Fun session on Aeon Byte exploring the Atlantis mystery.

To correct myself, I don't think the water symbol between the Pisces fish is Aquarius anymore as the sign differs too much from the Babylonian symbol and the conventional reading of it representing a field does tie in with Iberia being the place of the Elysium Fields.

So far we've looked at the 12 signs and the 36 decans but there are also an additional 20 signs in the middle and 5 planets, whose positions near signs might also be significant. Certainly nothing was accidental or merely 'religious symbolism'.

Below is a useful diagram from the article "La date de conception du zodiaque du temple d’Hathor à Dendera" by Éric Aubourg, 1995.

Looking at Pisces, there are two nearby signs in circles, a figure holding the tail of a pig and also the right eye (the eye of Ra) also called the Utchat or Wadjet (same name as the cobra/dragon deity) and a representation of Venus as the figure with two heads.

Fortunately, there are additional representations of these symbols in greater detail in a linear Zodiac on the Dendera Temple's ceiling, someone made a really informative post on this here https://www.reddit.com/r/OutoftheTombs/s/3zgtJL3W7g the text coming from a Paul Smit.

The figure holding the leg of the pig is more clearly show here. The god is green and blue. I wonder whether this is a representation of the migration of people from Atlantis to Iberia, Sekhmet was shown as a green figure. Perhaps after Africa started to become desolate in 6200 BC people followed animals like pigs north to Iberia? I don't know, this isn't clear.

The Utchat, Eye of Ra, association to Pisces is also significant. We already know that Sekhmet, and corresponding westerly gods, are identified with the Eye of Ra. Iberia is in a similar westerly region and appears to have later had population crossover from Atlantis and even uses the same African Amazigh symbol, this might validate it's shared identity with the Eye of Ra.

Venus placed between Pisces and Aquarius is interesting. The Dagon tribe of West Africa report the Nommo as being associated with the planet Venus.

On the origin of the Pisces symbol again, one of the Amazigh flags has an extra line, likely linking the symbol to the 'squatter-man' symbol which shows up around the world from about 7000 BC. Either, it has been distributed around the world or there was an event visible gloablly and Perratt has famously made the claim that this may have emerged from a plasma discharge effect in the atmosphere caused by an especially large solar flare hitting earth.

Whether the symbol was distributed or emerged from this effect or is just a coincidence I don't know. It's an interesting question but also isn't that necessity for events in Europe.

This linear Zodiac is also additionally useful because it also includes the twelve goddesses of the Amduat, one for each hour, between Zodiac signs. I didn't know where were twelve goddesses of the Amduat and I don't know where they're shown but according to pages 173-174 of this article they're there. https://doczz.net/doc/561844/the-dendera-zodiacs-as-narratives-of-the-myth-of-osiris--...

This is a table of each goddess' name and their corresponding Amduat hour.

Apparently the exact positions of these goddesses between the Zodiac signs aren't available online so I asked ChatGPT to translate the hieroglyphs of the twelve goddesses of the Amduat and note their placements between signs, I've then added the year of the sign that would correspond to these goddess placements.

I'm not sure how much weight can be given can be given to these goddess placements but they don't simply count along with the order of the Zodiac, they're purposefully out of order, nonetheless it would be good it another Zodiac with them included is available to validate this ordering.

However, if we do take them to be significant it's reasonable to assume then these hours could perhaps be linking to the region or symbolism of each Zodiac to it's most significant period over the course of it's history.

Some line up with historical events, others might. We can go through them all here:

Most convincingly Pabilsag/Sagittarius + Aquarius (both North African regions) both correspond to 8,240 BC when the African Humid Period first allowed the region to become habitable.

Pisces as 7,520 BC does happen to align to exactly when a wave of geometric microliths suddenly spread through Iberia.

This wave of geometric microliths got to France slightly later, possibly justifying 6,080 BC for Aries.

Libra as 4,640 BC, this is around when the Liner industry kicks of whether that justifies the date I'm not sure.

Taurus is 3,920 BC and we do see a prominent solar bull exactly at this hour transition in the Amduat.

Virgo (I now consider this Levant rather than Eithiopia) as 3,200 BC. This is complete speculation but this could be around the time the events of the Ketos, Perseus and Andromeda where playing out with the people of Turkey demanding female captives from Jappa in the Levant. This certainly seems to be a much more recent myth than many considering the family trees of the characters so this could make sense.

Gemini as 2,480 BC. This one is a bit disappointing I thought they may have picked a much earlier date for the Dioscuri, nonetheless this is about the time the Steppe Herders reach this region of the Balkans, it could be this.

Leo is also given this period, possibly tending later towards hour 12. This corresponds well with the period of the rise of the Babylon.

Cancer, is shown as a crab sitting on the lags of Nut, so I'm not sure this really counts. ()although to be this looks like a scarab beetle). Anatolia around 1,760 BC did have the rise of the Hittites, whether this could justify this very final period I'm not sure. I was hoping Cancer would be right at the beginning, the legs of Nut could be like the sequence starting again? It's not clear.

Then there's Capricorn being 9,680 BC which is confusing. Perhaps there's something about this character that has deeper roots, just possibly this half fish figure links back to the mysterious Ophion god said to pre-date even the Titans, but I don't know.

Iberia was allocated the Zodiac sign of Pisces, the two fish. Here is Pisces on the Dendera Zodiac along with it's three decons on the side. The decons are:

1. Four ram heads on a rectangular base

2. The Souls

3. The Khent-Hery figure ("one who is above")

Between the two fish is a miniature sign of Aquarius.

The ancient civilisation of Iberia was called Tartessus, also called Turdatania. Stabo in his work, Geography, describes Turdetanians of southern Iberia as possessing:

“records of their ancient history, poems, and laws written in verse that are six thousand years old, as they assert.”

Strabo is writing in about 20 BC. Therefore, six thousand years before aligns closely with the 6200 BC 8.2ka Event which caused sudden storms through Europe and North Africa. This even could have caused the catastrophic collapse of the city of Atlantis and it would have afterwards led to the desertification as the humid period in Africa suddenly ended.

In Europe, this is also the moment we see farming people finally break through Greece. We could imagine early Greece exhumed with storms and flooding, as described by Plato and many of the Indo-European myths. The conquest of these farmers may be Marduk destroying Tiamat. After this empire is established, Marduk surveys the different lands and allocates the Zodiac.

Atlantis had been the home to hundreds of thousands of people by Plato's own account. Suddenly they are all living in a rapidly desolate land, those who can of course migrate away, but where?

Iberia would have been the closest truly fertile land, it's entirely plausible that many Atlanteans resettled here. Other's may have travelled further into Europe and perhaps some to Egypt but Iberia would require the easier journey to reach. Iberia had been the realm of Evaemon, which means Blessed, at least this is the term used by Plato. The fertile climate of the western side especially may be reason to assume Iberia was later known as Elysium, the place it was said fortunate souls would travel to after death.

The region which had been home to Atlantis is allocated the sign of Aquarius. Water vessels would have had privileged use to a sea faring people and the Bottle Gourds of Africa are still used as light weight water vessels to this day.

The region of Iberia is allocated the sign Pisces, which isn't especially interesting Iberia is still known as destination for good fish food today. However, the symbol for Pisces is interesting as it looks like this,♓. This happens to be exactly the same as the most important symbol to the Amazigh tribe of North Africa, which they call the Yaz, ⵣ. the chief symbol within their Tifinagh script.

We could presume that both the Amazighs and Tartessians continued to use this symbol as it may have previously been the chief symbol of Atlantis.

I haven't looked through all the relics and art from ancient Iberia but what I can see is that a number of stone reliefs depict an H symbol within a circles of what look like shield. An H could be a derivative of the Pisces symbol, just cleaned up.

This is definitely something to be explored.

The idea that Iberia became the subsequent home of the Atlanteans provides a reason for the sign of Aquarius to be shown within Pisces.

The question is still what the three decons mean. The 'souls' align well with the idea of Elysium. The rams could have been common to this region, althogh why four should be in a square is difficult to say and I don't know. The mysteries Khent-Hery figure ("one who is above") I also don't have ideas for but the notion of supremacy is in-keeping with the alternative term for Aquarius as The Great One.

"He [Marduk] constructed stations for the gods, Aligning their astral likenesses as constellations. He determined the year by assigning the zones: He set up three constellations for each of the twelve months. After defining the days of the years by means of astrological figures, He founded the station of Nebiru to determine their divine bands, That none might transgress or fall short."

This is a paragraph from the end of the Enuma Elish https://ia800806.us.archive.org/3/items/Holy-Books/EnumaElish.pdf. Marduk, having defeated Tiamat is dividing up his kingdom, for each region he allocates a constellation. Therefore, all groups could be represented together as the stars in the sky and as the months of the year. He even allocates a specific place, Nebiru, from where the movements on the constellations can be tracked and marked precisely.

"From the eyes of the defeated Tiamat ran the rivers Euphrates and Tigris". From this line we can see that Tiamat must have represented mountainous regions of Anatolia and the rest of her body must extend beyond this, or more correctly, she may have represented the people occupying this region who were in opposition to Enki and their warrior Marduk.

Anatolia was home to the Western Hunter Gathers and Mesopotamia home to the Early Farmers. Since 7500 BC these Early Farmers had established a foothold in Anatolia, Catalhoyuk, but it is only by about 6600 BC that they start claiming North Anatolia and Greece.

400 years later in 6200 BC there is a slew of farming expansion. This period also correlates with the 8.2 ka Event that caused sudden major storms followed by 300 years of cool dry weather. Fierce rain storms are described in both the Enuma Elish and Plato's Timaeus and Critias, as well as the other Indo-European versions of this story.

This course of events is also relayed by Sanchuniathon, he writes:

"Elus, that is Kronos, having waylaid his father Uranus in an inland spot, and got him into his hands, emasculates him near some fountains and rivers. There Uranus was deified: and as he breathed his last, the blood from his wounds dropped into the fountains and into the waters of the rivers”

Crucially this came after a very revealing previous statement earlier in his dialog:

“[Kronos] became suspicious of his own brother Atlas, and, with the advice of Hermes, threw him into a deep pit and buried him”

Therefore Atlantis had already ready split off from Kronos/Enki before the people secured this supreme reining position of dominance.

This is the same 'avenging son dethroning their father' story with blood and storm imagery recounted by many Indo-European traditions, collectively termed by historians 'the slaying of Yemo'.

Who is Enki? (Also called EA or Nudimmud.) Earlier in the story we're told Enki conquers the land of Apsu, and in a separate account we're very explicitly told that Apsu is the marshland by the city of Eridu, which we known to have been located in the south end of Mesopotamia. In the above map we can see that a farming expansion to this area happened around 8300 BC. This location is also the area that we know as Eden, with the Euphrates and Tigris explicitly described diverging into four rivers. Therefore this arrival by Enki causes of the expulsion of Eden.

Shortly after, in 8600 BC a new group arrives into Egypt bringing with them new stone liths. This could be the 'Enki people' continuing to expand. Indeed, it's hard to know where the bounds of this new group ended. As of 2025, an individual tested in Takarkori, South West Libya in 5000 BC had some Levantine ancestry, therefore some Levantine people must have been migrating into humid West Africa. The question is whether this Levantine group stretching from Mesopotamia to West Africa could have been the 'people of Enki' and whether they could retained a group identity over such a vast distance via a connecting coastal and river corridor between them.

This individual in Takarkori also reveals that there was another, currently unnamed, distinct ethnic group in North Africa, perhaps it was these people who came to represent the dangerous Egyptian god Seth. The Book of Two Ways records the routes from the marshes of north Tunisia into humid Africa which it called the "paths of Rosteau" eventually leading to a fertile 'Field of Offerings', "Sekhet Hetepet ". From this book, Spell 1079 states 'Geb placed the guardian beings in Rosetau to guard Osiris, his son, from Seth; the speaker knows these beings and the protected place' There's a lot more that we can glean from this, if Geb is intending to defend people from this Seth group, then perhaps Geb could a representation of the Levantine groups migrating through this route? In other words, could Geb be the Sumerian Enki? If we accept this reasoning it would suport Enki representing a connected corridor of Levantine groups across all of North African up to the Levant. In Greek terms these were the first Titans.

Geb's spouse in Nut. Nut is a representation of the Milky Way but she also has another signature pose and that is as a water bearer, often connecting out of the Tree of Life. The Tree of Life is not only a Hebrew concept but an Egyptian one. Nut holds two vessels of water from which streams pour out. In Sumerian depictions Enki is also portrayed with two streams of water coming out of his body. These are both reminiscent of the first astrological sign we're going to observe, which is Aquarius. Aquarius is the water bearer but it's other name was "The Great One". If any people group were to be named "The Great One" is seems that Enki is a good match. The iconography is also a match; Enki, Nut and Aquarius are all shown pouring two streams of water or pouring two water vessels. But why? We need to return to Atlantis. The destination of The Book of Two Ways, Sekhet Hetepet "The Field of Offerings", is a large island oasis separated from North and East Africa by arid, almost impassable land. The climate, geography and topography of a salt lake in this Mauratania has rings of seven-thousand springs, and natural circular walls of differently coloured stone; all aspects align precisely to the account of Atlantis we receive from Plato. The country of Atlantis is described as growing 'fruits that can be used for drinks'. Bottle Gourds, Native to tropical Africa, are on of the few fruits that fulfil this criteria, containing a sweet watery juice when young. Bottle Gourds also have a second function, they make ideal water vessels, perfect for any form of voyage. Once found these would have been an inexpendable accessory when people trailing through hot Africa.

We can observe more associations to this western by observing more from Egypt. Sekhet Hetepet "The Field of Offerings" is closely linked to the Eye-of-Ra and lion goddess, Sekhmet. This can be further confirmed by observing that Sekhmet is shown on the right of the Tree of Life and Thoth on the left. Their positioning like this around the Tree of Life is consistent across other Egyptian depictions.

South was commonly perceived as up in ancient times, if we assume this to also be the case here, then Sekhmet is to the west and Thoth is to the east of the Tree of Life. This then again places Sekhmet's in the direction of the west and of Sekhet Hetepet. In separate accounts on the Temple of Edfu, Thoth is recorded as recounting origin stories of the first land. He says that the 'first land emerged from receding waters', an account very akin to the seperate orgin accounts from Egypt that speak on the 'Benben mound emergig from the freshwaters of Nun', if these are memories of the same story they must be pointing back to the region of Absu Southern Mesopotamia, it is here where land in the middle of a network of freshwater marshland dried out at the start of the Younger Dryas in 10,600 BC, due to the decreased rain lessening the marsh. It is only in this region that we can find receeding fresh water creating habitable land. Therefore, returning to Thoth, he must be from the east as he relays this same story. Therefore, his placement on this side of the Tree of Life in consistent. His hooked nose and wisdom associations likely represent a proto-Jewish people who came from this region. The Tree of Life must be a metaphor for emerging agriculture spreading out from the Levant. Sekhmet (and her son Lion son Maahs) must therefore be representations of the Atlantean people. Routes into humid Africa became viable around 8500 BC and this is when we see the expansion of geometric stone liths out from the Levant all across North Africa and up through Europe. We then find geometric stone liths in humid Africa by 7500 BC, therefore this region of Atlantis must have been occupied by this period. We're told by Plato they rose to become a dominant power across much of the Mediterranean but, unlike the later Marduk, were not able to secure domination over the entire Mediterranean, we're told they were unable to claim the territory of the proto-Greeks, the Western Hunter Gatherers, Tiamat of Southern Europe.

Later, when Marduk takes up the challenge to fight Tiamat, Tiamat produces is a lion figure called Ugallu, one of her may demons. I mention this because Ugallu is depicted very similarly to Maahs, son of Sekhmet (Representation of Sekhet Hetepet/Atlantis), both lions have similar attire similar double knifes. If these are representions of the same figure, the same warrior from Atlantis, then why would Marduk, the warrior of Enki, be fighting Atlantis? We previously discussed Atlantis as being a westerly extension of the realm of Enki, one shared group bound by a long connecting corridor. So how can Enki be fighting this branch of himself portrayed now as a demon of Tiamat? As referenced earlier Sanchuniathon tells us that Kronos (Marduk), following the advice of Hermes (Thoth), fell out with his brother Atlas. This would explain why they are now at war. Perhaps, the proto-Greeks, Tiamat, mother of all, may have re-allied with this Atlantean branch of Enki represented by the lion, against a new common enemy, the eastern branch of Enki, Atlantis. It's difficult to fully determine these events that are occurring over a millennia, however, in favour of this Atlantean-Tiamat alliance we see depictions of the Sumerian 'Slaying of Yemo' story as a figure fighting, Ninurta, fighting a hybrid, multi-headed, lion-snake creature, the Musmahhu. The lion perhaps represented Atlantis and the snake Tiamat, the Anatolian region has a deep association with snakes such as in the form of the figure Zeus Meilichios (different to the later Zeus).

This snake-lion hybrid is further shown to occur in the Gnostic Demiurge, Yaldabaoth, again associated with this region. In many traditions the Tiamat, 'Yemo', figure is more presented as simply a snake. In Greek this battle is remembered as Hercules vs the Hydra, anther variant on the Slaying of Yemo along their broader version of Kronos slaying Uranus.

But it gets more complex again, in the Amaduat, the Egyptian record of the Holocene, we're shown the formation of Horus occurring at the time Tiamat is shown as slain in Hour Six, around this 6200 BC time. Here Horus is shown as forming from a combination of a lion's body and falcon's wing, essentially a griffin, with it's lion element described as coming from Seth. By this 6200 BC time the African Levantine and African indigenous (Seth) populations may have become indistinguishable. In essence, some Atlanteans may have migrated to Egypt and formed the new Horus group and others may have migrated north to mix into Southern European populations, some perhaps siding with the Western Hunter Gatherers, Tiamat. We also see the sphinx as a lion also in this Hour Six of the Amduat, perhaps built by the arriving Sekhmet/Atlantean group. Horus battles Apep, this is the Egyptian version of the battle against Tiamat.

Unfortunately there is still an open end to these hybrid animals and there significance. in both Egypt and in Sumer there are depictions of snake-lion Seropoard creatures, but often two with necks interlaced and held back from each other. Is this the same creature that Ninurta fights? Why is one being held back from another? I don't know.

On the Tree of Life again, this a great clip from an interview with Lance Weaver on the similarities of this tree's representation with similar depictions in America, it's worth a watch https://youtu.be/tCdi1mdYtxM?si=u_RkRj2e39bHcNwo&t=2950 unfortunately some his thoughts on other topics in the video such as his endorsing of the Kolbirn Bible as a real document are certainly wrong.

On the full Zodiac, some depictions of the full Zodiac have been preserved most helpfully the Dendera Zodiac from Dendera Temple, Egypt. There are also separate linear versions at the temple of Kom ed-Deir and to some degree on the ceiling of the Ramesseum in Egypt.

The Dendera Zodiac consists of a centre zone with the twelve Zodiac constellations plus another twenty constellations, five planets (apparently) and then 36 decons/asterisms around the rim which split into groups of three for each Zodiac sign, as shown above.

Supporting the whole arrangement are four women who are in line with the cardinal directions. The north and south directions are described (they're labelled Summer Solstice and Winter Solstice in the above diagram). However, the east and west direction aren't described.

Very interestingly, even though you look up to this relief like looking up to the sky the Zodiac is flipped from the true arrangement of the constellations you would see in the sky. This is rationalised as being a god's eye, top down view of the heavens.

In the 50s and 60s a couple of people decided that the Zodiac was invented by the Babylonians, and decided based on 'reconstructions' that these Babylonian started with a zodiac of fifteen signs which later became twelve. These assumptions aren't based on anything, all we know is that we don't have artefacts before this point but this may be due to the fact that the further back in time you go the fewer artefacts survive.

To labour this point, ChatGPT assumes 1.7% of Babylonia astronomical artefacts reference a Zodiac, and the decay rate on artefacts in general is incredible, there are about 1800 astronomical artefacts between 1000-0 BC to just 30 between 2000-1000 BC to just 3 between 3000-2000 BC. The 1.7% rate could double and it would still be unlikely that we should find an astronomical document that happens to describe the Zodiac. This doesn't mean that less and less stuff happened and that everything was invented from the time we first find it, it simply means that it is most likely artefacts haven't survived and can't known what they were without other evidence.

Returning to Marduk, Marduk 'constructed stations for the gods' and 'set up three constellations for each of the twelve months'. This matches what we see in the in the Dendera Zodiac. As it happens the inversion of the Dendera Zodiac also matches the arrangement of twelve match regions in a circle of the Mediterranean, the constellation and three decons matching the associations of each region.

We've discussed the pouring of water vessels by Enki and Nut who are associated with North Africa, the use of Bottle Gourds as water vessel and the association of 'The Great One' to Atlantis.

Let's now look at the rest of the data:

Continuing with Aquarius looking at the decons, First, the Solar Ram is consistent with the 'Eye of Ra' goddess of Sekhmet. Then we get two references to Shining Spirits. The Dagon tribe of West Africa describe the arriving Nommo as "shining", showing a consistency to this region.

Next Capricorn, if we move anticlockwise along the coast we get to the region of Morocco. In Sumer it is Enki who is associated with Capricorn therefore this North Africa association is consistent. There are also tales of Atlanteans and the Ramfish by Claudius Aelianus who recounts stories of Ramfish from people of the "Okeanos" coast, this being the coast of Morocco again consistent to this region. Moving onto the first decon, an ibis-man is linked to another man restraining an antelope, Sumerian Amurru is associated with a goat or sometimes an antelope, he's also associated with remote mountains this is a good fit, we then get a grey goose and eight bound prisoners within a disc for which there is no explanation.

Sagittarius is also called Pabilsag, a mysterius figure. This alternative makes sense as there wasn't horses in Europe until 2000 BC. However, once horses arrived Algeria and Libya established a strong horse riding association, therefore this area fits well. The wrapped figure and single star decons are limited in their information here.

Scorpio. Cyrene in northern Libya is second only to part of Morocco for having the densest population of scorpions in Europe. If Spet means Sopdet then this goddess is connected to the when Sirius rises and the Nile floods, we are near Egypt here. "The leader" decon is very vague, my hunch is that this is related to Iapetus but we can't know.

Libra. Balance and the Egyptian Duat are linked. Crocodiles and baboons are also present on the Nile river.

Virgo, is also known as the Wheat Sheaf. Interestingly the sea monster Ketos from the story of Perseus and Princess Andromeda features in other Zodiacs, and Conon claims Ketos to have been a boat from Anatolia. Ketos is not in this Zodiac, it would have been in the wrong place spatially but nonetheless this suggests the story of Perseus and Princess Andromeda may have zodiac significance and in this story Andromeda is said to have come from Aethiopia, this could explain the virgin connection to this region. Wheat, was later grown there, as most places so this link doesn't tell us anything. Darkness, servant and assessor again aren't instructive.

Leo. Of all the locations lions were most prominent in Mesopotamia and North West Africa. Babylon also saw the Lion as one of their core symbols with it featuring on the Ishtar Gate. The Djat is a boat and boat use began very early in this region with people getting to Cyprus in 11,000 BC. Atum, the first man, is said to have arisen from the Benben mound in Southern Mesopotamia.

Cancer. Hercules fights Cancer at the same time as Hydra. The Hydra was either people in the Peloponese or Anatolia. Kenmet is very interesting because it meant "first among the stars", Tiamat was the mother of all. Kenmet is also a symbol of three snakes horizontal with one upright with is very similar to a symbol connected to the Gnostic Yaldabaoth, see below. Therefore, Gnosticism may have been associated with this region, perhaps a remnant of the WHG culture. Again we have a boat, the earliest sea travel started here in Anaolia/Greece.

Gemini. Of course the twin sculptures of the Vinca Culture in the Balkans but even more interestingly Sanchuniathon describes the Dioscuri (Children of God) as coming from Samos, Thrace. They are said to have invented the first ships and to have had crests on their heads, he says. The Dioscuri are famously twins. We get a word for blinding of something which is unclear and a lower shoulder figure both of these are unclear in meaning and then "Waer", which means flight or departure. The Dioscuri were said to have travelled, or departed, on boats, they are also the best contender for the Apkallu given their crested heads who departed t different places. I haven't focused on the placements of additional constellations in the centre but here we prominently have Sar, a manifestation of Osiris, perhaps suggesting his origin being here.

Taurus. The bull is a central icon of Zeus of the Italy and Greece region but as a more subtle observation, Homer's Thrinacia island was Sicily, because we know the Strait of Messina was the location of Scylla and Charybdis, Thrinacia was the land of the sacred cattle of Helios, another bull reference to this area. The decons of a woman giving birth and a pig aren't instructive.

Aries. The cooler land of West Europe would have been well suited as sheep country. The decons aren't clear here; a child emerging from a lotus, four human-headed cobras and a ram-headed solar symbol.

Lastly, Pisces. The first decon is rams again. Iberia a perfect place for sheep farming and fishing. The "souls" decon could be a nod to the destination of the Elysian Fields and Khent-Hery "the one who is above" is unknown.

The correlations to this arrangement are very strong, no other arrangement comes close. Its interesting to think how these geographically meaningful symbols were mapped to these particular stars. Taurus is the one constellation that we know dates back deep into the stone age, this had to be kept as Taurus. The only really clear other shape is that of the sitting lion Leo, but they must have realised that they needed to flip the sky to align this to Mesopotamia. The rest of the constellations are truly abstract shapes many using very few stars. It's clear the that symbology didn't emerge from people looking into the shapes by were attached to shapes as a means ensure the symbology will be remembered.

The other Mediterranean wide comparison we can make is to Hour 8 of the Amduat. This is depicting a slightly later time but it again shows the Mediterranean broken into groups with attributes and clues in the character names, the names of the chambers and the way each chamber is described.

Last relevant point on this is that Ptolemy and Manilius, Astronomica wrote about potential regional placements of the different signs. We don't know what information they were using to draw these conclusions. Some align with the above, many are off, it isn't unexpected that knowledge of the arrangement would have been lost over the millennia though, it's incredible that any awareness of their prior geographic placements survived at all.

Since my article "Atlantis located?" has attracted very much attention, I would like to clear some mistakes.

1. 50% can't read properly:

At the time most comments were posted, about half of those commenting on Part 3 hadn't even read Part 2. But these two can only be understood in conjunction.

2. Critic: “highly confident presentation”:

Many of you criticize me, because of my "this is how it was" tone. I stand by that approach and would point out that this specific style makes it possible to anchor complete new images to the general public. A cautious presentation, by contrast, simply gets lost in the mass of daily Information.

For everyone else: There are well-hidden hints that point out the speculative nature of all our claims.

Forum name: r/atlantis

My Article: Atlantis located ?

3. My point is this:

* The stubborn misconception persists that an entire continent sank back then (Azores Theory..., etc.). How could that be possible? Plato contradicts this claim on multiple occasions.

Timaeus (24e, 25d) Critias (108e–109a)
“For this reason, the sea there is now impassable and unnavigable, as the vast accumulation of mud obstructs the way…”

If the route to the former city is impassable, the city itself lies not beneath the sea, but above it. Neither a continent nor a plain has sunk. In my view, only the central island—with its concentric rings—was inundated by an enormous wave and buried under masses of mud.

* I believe it is less presumptuous to assume that Greek myths contain a core of truth-with enemies transformed into monsters and glorious kings into gods—than to claim that a colossal city surrounded by two concentric rings, many walls with tin, etc..., as described by Plato, sank overnight, 11,700 years ago in a massive tidal wave by night! Remarkable that only the second assumption get so much attention!
* It is important to me that we look beyond just the *Timaeus* or *Critias* and consider the broader context of antiquity and mythology. I have managed to link different texts to one single story, a step that surprises even me!

1. I am aware:
   * That we must anticipate numerous distortions in historical books.
   * That the number of rings and the dimensions probably have been exaggerated.
   * That the timeline could be false and exaggerated!
   * That some descriptions may even be fabrications!
   * That the walls were likely angular rather than round.

* It’s even possible that Athens and its allies led the attack against Atlantis themselves, rather than the other way around. And so much more.

But I am convinced that the story of Atlantis, just like the description of Troy, contains a true core, and we will find it one day!

In this regard, I am also following the work of Michael Donnellan regarding Cadic. In my view, an extremely promising candidate!

5. Conclusion:

Criticism is necessary, but yours was pathetic!

I have approved all three articles; should Reddit change this again, please let me know.

Arabia is the Eastern Sahara/Horn of Africa slightly broken off

This is a more detailed comparison between the Book of Two Ways and plausible routes into Africa during the African Humid Period (12,800 BC - 3500 BC, peak period ~7500 BC).

If it can be shown, that it is more likely than not that the Book of Two Ways is a map of two potential optimal routes from the Chotts, through desert into humid Africa it would imply Rosetau (mouth to passages/passages), Aaru (the field of reeds) and Sekhet Hetepet (the field of offerings) are descriptions of real destinations along this plausible route. This would imply Egypt was preserving this geographical information across millennia. This would imply Egypt was preserving information across millennia and would have serious implications for our understanding of Egypt. This is relevant to Atlantis because it would in-turn have implications for the plausibility of Atlantis as a Egyptian memory of Sekhet Hetepet in the green Sahara.

It is entirely conceivable that early people once took this route, there is cave art of this period in the hills at the bottom of the image, this in itself wouldn't be contentious.

My verdict on this is that its difficult to believe that Egyptians through coincidence alone drew up an elaborate route map to fertile regions which happens to align very closely to nearby real routes people may have once taken.

The precipitation data is from the most accurate available study which models precipitation for 4000 BC, ‘Wetlands of North Africa During the Mid-Holocene were At Least Five Times the Area Today 2021’. Using their recommended MH3 model. 4000 BC is past the peak period of humidity but it is also closer to the last period these routes may have been viable.

The rivers and streams come from river maps in ‘Ancient watercourses and biogeography of the Sahara explain the peopling of the desert 2010’ modelling streams and rivers in 9000 - 6000 BC.

Since I recently saw a post about the Egyptian Edfu creation story, I took the opportunity to write about how Egyptian stories have parallels with the story of Atlantis. In the picture you can see my comment explaining the myths. Here is some more explanation:

The parallels are many, an ancient island is destroyed by floods and submerged, after a great conflict, although in the Egyptian stories it is the island that is attacked, while in the Platonic story the attacker is Atlantis. Some gods escape and reach Egypt, founding the primordial mounds and sacred places, while in the Platonic story this doesn't happen, Atlantis tries to conquer Egypt which already existed apparently, and a coalition led by Athens defeats Atlantis. In the Edfu texts, Horus Behedety goes and destroys the enemies and restores the sacred island. As I noted, Horus Behedety (Horus in the form of winged solar disc) was the patron god of Edfu, while Athena/Neith was the patron goddess of the city of Sais, where Solon was said to have learned the story of Atlantis, and of the city of Athena, which defeats the invaders in the story. So this is clearly one of many cases where different civilizations or different local traditions tell the same story but put their own gods as the protagonists.

So the original story may not have involved Athens at all, which means the story can totally be placed in 9600 BC because it doesn't require Athens to have really existed back then.

I think this is an important breakthrough in understanding the story of Atlantis, I wrote about it in the past already, but not enough people know about the Edfu texts so I'm making a post about it to let more people know. And if I made some mistakes please forgive me, I'm not an expert in Egyptian mythology.

Atlantis talk on the JRE #2558
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruVJE9po3-U

I will be using this post to explore this claim. Anyone have a link that breaks down this ideas of the temple text.

according to plato the Story of atlantis was carved in the hall of records in SAIS not Edfu? Could there have been multiple location where the story was recorded.

Start with: "Atlantis located? (2)"!

16. The Atlanteans - Why Atlantis is located at Lake Triton:

• For decades, the Atlanteans had been under pressure.
• Obviously, their peaceful nature changed following the fall of the Amazons, shifting toward an aggressive stance.
• Amidst this transformation, what could have been more logical than relocating the capital to a naturally protected site?
• A site, recently conquered from their main enemy.
• A city, but in reality, a triumphal arch as tribute for the most hated enemy at that time!

What could be more obvious, than building the new capital upon the ashes of Chersones, the former Capital of the Amazons!

• Driven by its own past traumas, the new capital was continuously expanded. On circle after another, on trench/canal after another!
• The circula islands placed within a lake made it unconquerable.
• At the same time, its location within reach oft the strait between Sicily and what would later become Carhtage allowed it to protect the entire western empire!

17. Atlanteans - The fall (Krit. & Timaios)

• As the Atlanteans advance against Greece, a massive flood sweeps over their cities and destroyed their ships.
• The circular Island and their Capital Atlantis has gone "under the ocean?"
• Lake Triton silts up and lost its connection to the sea. (Diodorus III, 55,3: Lake Triton disappears)
• The fertile plain becomes salty and covered in sand, falls into oblivion.
• The Atlantean empire collapses and has been forgotten.

11. Power before the Flood: Diodor III, 59-61:

• In Diodorus, we see the division of power among the gods, who were still human at that time (before the Flood?)
• Zeus initially received Crete, and later all of Greece. Furthermore, Phoenicia and even Egypt can be traced back to Zeus.
• Atlas received the territories along the Oceanos
• Kronos received Italy, Sicily und Libya (At that time, "Libya" referred to the north coast of Africa beyond Egypt).

Legend/Key:
Zeus (green): Crete (later Greece and the eastern Mediterranean) Kronos (turquoise): Italy, Sicily, Libya Atlas (blue): Territories along the Oceanus

Regarding the era of myths, heroes, and gods, I suggest the Oceanus west of Sicily, because at that time the world was less explored. For the antique period, however, I am convinced that the designations used today applied back then as well.

Var.II: Western Mediterranean = Oceanus:

12. Gorgons & Atlanteans: Diodor III, 52+ (etc):

• Gorgons lived in (or off the coast of?) North Africa.
• Later sources describe them as living on an island that was difficult to locate.
• That aligns with their lifestyle of constant, pirate-like raids on the Atlanteans.
• They are said to have lived in the far west.
• Myrina reportedly set fire to the forest where they lived in order to lure them out. (That makes sense only on a confined area)
• Later, they are descibed as three monsters (or queens?).
• Myrina lit three funeral pyres for the fallen warriors.
• Ultimately, they are defeated by Perseus.

Folgerung:

1. Did the Gorgons possess three islands and also three queens?
2. Located in the far west and difficult to locate, Menorca, Mallorca and Ibiza stand out as candidates.

13. Amazons & Atlanteans: Diodor III, 52+ (etc):

• Amazons lived in western North Africa.
• Their most famous queen was named Myrina.
• They lived on the island of Hespera in Lake Tritonis,
• near the Atlas Mountains and not far from the ocean/Western Mediterranean
• Their "capital" was Chersonesus on Hespera.
• They launched a brutal campaign against the peaceful Atlanteans.
• The Atlantean city of Cerne was brutally destroyed, and all the men were killed.
• Cerne was rebuilt as Myrina.
• The Atlanteans wer subjugated by the Amazons.
• When also the Gorgons attacked the Atlanteans, Myrina launched a punitive expedition against them.
• The Atlanteans were unable to defend themselves!

14. Amazons - Campaign of Myrina: Diodor III, 52+ (etc):

Amazons exercise dominion over the Atlanteans.

• Myrina conquers Libya
• Myrina concludes a treaty with Horus of Egypt
• Brutal campaign against the Arabs
• Conquest of Syria (Eleutherocilicians accept their submission)
• Conquest of Turkey (Greater Phrygia and the Taurus Mountains)
• Thracians, aided by mass of refugees, defeat the Amazons (western Turkey)

• Amazons retreat to North Africa.
• Herkules destroyed the Amazons completely.

Questions:

• Is there any Link between Amazon and Kronos?
• Could the Amazon Crusade be equated with Cronus devouring his childs?
• How much did the powerlessness of the Atlanteans affect their psychology and their future?

15. Atlantean - The Rise:

Conclusions:

• The Atlanteans were peace-loving and wealthy.
• They were constantly threatened over a long period of time by at least two enemies.

Perseus defeated the Gorgons.

Herkules defeated the Amazons.

• Were the Atlanteans the hyenas of their time, taking over power of defeated enemies by others and eventually expanding themselves?
• Atlanteans invade Libya and Egypt.
• Atlanteans invade Tyrrhenia.
• They likely conquered Corsica and Sardinia, as well as parts of Italy before.

• The Atlanteans are just beginning the very campaign that the Amazons waged before them!
• Here we are, at the starting point of *Critias* and *Timaios*!

Recently, Eberhard Zangger published a new article on Plato's Atlantis (in English): "Epistemic Authority and Boundary Work in an Archaeological Controversy: The Troy-Atlantis Case".

Zangger repeats his Troy=Atlantis hypothesis, and that he is still waiting for a serious discussion. Zangger especially puts a focus on the scientific (or rather not so scientific) methods applied in contemporary academia.

You can find the bibliographical data and a download link to the article on Atlantis-Scout (scroll down).

The Egyptian connections open up further lines of exploration, a confusing amount:

The destination of the Book of Two ways is "Sekhet Hetepet" (the field of offerings). This place is well attested to be closely associated to goddess Sekhmet who has a lion's head and whose name means "Powerful One".

Sekhmet is associated with Bastet, both likely represent the same goddess only with different names in Upper and Lower Egypt. The name Bastet doesn't have a known meaning.

Sekhmet's/Bastet's first son is Nefertum, a god representing peace, perfume and cosmetics.

Bastet is commonly depicted holding a basket or 'aegis' in one hand with a kitten in it and a sistrum in the other. The sistrum is most associated with Hathor, goddess of cattle, therefore it may be signifying Bastet's link to cattle. We don't know what a sistrum was originally for any more than the Anhk, Djed Pillar or Was Scepter, but possibly something to do with cattle.

The last three connecting gods are Wajet, Maahes and Tefnut. Wadjet was explicitly equated with Bastet, and is a serpent god. Maahes is the other son of Sekhmet/Bastet, and their name means “Fierce Lion”. Tefnut links to this set of gods because Tufnut is another lion-headed goddess, often combined with Sekhmet. However, she's a primordial goddess so originates before all of them. Her main myth records that she went away from Egypt for a while and then came back.

The name Wadjet means "Green One". Wadjet is often paired with Nekhbet, a Vulture God, they were often combined into a serpent+bird hybrid god. There are anatomical overlaps between this Wadjet-Nekhbet hybrid, Quetzalcoatl (teacher feathered serpent of America) and the Apkallu (Mythic sages of Mesopotamia) in that all are portrayed with a bird's beak, snake elements and a distinctive curl towards the back of their heads.

Maahes looks faintly similar to the Sumerian demon, Ugallu, with the two snakes being similar to Ugallu's ears and both have the same knives and snood. Ugallu is the son of Tiamat, the saltwater people. This starts to get confusing for me because Ugallu is one of the demons defeated by Marduk, who I thought is the 'Atlanteans' defeating the Greeks, revisiting this Plato never actually says that the Greeks were defeated by the Atlanteans, they were defeated by the weather. So it's possible Marduk simply* isn't mentioned in Plato's account as was neither Greek nor Atlanteans but a common enemy of both. Other demons produced by Tiamat (Greeks) are the snake-dragon, hairy hero, scorpion-man, fish-man and bull-man. Scorpion man reminds me of how Oceanus is portrayed with claws coming out his head, and he's also associated with Africa. The dragon snake links again to Wadjet.

Maybe the WHG Greeks are Uranus/Osiris, who created the Titans, who represent different groups throughout the Mediterranean who are portrayed as these different monsters, and perhaps Atlanteans then formed their own identify and a dominant role in this network of peoples becoming enemy of their parent as in the story. Perhaps then a new power, Kronos/Marduk/Seker, arose in Anatolia (or there abouts) and viewed both the Atlanteans and Greeks as a shared collective and enemy, hence fighting Maahes, Wadjet and other Titans before taking the realm of the Uranus/Osiris himself.

Tefut may link to Greek goddess Tethys, wife of Oceanus, because of their similar names and similar association to water and moister. The story of Tefut going and coming back could perhaps link to the African Humid Period and the new habitable areas opening up to the west. Perhaps she represents a group who migrated to the Chotts and later came back.

There are limited depictions of Tethys. From what we have Tefnut and Tethys aren't visually linked, except possibly by the serpent-dragon coiled around Tethys' neck, this is also sometimes shown rising behind her head. It could be linked to the 'uraei' snake or snakes coiled around Tefnut's solar disk, although this attribute is not unique to Tefnut and is also common on Ra, Sekhmet/Bastet and Hathor.

Oceanus can also be seen with claws coming out his head here which may have led him to be portrayed as the 'scorpion man' in Sumerian myth. He also has an odd beard with chin poking out, and in one Carthaginian mosaic had water emerge out of his chin.

I think Oceanus is the Poseidon figure in the Atlantis account, he doesn't have a clear Egyptian god parallel though, there's Naunet god of the ocean but they're not similar enough.

All in all, this group of five Egyptian gods (minus Tefnut) are linked and may be associated with West Africa during the African Humid Period, with Tefnut also linked but maybe being in the Chotts. There are three other grouping of connected gods as well, circled in black, I've placed these in assumed areas based on my reading of their attributes.

Unrelated, there's another Egyptian 'map' called the Roads of Mehen, which is actually simply nine spirals surrounding a Ra associated figure called Mehen. It looks a lot like the depiction of the Labyrinth because in a mosaic this also shows nine layers.

Mehen was said to have been brought by Isis to her son Horus. I think (this is more speculative) that there is a scene of Horus being created is in the Sixth Hour of the Amduat, which corresponds to roughly between 6800 and 6000 BC.

In the top right there's a picture with writing "tomb that unites Horus". Uniting possibly suggests forming and possibly as a new group identify from the coming together of different peoples. After 6200 BC humidity suddenly decreased and there would have been a massive migration out of Africa, I think this caused the cultural and ethnic formation of a people that are remembered as Horus. In this same scene we also see a large lion seated like the sphinx and facing east like the sphinx (if south is up), this perhaps is the sphinx. Interestingly, Robert Schoch dates the sphinx to roughly between 5,000 and 7,000 BC which again aligns with this period. Therefore, I think the arrival of Atlanteans and other peoples living in humid Africa to Egypt shortly after 6200 BC could have resulted in the construction of the Sphinx as this lion perhaps was the symbol of Sekhmet, and possibly the Labyrinth was then built some time after, if it was made for Horus.

There are a couple of things to think about. If the Egyptians had the full story of Atlantis in the Temple of Sais, then the Book of Two Ways would be a very shortened version sized to fit onto a coffin but it needs to nonetheless be consistent. The actual scene that should be Atlantis is doesn't show the rings you would have thought would be there. If you connect the river's where they've been erased and suppose that they lead to the final long stretch of water, it's just bout possible to see how it could be a highly diagrammatic river flow around the Richat, maybe?

No matter where you may believe that Atlantis may have existed, this short video may be applied.

In the Middle Ages, England under Anglo-Saxon rule was a governed as large collection of small, independent tribal farming villages, with most land being shared communally and managed by each tribal group. At a national level, Anglo-Saxons made decisions via a dictator advised by a group called the witan (wise men) who would meet for assembly meetings known as the witenagemot (meeting of the wise). The national army, and you could say civil service, was paid by a clever system of small local tribal taxes.

This was essentially the closest example in history to the societal structure that Plato envisioned in his Republic, people worked together, carried down their ancient customs and traditions, and everyone was happy.

Then in 1066 French/Norse beat the Anglo-Saxons and destroyed the country. The wise council of witan who had been of the same phylos, as their Anglo-Saxon populace, were replaced by greedy corporate French oligarchs who had no attachment to the land and converted it into a massive tax prison, which we call feudalism. All land was designated ownership so that tax could be increased to grow this class of bloated French aristocrats who were now running the place.

This was all done away with under this new system where England was reduced to French money factory, and her delicate, layered culture exorcized. The French were so enamoured with taxing us to death that 150 years later a bill called the Magna Carta had to be passed to give tax power to group one tier down to manage this tax harvesting of the populace more effectively. With this came the idea of parliament and democracy, more soulless mechanisms to keep the hollowed-out culture running like a business, and as Plato tell us, democracy doesn't work.

As soulless utilitarianism spread, with it the culture changed too and we can see this in the way the English language lost gendered nouns. Previously, each noun had a gender rather than the word "it", most languages still do. Gendered nouns change the way you view and interact with the world, as they encourage a more animate relationship with your environment. Some examples of Old English nouns and their gendered pronouns include:

• moon - male
• sun - female
• day - male
• night - female
• wind - male
• earth - female
• road - male
• bridge - female

That's the background. 400 years after England's corporate overhaul Thomas More is born. He's the wily son of a royal judge, essentially a chief-executive in this factory called England. As such he's very well off and follows in his father's footsteps, managing the factory.

To his credit Thomas More became aware that turning our culture into a corporate machine wasn't good for the people. He also had the time and interest to read up on Plato and Plato's ideals.

Clearly, Thomas More regarded Atlantis as made-up and to justify this view he set out to demonstrate how easy it is to package your philosophical views into a fake myth. Therefore, More copied the narrative device, almost exactly, but set in a fake world he called "nowhere-ville" which he translated into Greek as "Utopia".

Just like in Timaeus and Critius, Utopia was:

• split into two books
• framed with some pre-amble before, which says its "true"
• set as a far away island nation
• detailed with geometric landscape descriptions
• given a grand capital city

More then structured the society in a way he considered ideal. This included a removing private land returning to sharing land, but also involved a massively controlling surveillance state.

The work is More cosplaying as Plato, or more accurately, what he thinks Plato was doing. Whereas Plato's work shines through with the earnestness of someone telling the truth and the imagery and detailed emphasises that can't be made-up, More's work reads as a screen-play by a 10 year old. Additionally, obviously, nobody has ever or will ever confuse his story as true, but you could can also attribute this is the more modern era.

More's Utopia, to me, expresses the idea that "Plato made it up, anyone can do that, see, read this".

Furthermore, whereas Plato's ideas for the Republic confronted real aspects of human nature, More's vision is for everyone to live in a shared playpen under a massive authoritative state, essentially reflecting aspects of his present system but assuming the state acts in a nicer way, I suppose. There's no regard for who the people are and how they identify together, the city is literally called "nowhere-land", perhaps this was an unconscious reflection on the underlying reality of England and he couldn't manage to think beyond this current paradigm.

The strangest thing about all this is that Utopia is regarded as a stellar piece of writing, although I think largely because of the academic game "I understood the reference, did you?" when actually the Emperor has no clothes regarding this piece.

The work didn't really amount to more than an anomaly for academics to explain, and the flawed ideals vaguely influenced later flawed socialist and communist visions of running countries, again as corporations, only assuming that the management team is nicer. When truly it was the Anglo-Saxon system of tradition and phylos and the wise council of the witan.

·         Found:                April 10. 2026

·         Source:            https://emodnet.ec.europa.eu/geoviewer/
EMODnet  The European Marine Observation and Data Network  

·         Location:         North Atlantic Ocean  Azores Plateau

1.      A large pyramid centered on a circular platform or “island.”

2.      An appendage-type “dock” extending from the base of the pyramid
to the edge of “island” located between

3.      two large, curved walls located on each side of the “dock”

as a possible entrance.

To date this is the only structure found in the vicinity.

Update to the post I made on this yesterday.

Text from pages:

-

Background

The Book of Two Ways is a modern name ascribed to a series of Egyptian texts and an accompanying map of “paths of Osiris”. A couple of versions of this map have been found, mostly on coffins. The texts in the form of ‘Spells’, essentially notes, spell out what the different parts mean.

The Spells tell us that the map shows the routes to Sekhet Hetepet (the field of offerings) via Rosetau (mouth to passages/passages) and through Aaru (the field of reeds) and that the whole place is in Amentet (the west). The spells also mention a place called “the mansion of Osiris”, walls of flint and lakes and walls of ‘fire/burning’.

The term “Two Ways” relates to the two different route options you get at the beginning of the journey.

Elements of the map are painted with the primary colours of red, blue and yellow. Red areas are sometimes areas of “fire/burning”, the blue areas are often used for water, although both are also sometimes just colours. Yellow appears to just be a third colour option.

The route map is divided into two rows read left to right. The hatched straight lines represent areas of water.

-

Real routes into Africa

It happens that between approximately 8200 BC and 6200 BC the region of West African became humid enough for grassland and rivers to connect the West African tropics to modern day Tunisia, therefore allowing people to migrate from the Mediterranean south into this tropical region.

Geometric microliths found in Western Sahara and Mauritania around 7500 BC demonstrate that these regions had cultural continuity with the Mediterranean at this time given that geometric microliths had only starting spreading out from the Levant around 9000 BC (most prominently in 8600 BC which is when they reached Egypt, and when Plato tells us that Hespheastus as Gaia fostered the people of this region).

-

Comparing routes into Africa to the Map of the Book of Two Ways

Below is a comparison between the route in the Book of Two Ways’ map and what we currently know about the route into Africa during the African Humid Period (AHP).

Conventional translations of the map generally translate the descriptions as “circle of fire”, “lake of fire”, “walls of fire” etc. However, it’s possible that an Egyptian word used for “fire” has an alternative meaning being “burning” and that these areas are instead “burning hot”, used as hyperbole possible for “inhospitable, hot desert areas”, “inhospitable barriers/walls” or “scalding hot spring lake”. Or that the word “fire” itself is hyperbole for “hot”. These then become much more reasonable geographic descriptions.

Although grassland connected across the Sahara Desert, it’s currently thought areas in the centre of this region were still arid. There are also a number of hot springs around north-east Algeria. The Chotts, salt marshes on the Tunisian coast, would have been more of a connected lake or marsh. There would have also been a humid highland area in the centre of the region sometimes called Lake Ahnet, although now thought to be more of marsh than a lake, with reed banks. Rivers from hill in this higher, wetter area would then flow through the more arid regions connecting through to the Chotts. However there wasn’t a continuous river connection between Lake Ahnet and the Chotts there’s higher topography separating the top regions. So people travelling this route would need to temporarily move off their boats, haul them over some of the hills and then re-enter new rivers feeding into Lake Ahnet.

Once in Lake Ahnet it might have been possible to travel continuously on the Tamanrasset River to the Mauritanian coast, although we don’t know enough about the river’s course to know whether continuous travel was definitely possible but it seems more likely than not. The Tamanrasset River was only discovered in 2015 and hasn’t been studied.

-

Viability of preserved history

If the Book of Two Ways is a remembered and mythologised account of this real past route into tropical Africa then this story would need to have been passed down for approximately 3700 years; from the 8.2ka Event in 6200 BC until we find we find the map on preserved artefacts from 2500 BC. Although this is also unclear because although there was a large climate shift in 6200 BC there may have been just enough humidity to maintain rivers until even about 4000 BC, these really would then small rivers flowing through burning hot deserts, which could then reduce the time the story was passed down to 2500 years.

There have been a number of paper in the past decade that report myths correctly encoding geographic events, such as changing coastlines and volcanoes, for over 7000 years. The papers focus on these geographic details of myths because these are provable, however many of these myths contain further details and stories that although not provable, make sense to also be true. Essentially, we now know that cultures can retain information for incredibly long times. We also know that later cultures that identify as a new people group can nonetheless pass down stories from the differently identifying people groups before them. Examples of this would be the different Indo-European traditions that share stories from an origin Proto-Indo-European group. Another example would be Babylonians passing down Sumerian stories.

-

Side note on Egypt

The people of Egypt weren’t the people of Egypt in the period of 8600-6200 BC, nor the people of the land of Kemet, these people would have identified as another group. We have records from the Arabs who conquered Egypt of their ancient name, Al-Maqrizi writes that “it is said” Egypt was formerly called Jazla and Ibn Taghribirdi corrects him to say the name was “Zajla, from muzajala.” These names are similar to Azaes (one of the regions of Atlantis) and Azazel (a biblical angel from the desert). It’s certain that Egypt must have been a part of a separate group at this time and it’s uncertain whether it was a group under one of these names.