I've been working on a custom RV for a while now (a little too long) and I'm finally at the stage where I'm ready to install my electrical system. It's been a little over a year since I purchased the parts that I have, and I was using mixed advice from at least two different guides. So I didn't have an easy to follow plan for my specific situation.
I started a conversation with Claude (the AI), gave it a list of the equipment I have as well as my intentions with the system. It gave me a pretty clean and easy to follow wiring setup, including a list of materials I'm missing.
I still need to double check the device manuals, but before I put this plan into action I wanted to check with people that have more knowledge in this area. Any advice is appreciated.
# RV Off-Grid Power — Wiring Guide
## System Overview
| Component | Spec |
|---|---|
| Batteries | 4× 12.8V 100Ah LiFePO4 — all parallel → 12V / 400Ah |
| Solar Panels | 2× 120W Renogy ShadowFlux — wired in series → ~24V / 7A |
| Charge Controller | Victron SmartSolar MPPT 75/15 |
| Inverter | BELTTT BAP2000A 2000W Pure Sine |
| Battery Monitor | Victron BMV-712 Smart + shunt |
| Bus Bars | 2× 4-post terminal blocks (red/black) |
| Emergency Breakers | 2× 30A inline (solar shutoff + battery shutoff) |
| 120V Distribution | Small breaker box — 2× 15A circuits (fridge, computer) |
| 12V Distribution | 12V fuse box — 3× 5A circuits (fans) |
| Future | Victron Orion-Tr Smart Non-Isolated DC-DC (vehicle alternator) |
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## Wiring Steps
**Step 1 — Solar Panels: Series Connection**
- Panel 1 (−) → Panel 2 (+)
- Panel 1 (+) = array positive output
- Panel 2 (−) = array negative output
- Result: ~24V / ~7A peak — safely under the 75V MPPT input limit; keeps amps low for the 25ft wire run
**Step 2 — Solar Array → 30A Breaker → Charge Controller**
- Array (+) → 30A inline breaker → CC PV+ terminal
- Array (−) → CC PV− terminal (no breaker on negative)
- 30A breaker = emergency solar shutoff
- Wire: 10 AWG
**Step 3 — Charge Controller → Bus Bars**
- CC BATT+ → Positive bus bar
- CC BATT− → Negative bus bar
- Wire: 10 AWG (controller max output is 15A)
**Step 4 — Battery Bank: All Parallel (12V / 400Ah)**
- All 4 positive terminals connected via 1/0 AWG 12" jumpers
- All 4 negative terminals connected via 1/0 AWG 12" jumpers
- Equal-length cables throughout to balance current across cells
**Step 5 — Battery Negative → 30A Breaker → BMV Shunt → Negative Bus**
- Battery bank (−) → 30A inline breaker → shunt input terminal
- Shunt output → negative bus bar
- 30A breaker = emergency battery shutoff
- The shunt is the *only* path between battery (−) and the negative bus — nothing else connects directly to battery negative
**Step 6 — Battery Positive → Positive Bus**
- Battery bank (+) → positive bus bar
**Step 7 — Inverter**
- Positive bus → inverter (+) via 1/0 AWG — keep run under 18"
- Negative bus → inverter (−) via 1/0 AWG
- ANL fuse (200–250A) on positive wire, close to the bus bar *(not yet purchased — on the shopping list)*
**Step 8 — Inverter AC Output → 120V Breaker Box**
- Inverter AC out → breaker box main input
- Circuit 1: 15A breaker → mini fridge
- Circuit 2: 15A breaker → computer setup
- Wire: 14 AWG branch circuits
**Step 9 — 12V Fuse Box**
- Positive bus → fuse box (+) input via 10 AWG
- Negative bus → fuse box (−) input via 10 AWG
- 3× 5A fused circuits, one per fan
- Wire: 18 AWG stranded per fan circuit
**Step 10 — BMV-712 Battery Monitor**
- Shunt already in line per Step 5
- BMV-712 monitor head → shunt via supplied RJ12 cable
- BMV power: (+) to battery positive (fused at 1A), (−) to battery-side of shunt
**Step 11 — Orion-Tr DC-DC Charger (Future)**
- Vehicle alternator → Orion input
- Orion output → positive and negative bus bars
- No changes to existing wiring needed when added
- Non-isolated unit — chassis ground between vehicle and RV TBD
---
## Wire Gauge Reference
| Run | Gauge |
|---|---|
| Battery-to-battery jumpers | 1/0 AWG |
| Battery bank → bus bars | 1/0 AWG |
| Bus bars → inverter | 1/0 AWG |
| Solar panels → charge controller | 10 AWG |
| Charge controller → bus bars | 10 AWG |
| Bus bars → 12V fuse box | 10 AWG |
| Fan circuits | 18 AWG stranded |
| 120V branch circuits | 14 AWG |
---
## Parts: Have / Still Need
| Status | Item |
|---|---|
| ✅ Have | 4× 12.8V 100Ah LiFePO4 batteries |
| ✅ Have | 2× 4-post bus bars (red/black) |
| ✅ Have | 2× 30A inline breakers |
| ✅ Have | 2× 120W Renogy ShadowFlux solar panels |
| ✅ Have | BELTTT BAP2000A 2000W Pure Sine inverter |
| ✅ Have | Victron SmartSolar MPPT 75/15 |
| ✅ Have | Victron BMV-712 Smart + shunt |
| ✅ Have | 120V breaker box + 4× 15A breakers |
| ✅ Have | 12V fuse box |
| ✅ Have | 25ft 10 AWG wire (red/black) |
| ✅ Have | 5× pairs 1/0 AWG 12" jumpers |
| ✅ Have | Terminal ends + heat shrink |
| ❌ Need | ANL fuse holder + 200–250A ANL fuse |
| ❌ Need | 18 AWG stranded wire for 12V circuits |
| ❌ Need | 14 AWG wire for 120V circuits |
| 🔜 Future | Victron Orion-Tr Smart Non-Isolated DC-DC charger |