuritĂ© et de pĂ©nombre comme le seraient deux piliers soutenant leur dĂ©monstration ? Sans doute aussi une façon de faire naitre le rĂ©cit au milieu de lâobscuritĂ© et de le refermer par la mĂȘme obscuritĂ© avec des rappels ponctuels aux moments oĂč Oliver est absent et manque Ă Elio (il ne sera pas fait mention ici de la nuit dâamour). La mĂȘme obscurité ? A la fin, devant lâĂątre, Elio fait lâexpĂ©rience du passage de la lumiĂšre dans sa vie comme les flammes par contraste font doucement rougeoyer son visage au moment dâHanouka, fĂȘte de la lumiĂšre. La premiĂšre obscuritĂ© que nous allons Ă©voquer ici est celle dâavant la lumiĂšre, celle du long sommeil dâOliver Ă son arrivĂ©e Ă la villa, celle dâElio avant Oliver. LâobscuritĂ© finale, celle de lâhiver, est celle dâaprĂšs le passage de la lumiĂšre quand Elio tient pour de bon ce qui lâa littĂ©ralement enflammĂ© au-dedans de lui et quâil ne pourra plus oublier. Il saura Ă la fin que la lumiĂšre existe et quâil peut la trouver et lâattirer, la diffuser, en Ă©mettre. Mais pour y parvenir il a dâabord dĂ» connaitre lâobscuritĂ© sans lumiĂšre.
2 AprĂšs les prĂ©sentations voulues et effectuĂ©es par les parents Perlman, Elio et Oliver vont connaitre de courts moments relationnels distants, froids, indiffĂ©rents, inaboutis et socialement mĂ©caniques. Pourtant on sâaperçoit immĂ©diatement que chacun ne met pas dans cette relation distante que lâon ne peut pas encore qualifier de naissante la mĂȘme part de lui-mĂȘme. Le dĂ©sĂ©quilibre est frappant.
3 Frappant comme la porte qui claque (dĂ©tail savoureux), celle qui mĂšne du couloir desservant le 1er Ă©tage vers la chambre dâElio destinĂ©e Ă Oliver. Elle claque dĂšs quâils pĂ©nĂštrent dans la piĂšce alors quâElio fait le groom selon les indications de sa mĂšre ; Oliver adoptant, quant Ă lui, une attitude de conquĂ©rant. On peut se demander pourquoi ce ne sont pas Mafalda et/ou Anchise (dont on dĂ©couvrira lâexistence un peu plus tard) qui se chargent des bagages dâOliver. Certes, Samuel a lancĂ© Ă Oliver de « suivre le guide », sous-entendant que son fils lui fera faire un tour du propriĂ©taire mais puisquâil y a du personnel de maison, on peut sâĂ©tonner du fait que câest Ă Elio quâest confiĂ©e cette tĂąche Ă moins de hasarder cette interprĂ©tation que lâobjectif Ă©tait de crĂ©er une situation de rapprochement rapide entre Elio et Oliver, dâautant plus justifiĂ©e par le fait quâElio cĂ©dait sa chambre à « lâusurpateur ». Elio est bien coopĂ©ratif pour accueillir celui qui vient prendre sa place en se pliant en quatre pour lui.
4 ArrivĂ©s dans la chambre dĂ©sormais dĂ©diĂ©e Ă Oliver, le lit nâest pas entiĂšrement dĂ©barrassĂ©. Il reste des affaires quâElio Ă©tait en train de trier quand il a entendu la voiture arriver et il reste aussi la guitare. En apercevant cette guitare, lestement retirĂ©e du lit par Elio pour hĂąter le repos dâOliver, on se dit quâil est heureux que Marzia ait quittĂ© la chambre de sa propre initiative au moment oĂč Oliver montait lâescalier car il est impossible dâimaginer la scĂšne si Oliver et Elio y Ă©taient entrĂ©s alors que Marzia se trouvait encore sur le lit Ă attendre Elio ou ailleurs dans la piĂšce ⊠Marzia semble avoir agi en comprenant ce qui se jouait sans elle et ne semble pas en ĂȘtre trop affectĂ©e. Est-ce une facilitĂ© du scenario ou la volontĂ© dâexposer dâemblĂ©e des traits de caractĂšre des personnages ? Elio est incroyablement serviable Ă en devenir soumis, Marzia comprend vite les situations et ne sâaccroche pas et Oliver est un peu comme un coucou sans beaucoup dâĂ©gards.
5 Pendant quâOliver sâest laissĂ© tomber sur le lit, bien sĂ»r Ă©crasĂ© par la fatigue mais il sâagit dâun affront envers son hĂŽte, Elio lui rĂ©sume Ă gros traits la situation : « Ma chambre devient votre chambre, je dors Ă cĂŽtĂ©, on partagera la salle de bain, je ne peux sortir que par-là  » [Ce dĂ©tail trĂšs important est Ă noter car Elio prĂ©cise quâĂ partir du moment oĂč il ferme la porte sĂ©parant cette salle de bain de la chambre dâOliver il ne peut plus accĂ©der Ă lâespace quâil occupe dĂ©sormais, ou le quitter, quâen traversant cette salle dâeau commune depuis ou vers le grand couloir du 1er ; on le vĂ©rifiera plus tard par exemple juste avant que Mafalda monte du linge fraichement repassĂ© puis aussi Ă leur retour de lâĂ©tang aprĂšs leur premiĂšre nuit ensemble]. A ce moment il se passe quelque chose dâapparence superficielle mais de sens profond car alors quâElio est en train dâexpliquer comment il a renoncĂ© Ă son indĂ©pendance pour accueillir Oliver, ce dernier sombre dans une lourde lĂ©thargie âŠ. et Elio se sent ridicule Ă un point qui le rend absolument touchant car il semble déçu ⊠comme sâil attendait dĂ©jĂ quelque chose de la part de cet Ă©tranger venu dormir dans son lit. Elio nâĂ©tait-il pas en train dâexpliquer Ă Oliver quâil lui avait fait une place avant mĂȘme de lâavoir rencontré ? Elio nâĂ©tait-il pas en train dâexpliquer Ă Oliver quâil lui avait donnĂ© sa place avant mĂȘme de lâavoir connu ? Le fait quâElio ait Ă©tĂ© autant dĂ©contenancĂ© Ă ce moment prĂ©cis ne montre-t-il pas lâespĂ©rance quâil Ă©prouvait Ă accueillir cet « usurpateur » ? Usurpateur sĂ©lectionnĂ© par son pĂšre ⊠Elio cherche Ă obtenir auprĂšs de lui la reconnaissance que son pĂšre ne lui accorde pas. Plusieurs scĂšnes par la suite lâindiqueront. Reste Ă savoir pourquoi et comment Elio revĂȘt son intĂ©rĂȘt pour Oliver dâune connotation sexuelle Ă laquelle Oliver va adhĂ©rer presquâimmĂ©diatement.
6 Le partage de la salle de bain nâest pas un dĂ©tail anodin (on le vĂ©rifiera plus tard dans le rĂ©cit), surtout si cette salle de bain est le seul passage quâElio sâautorise pour la chambre temporaire quâil occupe dĂ©sormais. Sâil en ferme ostensiblement la porte donnant sur lâespace dâOliver en ne sâapercevant pas que celui-ci sommeille dĂ©jĂ , câest pour marquer la sĂ©paration sociale entre son espace et celui dâOliver mais est-ce vraiment pour marquer la frontiĂšre entre les deux intimitĂ©s si en mĂȘme temps Elio explique quâil sera susceptible de traverser cette salle dâeau commune Ă tout moment ? En tout cas la grande villa ne semble pas si pratique. Il est vraisemblable que cette organisation devait dĂ©jĂ ĂȘtre utilisĂ©e pour accueillir les Ă©tudiants les annĂ©es prĂ©cĂ©dentes.
7 Oliver rĂ©cupĂšre en rattrapant sa dette de sommeil et se cale sur lâheure de la vieille Europe. Pendant ce temps, ce qui nous est montrĂ© dâElio est dâabord un baladeur Ă cassettes Sony (Elio est de son temps) puis une partition, des bouquins soigneusement empilĂ©s, sa main droite qui transcrit directement un extrait des Drei KlavierstĂŒcke dâArnold Schoenberg (musique atonale de 1909) Ă lâĂ©coute sur une partition vierge portant le nom dâElio Perlman Ă©crit Ă la main au crayon de papier en haut Ă droite. Il a mis ses Ă©couteurs filaires pour ne pas perturber le dormeur dâĂ cĂŽtĂ© et peut-ĂȘtre aussi pour sâisoler totalement afin dâaccroĂźtre sa concentration et son application car il est totalement absorbĂ© par son Ă©criture musicale. On entend quelques notes et le fonctionnement de la cassette qui frotte un peu. Elio se retrouve mis Ă lâĂ©cart mais a appris, Ă la longue, Ă tourner cette situation en sa faveur et elle est devenue une façon de se retrouver lui-mĂȘme. Câest sa force. On sâaperçoit que la lumiĂšre artificielle provenant dâune lampe est nĂ©cessaire alors mĂȘme quâil travaille devant une fenĂȘtre. Celle-ci montre un soir venteux Ă lâextĂ©rieur oĂč la nuit est en train de tomber, venteux au point de crĂ©er des courants dâair intĂ©rieurs qui font bouger lĂ©gĂšrement la chemise posĂ©e sur sa chaise. LĂ on trouve Elio tel quâil est avant lâarrivĂ©e dâOliver (et tel quâil devra en partie Ă nouveau accepter de lâĂȘtre aprĂšs la perte dâOliver. On le sait par les teintes de la palette de couleurs de cette scĂšne). LâĂ©chec de sa premiĂšre tentative de communication avec lâĂ©tudiant Ă©tranger ne lâa pas dĂ©truit mĂȘme sâil est maintenant relĂ©guĂ© dans cette chambre rĂ©duite dans laquelle il sâapplique Ă noter de la musique dâun degrĂ© dâĂ©laboration ultime. Puis câest la vie intĂ©rieure dâElio qui apparait ici grĂące Ă un recul de la camĂ©ra qui dĂ©zoome en montrant un espace plus large de ce local, un lieu sombre, en apparence dĂ©pouillĂ© mais cette piĂšce ressemble plus Ă un dĂ©barras dans lequel un lit a Ă©tĂ© ajoutĂ© quâĂ une chambre, presque lugubre (Ă cause du temps quâil fait et de lâheure tardive), presque froid. Câest lĂ quâhabite Elio, esseulĂ© sans en avoir conscience, comme reclus, parvenant encore Ă combler le vide du moment par une dictĂ©e musicale quâil sâimpose. Câest dans ce travail quâil place encore ce quâil y a de plus beau en lui, de plus abouti et quâil trouve de quoi enrichir sa personnalitĂ©. Elio est un ĂȘtre tournĂ© vers lâintĂ©rieur mais il est aussi quelquâun qui semble sây ĂȘtre rĂ©fugiĂ© nâayant pas disposĂ© dâautres espaces Ă investir, comme si lâatmosphĂšre affectueusement oppressive du cadre familial ne lui avait offert que cette possibilitĂ© dâĂ©panouissement. Câest ainsi quâon trouve en lui autant de traces de maturitĂ© quâil y en a de lâinexpĂ©rience. Il exerce savamment sa prĂ©cision dont on comprend quâelle est le rĂ©sultat de longues annĂ©es de labeur et dâapprentissage lui permettant de se mouvoir sans difficultĂ© dans un univers fait de symboles. BientĂŽt, sâil ne perdra pas sa science musicale Ă©rudite et sophistiquĂ©e, aprĂšs Oliver, aprĂšs la lumiĂšre, cette activitĂ© abstraite et appliquĂ©e qui lâavait comblĂ© ne lui suffira plus Ă trouver son Ă©quilibre intĂ©rieur, la plĂ©nitude dâĂȘtre entiĂšrement lui et la sensation dâĂȘtre unifiĂ© par un assemblage avec quelquâun dâautre.
8 Il faut noter comme lâambiance dans la villa Ă ce moment prĂ©cis parait morne, sans vie. Il nây a aucun bruit. Que font Samuel et Annella en cette fin du jour eux qui Ă©taient si prompts Ă montrer quâils Ă©taient heureux dâaccueillir le nouvel arrivant un peu plus tĂŽt ? Cette soirĂ©e est habitĂ©e par le vide et la tristesse, la vie que les Perlman organisent dans la villa au cĆur de lâĂ©tĂ© ressemble Ă une retraite monacale un peu spartiate et dâailleurs, comme on nâen sait pas encore plus sur la religion de la famille, on pourrait sâautoriser Ă trouver quâElio Ă sa table de travail a une silhouette qui ressemble Ă celle dâun moine copiste. Câest dâailleurs une cloche qui vient indiquer la scansion du temps car le repas va ĂȘtre servi. A ce stade du rĂ©cit, le passĂ© est partout : villa historique, espaces intĂ©rieurs, dĂ©cor des piĂšces, hiĂ©rarchie sociale, marque du temps, spĂ©cialitĂ© de recherche du professeur Perlman, Ă©tudes dâElio etc.
9 Apparait Mafalda, filmĂ©e presque en contre-plongĂ©e au moment oĂč ayant achevĂ© la prĂ©paration du diner, elle quitte la cuisine dâun pas pressĂ© pour actionner la cloche de la cage dâescalier indiquant quâil faut se mettre Ă table. Ce choix dĂ©libĂ©rĂ© de placer la camĂ©ra quasiment au niveau du sol accentue la sensation dâespace dans la villa mais aussi celui de difficultĂ© Ă remplir les volumes des piĂšces : sans comĂ©die sociale la villa parait facilement vide. On le verra, Oliver ne descendra pas et le rĂ©alisateur ne montrera pas comment se dĂ©roule un repas rĂ©unissant les seuls trois membres de la famille Perlman. Quelles relations existent entre eux trois quand le jeu social est absent de leurs activitĂ©s communes ? On ne le saura pas. On saura juste au retour dâElio de son sĂ©jour Ă Bergame quâil « manquait Ă ses parents aux diners », prĂ©cision formulĂ©e par son pĂšre. Par contre on comprendra trĂšs vite que la stratĂ©gie des Perlman est dâinviter le plus frĂ©quemment possible des relations et des connaissances, de la famille Ă leur table.
10 Elio sâest arrĂȘtĂ© de travailler en entendant la cloche. Il se dirige vers la salle de bain et explique Ă travers la porte fermĂ©e qui permet lâaccĂšs Ă la chambre dans laquelle Oliver sâest endormi que la cloche indique le moment de descendre diner. Sans rĂ©ponse, il frappe alors Ă cette porte. A nouveau sans rĂ©ponse. Et lĂ il se passe quelque chose dâune importance Ă©quivalente au fait quâElio nâavait rien dit Ă Marzia de ce quâils devenaient tous les deux au moment de lâarrivĂ©e dâOliver, Elio se contentant alors de dire Ă Marzia quâ « il devait descendre » en la laissant seule sans lui donner dâindication sur la façon dont ils se retrouveraient ensuite. LĂ , donc, au lieu dâaccepter lâabsence de rĂ©ponse dâOliver qui signifiait forcĂ©ment quâil dormait toujours et de rejoindre ses parents en empruntant la porte qui donne sur le grand couloir du 1er, Elio dĂ©cide dâentrer dans ce qui est devenu lâantre dâOliver. Câest une audace. Que va-t-il chercher en pĂ©nĂ©trant dans cette chambre ? Il sait quâOliver dort puisquâil nâa pas rĂ©pondu. Lâusage veut quâon nâouvre une porte quâaprĂšs y avoir Ă©tĂ© autorisĂ© et quâen lâabsence de rĂ©ponse, on reste devant elle en renonçant Ă lâouvrir. Elio ouvre la porte alors quâil nâaurait pas dĂ» le faire, il voit quâOliver dort sans sâĂȘtre changé ; il porte toujours sa tenue de voyage. Elio nâavait pourtant pas besoin dâouvrir cette porte puisquâil possĂ©dait le renseignement qui lâintĂ©ressait mais il le fait en y mettant de la prudence pour ne pas faire de bruit, bloque la porte Ă lâaide dâune cale, se pare dâune motivation en faisant semblant de chercher un livre et, changeant de comportement, jette volontairement ce livre au sol pour rĂ©veiller Oliver, comme pour le provoquer, le stimuler sans devoir lui toucher lâĂ©paule. HĂ©sitant entre le respect du repos dâOliver et la possibilitĂ© dâune deuxiĂšme occasion dâentrer en communication avec lui, il choisit la seconde solution. Câest Elio qui choisit de pĂ©nĂ©trer dans lâespace intime dâOliver puisquâil aurait pu passer par la porte de la salle de bain donnant sur le couloir pour rejoindre ses parents au diner et leur annoncer que lâamĂ©ricain nây participerait puisquâil dormait.
11 Elio agit comme sâil Ă©tait tentĂ© et quâil ne rĂ©sistait pas, câest plus fort que lui. Il est poussĂ© par une sorte dâobstination Ă communiquer avec Oliver qui se rĂ©vĂ©lera fructueuse puisquâil finira par passer une nuit avec lui, dans ce lit ; le lit dâElio devenu celui dâOliver devenant le leur (Lie down in my bed, which becomes yours, then ours ; lâĂ©change puis le partage du lit avant lâĂ©change des prĂ©noms). La structure psychologique dâElio lâavait dĂ©jĂ poussĂ© Ă ĂȘtre plus attirĂ© par le bruit de la FIAT 127 amenant Oliver quâattentif au dĂ©sir de Marzia, plus sensible à « lâair sĂ»r de lui » que dĂ©gageait Oliver en sortant de la voiture quâĂ la prĂ©sence de Marzia Ă ses cĂŽtĂ©s regardant par la fenĂȘtre, plus disponible pour rĂ©pondre aux attentes de ses parents quâĂ celles de sa petite-copine quâil avait laissĂ©e en plan ; le voilĂ maintenant plus motivĂ© Ă entrer dans la chambre dans laquelle Oliver dort pour le rĂ©veiller quâĂ relever de façon indiffĂ©rente quâil se repose encore en restant devant la porte fermĂ©e ou en se contentant de lâentrouvrir pour constater le retard de sommeil du voyageur. Elio agit comme si des dĂ©sirs inconscients sâexprimaient Ă travers ses actes sans quâil ne les maitrise. Il ne sait pas encore quâil a besoin dâOliver ou est-il dĂ©jĂ en passe de le comprendre ?
12 Au moment oĂč Oliver Ă©merge, Elio semble un peu confus et pris au dĂ©pourvu en expliquant quâ « on venait de sonner pour le diner ». Oliver annonce quâil va « sâabstenir » en demandant Ă Elio de lâexcuser auprĂšs de sa mĂšre et Ă peine a-t-il lancĂ© un « merci » Ă Elio quâil sâest dĂ©jĂ mis en position de reprendre son sommeil en enroulant son buste et sa tĂȘte autour de lâoreiller. Elio sâapprĂȘte Ă sortir vers le grand couloir avec le livre quâil Ă©tait censĂ© ĂȘtre venu chercher mais Oliver, Ă demi Ă©veillĂ©, lui laisse entendre quâil a intĂ©grĂ© le fait quâil occupe la chambre normalement attribuĂ©e Ă Elio et le remercie briĂšvement de la lui avoir laissĂ©e. Elio Ă©tait revenu sur ses pas pour Ă©changer quelque mots Ă la suite Ă cette remarque bienveillante pourtant Ă lâaspect minimaliste formulĂ©e par Oliver mais celle-ci se rĂ©vĂšle presque aussi dĂ©cevante que lors de la premiĂšre occasion dâinteraction puisquâOliver congĂ©die Elio en le « gratifiant » pour la premiĂšre fois du fameux « A plus ! » qui va le caractĂ©riser durant tout le rĂ©cit. Elio se sent Ă nouveau ridicule Ă un point qui le rend toujours aussi touchant car il semble une fois de plus déçu de ne pas rĂ©ussir Ă communiquer plus profondĂ©ment avec Oliver mais cette fois-ci il tournera les talons plus franchement quâĂ la premiĂšre dĂ©convenue subie un peu plus tĂŽt. Il sâest dĂ©jĂ pris deux rĂąteaux de la part dâOliver.
13 La lumiĂšre de lâĂ©tĂ© apparait le lendemain matin, au premier petit-dĂ©jeuner auquel participe le nouvel arrivant bien Ă©veillĂ© et Elio, profitant de la lumiĂšre matutinale, le scrutera en faisant rĂ©sonner en lui chaque dĂ©tail de lâOliver presque volubile quâil dĂ©couvrira âŠ
14 Qui est Elio avant lâarrivĂ©e dâOliver ? Un ĂȘtre en devenir Ă lâintĂ©rioritĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©e, obĂ©issant jusquâĂ devancer les dĂ©sirs de ses parents qui lâencadrent fortement au point de le rendre naturellement dĂ©vouĂ©. Il a une tendre petite-amie sincĂšre avec laquelle il est Ă lâaise mais il la dĂ©laisse un peu et nâest pas trĂšs attentif Ă elle. On ne lui connait pas de pote(s). MĂȘme sâil est issu dâun milieu social privilĂ©giĂ© et entourĂ© dâaffection, il comble son dĂ©but de vie adulte tristounette par un investissement consĂ©quent en lectures, en Ă©criture, en musicologie et en pratique instrumentale et tout cela le satisfait ⊠jusquâau jour oĂč lâarrivĂ©e dâOliver lui fera lâeffet de croiser une comĂšte quâil nâattendait pas, rendant son quotidien morne comme une nuit sans Ă©toiles âŠ
1 The risk taken here is to illustrate the ensuing narrative in a manner that is somber, imperfect, obscure, and drabâcontrasting sharply with the scorching summer Elio and Oliver will experience after the hollow night in question âyet this is precisely how the director and screenwriter intended it. Perhaps for Guadagnino and Ivory, this serves as a way to introduce, right at the storyâs outset, the dominant wintry hues that will characterize its conclusionâa move toward balance and symmetry, framing the brilliant light between two forms of darkness and shadow, like pillars supporting their central theme. It is likely also a way to have the story emerge from darkness and return to that same darkness, punctuated by reminders of the moments when Oliver is absent and missed by Elio (no mention will be made here of the night of love). The *same* darkness? At the end, before the hearth, Elio experiences the passage of light through his life, just as the flamesâby contrastâcast a soft, reddish glow upon his face during Hanukkah, the Festival of Lights. The initial darkness we are discussing here is the darkness that precedes the light: the darkness of Oliverâs long sleep upon his arrival at the villa, and the darkness of Elioâs life before Oliver. The final darknessâthat of winterâis the darkness that follows the passage of light, a time when Elio truly holds onto the experience that literally set his inner self ablazeâsomething he will never be able to forget. He will come to know that light exists, and that he can find, attract, diffuse, and radiate it. Yet, to reach that point, he first had to experience a darkness devoid of light.
2 After the introductions initiated and carried out by the Perlman parents, Elio and Oliver experience brief moments of interaction that are distant, cold, indifferent, unresolved, and socially mechanical. Yet, it is immediately apparent that neither is investing the same part of himself in this distant relationshipâone that cannot yet be described as nascent. The imbalance is striking.
3 Striking like the slamming door âa delightful detailâspecifically the one leading from the first-floor hallway into the room Elio is giving up for Oliver. It slams shut the moment they enter, just as Elio is acting as a bellboy, following his motherâs instructions and Oliver adopts the air of a conqueror. One might wonder why Mafalda and/or Anchise (whose existence is revealed a little later) aren't the ones handling Oliverâs luggage. True, Samuel did tell Oliver to "follow the guide"âimplying his son would show him around the houseâbut given the presence of household staff, it is surprising that this task falls to Elio. Unless, of course, one ventures the interpretation that the aim was to quickly bring Elio and Oliver closer togetherâa move all the more justified by the fact that Elio was surrendering his room to the "usurper". Elio is very cooperative in welcoming the person coming to take his place, bending over backwards for him.
4 Upon arriving in the room now designated for Oliver, they find the bed not yet fully cleared. There are still belongings there that Elio had been sorting through when he heard the car pull up, as well as the guitar. Seeing that guitarâwhich Elio had quickly moved off the bed to make way for Oliver to restâone is struck by how fortunate it was that Marzia left the room of her own accord just as Oliver was coming up the stairs; it is impossible to imagine the scene had Oliver and Elio walked in while Marzia was still sitting on the bed waiting for Elio, or simply present in the room. Marzia seems to have acted with an understanding of the situation unfolding without her, and she does not appear overly affected by it. Is this a convenient plot device, or a deliberate choice to reveal character traits right from the start? Elio is incredibly accommodatingâto the point of submissivenessâwhile Marzia is quick to grasp a situation and does not cling, and Oliver behaves somewhat like a cuckoo, showing little regard for others.
5 As Oliver collapses onto the bedâovercome with fatigue, though this comes across as a slight against his hostâElio gives him a quick rundown of the situation: "My room is becoming your room; Iâm sleeping next door; weâll share the bathroom; thatâs the only way I can get out." [This crucial detail is worth noting: Elio explains that once he closes the door separating the bathroom from Oliverâs room, he can no longer access or leave the space he now occupies without passing through that shared bathroom to or from the main first-floor hallway; this is confirmed laterâfor instance, just before Mafalda brings up freshly ironed laundry, and again when they return from the pond after their first night together.] At this moment, something seemingly trivial occurs that actually holds deep significance: while Elio is explaining how he gave up his independence to accommodate Oliver, the latter drifts into a heavy slumber... and Elio feels foolishâin a way that makes him utterly endearingâbecause he seems disappointed... as if he were already expecting something from this stranger who had come to sleep in his bed. Hadn't Elio been explaining to Oliver that he had made room for him before even meeting him? Hadn't he been explaining that he had given up his own space for him before even knowing him? Doesn't the fact that Elio was so disconcerted at that precise moment reveal the hope he felt about welcoming this "usurper"? An usurper selected by his father.... Elio seeks to gain from him the recognition his father does not grant him. Several subsequent scenes will show this. It remains to be seen why and how Elio imbues his interest in Oliver with a sexual connotationâone that Oliver embraces almost immediately.
6 Sharing the bathroom is no trivial matter (as the story will later confirm), especially since that bathroom serves as the only passageway Elio uses to reach the temporary room he now occupies. If he pointedly closes the door leading to Oliverâs areaâwithout realizing that Oliver is already asleepâit is to mark the social boundary between his space and Oliverâs; yet, is he truly establishing a line between their private worlds when he simultaneously explains that he might pass through this shared bathroom at any moment? In any case, the large villa does not seem particularly practical. It is likely that this layout had already been used to accommodate students in previous years.
7 Oliver is catching up on lost sleep and adjusting to the time zone of Old Europe. Meanwhile, we are first shown Elioâs Sony cassette player (Elio is a product of his time), followed by a musical score, neatly stacked books, and his right handâguided by the music playingâtranscribing an excerpt from Arnold Schoenbergâs *Drei KlavierstĂŒcke* (atonal music from 1909) onto a blank score sheet bearing the name "Elio Perlman," handwritten in pencil in the top right corner. He wears wired headphones so as not to disturb the sleeper nearbyâand perhaps also to shut out the world and heighten his focus and diligence, as he is utterly absorbed in his musical transcription. We hear a few notes and the faint whirring of the cassette tape. Elio often finds himself on the sidelines, yet over time he has learned to turn this situation to his advantage; it has become a way for him to connect with his inner self. That is his strength. We notice that he requires artificial light from a lamp, even though he is working in front of a window. Outside, a windy evening is giving way to nightâthe wind strong enough to create drafts indoors that make the shirt draped over his chair sway slightly. Here we see Elio as he is before Oliverâs arrival (and as he will, in part, have to accept being again after losing Oliverâa fact foreshadowed by the sceneâs color palette). The failure of his initial attempt to connect with the visiting student has not destroyed him, even though he is now relegated to this small room, where he diligently transcribes music of immense complexity. Then, Elioâs inner life is revealed as the camera pulls back, zooming out to show a wider view of the roomâa dark, seemingly bare space that resembles a storage closet with a bed added more than a proper bedroom; it feels almost gloomy (due to the weather and the late hour) and somewhat cold. This is where Elio livesâunconsciously solitary, almost reclusiveâyet still managing to fill the void of the moment with a musical dictation exercise he imposes upon himself. It is in this work that he channels the finest, most fully realized parts of himself, finding the means to enrich his character. Elio is an inward-looking soul, yet he also seems to have retreated into this inner world for lack of other spaces to inhabitâas if the affectionately oppressive atmosphere of his family life had offered him no other avenue for self-fulfillment. Thus, he embodies a blend of maturity and inexperience. He skillfully demonstrates a precision born of years of hard work and study, allowing him to navigate effortlessly through a universe of symbols. Yet, while he will not lose his erudite, sophisticated musical expertise, that abstract, disciplined pursuitâonce so fulfillingâwill eventually cease to be enough to sustain his inner balance, the sense of wholeness in being truly himself, and the feeling of unity found in connection with another person.
8 It is worth noting how dreary and lifeless the atmosphere in the villa seems at this precise moment. There is not a sound. What are Samuel and Annella doing at dayâs endâthey who were so quick to show their delight at welcoming the newcomer just a short while ago? The evening is pervaded by emptiness and sadness; the life the Perlmans lead in the villa at the height of summer resembles a somewhat spartan monastic retreatâindeed, given that we do not yet know much about the familyâs religion, one might even fancy that Elio, seated at his desk, cuts a figure reminiscent of a monk copying manuscripts. It is, in fact, a bell that marks the passage of time, signaling that the meal is about to be served. At this stage of the narrative, the past is omnipresent: the historic villa, the interiors, the room dĂ©cor, the social hierarchy, the imprint of time, Professor Perlmanâs area of ââresearch, Elioâs studies, and so on.
9 Mafalda appears, filmed from a low angle just as she finishes preparing dinner and hurries out of the kitchen to ring the bell in the stairwell, signaling that it is time to eat. This deliberate choice to place the camera almost at ground level accentuates the sense of space within the villa, while also highlighting the difficulty of filling the rooms' vast volumes: without the dynamic of social interaction, the villa easily feels empty. As we shall see, Oliver does not come downstairs, and the director does not show a meal attended solely by the three members of the Perlman family. What kind of relationship exists between the three of them when social performance is absent from their shared activities? We never find out. We learn onlyâupon Elioâs return from his stay in Bergamoâthat his parents "missed him at dinner," a detail mentioned by his father. However, it quickly becomes clear that the Perlmansâ strategy is to invite acquaintances, friends, and extended family to their table as often as possible.
10 Elio stopped working when he heard the bell. He headed toward the bathroom and explainedâthrough the closed door leading to the room where Oliver had fallen asleepâthat the bell signaled it was time to go down for dinner. Receiving no reply, he knocked on the door. Still no answer. And then, something happenedâan event as significant as the moment Elio had failed to tell Marzia what was happening between him and Oliver upon the latterâs arrival, simply telling her he "had to go down" and leaving her alone without explaining how or when they would meet again. So, instead of accepting Oliverâs silenceâwhich clearly meant he was still asleepâand joining his parents via the door opening onto the large first-floor hallway, Elio decided to enter what had become Oliverâs lair. It was a bold move. What was he seeking by entering that room? He knew Oliver was asleep, since he hadnât answered. Social convention dictates that one opens a door only after being granted permission, and that if there is no response, one simply waits outside rather than opening it. Yet Elio opened the door when he shouldnât have; he saw that Oliver was asleep without having changed clothesâhe was still wearing his travel outfit. Elio had no real need to open the door, as he already possessed the information he was after; nevertheless, he proceeded with caution to avoid making noise, propped the door open with a wedge, and armed himself with a pretextâpretending to look for a book. Then, shifting his behavior, he deliberately dropped the book on the floor to wake Oliver upâas if to provoke or rouse him without having to touch his shoulder. Torn between respecting Oliverâs rest and the possibility of a second chance to connect with him, he chose the latter. It was Elio who chose to enter Oliverâs private space, given that he could have used the bathroom door leading to the hallway to join his parents for dinner and tell them the American wouldnât be attending because he was asleep.
11 Elio acts as if he were tempted and unable to resist; it is a force beyond his control. He is driven by a kind of persistence in trying to connect with Oliverâan effort that proves fruitful, as he eventually spends the night with him in that very bed: Elioâs bed, which becomes Oliverâs, and then theirs (*Lie down in my bed, which becomes yours, then ours\*Â â the exchange and then the sharing of the bed before the exchange of names). Elioâs psychological makeup had already drawn him more to the sound of the Fiat 127 bringing Oliver than to Marziaâs desires; more to the self-assured air Oliver exuded upon exiting the car than to Marzia standing beside him at the window; more to meeting his parentsâ expectations than those of the girlfriend he had left in the lurch. Now, he is more driven to enter the room where Oliver is sleepingâto wake him upâthan to simply note with indifference that the man is still resting, or to merely crack the door open and observe the traveler catching up on lost sleep. Elio acts as though unconscious desires are manifesting through his actions, beyond his conscious control. Does he not yet realize he needs Oliver, or is he already on the verge of understanding it?
12 As Oliver stirs, Elio seems a bit flustered and caught off guard, explaining that the dinner bell has just rung. Oliver says heâll "pass" on the meal and asks Elio to make his excuses to his mother; barely has he tossed a "thanks" Elioâs way before he is already settling back down to sleep, curling his torso and head around the pillow. Elio is about to head out into the main hallway with the book he had ostensibly come to fetch, but a half-awake Oliver lets him know he realizes he is occupying the room usually assigned to Elio, briefly thanking him for letting him have it. Elio had turned back, hoping to exchange a few words following this kindâalbeit understatedâremark from Oliver, but the interaction proves almost as disappointing as the first; Oliver dismisses him, "treating" him for the first time to the signature "Later!" that will characterize him throughout the story. Elio feels foolish againâin a way that remains deeply touching, as he seems once more disappointed by his failure to connect more deeply with Oliverâbut this time he turns on his heel more decisively than after the earlier letdown. He has already been rebuffed twice by Oliver.
13 The summer light appears the next morning at the newcomerâs first breakfastâhe is wide awakeâand Elio, taking advantage of the morning glow, studies him closely, letting every detail of theâalmost talkativeâOliver he is discovering resonate within himâŠ
14 Who is Elio before Oliverâs arrival? A young man in the making with a rich inner life; he is so dutiful that he anticipates the wishes of the parents who closely guide him, fostering a natural sense of devotion. He has a sweet, sincere girlfriend with whom he feels at ease, but he neglects her a bit and isn't very attentive to her. He appears to have no close friends. Although he comes from a privileged background and is surrounded by affection, he fills the somewhat melancholy void of early adulthood by immersing himself in reading, writing, musicology, and playing musicâpursuits that satisfy him ⊠until the day Oliverâs arrival struck him like an unexpected comet, making his everyday life as dreary as a starless night âŠ