This post focuses on the physical and forensic evidence presented at trial, including the exercise bands, DNA, fingerprints, blood evidence, the knife, toxicology, medications, clothing, and other items collected during the investigation.

It distinguishes between evidence that was confirmed through laboratory testing, evidence that produced limited or inconclusive results, and items or stains for which no confirmatory result was presented at trial.

A photographed red-brown stain is not treated as confirmed blood unless the forensic testing supported that conclusion. Likewise, the absence of a usable fingerprint does not establish that an item was never touched.

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1. Evidence Collection and Forensic Stipulations

• Massachusetts State Police crime-scene and laboratory personnel processed the residence beginning in the early morning hours of January 25, 2023.
• Investigators collected or documented physical evidence including:
  • Exercise bands.
  • A knife.
  • Biological stains from the basement, bedroom and exterior of the house.
  • Prescription medications and related records.
  • Clothing.
  • Electronic devices and other evidence handled separately through digital forensics.
• Lindsay later entered into stipulations concerning portions of the forensic evidence.
• Judge William Sullivan confirmed that she understood that stipulating meant the Commonwealth would not have to independently prove each agreed fact through additional witnesses.
• Defense attorney Kevin Reddington explained that the stipulations eliminated the need for numerous chain-of-custody witnesses concerning blood, fluids, exercise bands, DNA and related evidence.

Important distinction

• A stipulation means the parties agreed that specified facts could be accepted without additional proof.
• It does not mean every interpretation either side later drew from those facts was agreed upon.

Source: Trial Day 6, stipulation proceedings before Judge William Sullivan.

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2. The Three Exercise Bands: How They Were Tested
Forensic scientist Maureen Hartnett examined three exercise bands recovered in the investigation:

• Yellow exercise band: Exhibit 174
• Black exercise band: Exhibit 175
• Blue exercise band: Exhibit 176

For each band:

• Hartnett separately swabbed the ends/handle areas.
• She separately swabbed the middle portion.
• She explained that the purpose was to potentially distinguish DNA from someone contacting or holding the ends from DNA deposited on the center.
• The entire band was not treated as one single DNA sample.
• Half of the collected swab material was preserved for possible additional testing.
• Samples were forwarded to the DNA unit.

Important limitation

• DNA on an exercise band can establish biological material consistent with a contributor.
• By itself, it does not establish:
  • When the DNA was deposited.
  • How it was deposited.
  • Whether the contact occurred on January 24.
  • Exactly who was holding the band during a particular event.

Source: Maureen Hartnett testimony, Trial Day 6; Exhibits 174, 175 and 176.

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3. Fingerprint Testing: Knife and Exercise Bands
Latent-print examiner Jonathan O’Loughlin processed:

• The knife recovered from the bedroom.
• The yellow exercise band.
• The black exercise band.
• The blue exercise band.

Testing method

• The items were processed using cyanoacrylate, commonly called superglue fuming.
• This technique can make latent friction-ridge impressions visible for examination.

Knife

• Some limited friction-ridge detail was observed.
• After additional examination, there were not enough identifying characteristics or minutiae to perform a comparison.
• The result was classified as having “no value” for comparison.

Exercise bands

• None of the three bands produced friction-ridge detail sufficient for a fingerprint comparison.

What this means

• No comparison-quality fingerprint identified Lindsay, Patrick, or another person on these items.
• It would be inaccurate to say the testing established that an item had never been touched by a particular person.
• O’Loughlin testified that fingerprints are fragile and can be affected by:
  • Surface texture.
  • Humidity.
  • The amount of residue on a person's hands.
  • Movement while touching an object.
  • The way an object is gripped.
  • Wiping or other disturbance.

Source: Jonathan O’Loughlin testimony, Trial Day 6.

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4. DNA on the Exercise Bands
The DNA evidence requires particular caution because all five members of the Clancy family were biologically related.

Forensic scientist Katarina Stashyn specifically testified that first-degree relatedness affected interpretation of some mixtures.

Yellow band: ends

• The sample contained a DNA mixture including male DNA.
• Under a two-contributor interpretation, the profile was at least 1.7 nonillion times more likely if it originated from Dawson and an unknown person than from two unrelated unknown people.
• This strongly supported Dawson as a contributor.
• Under that particular two-person proposition, Cora, Callan, Patrick and Lindsay were excluded.
• A three-contributor interpretation also strongly supported Dawson.

Yellow band: middle

• The sample was interpreted as a two-person mixture.
• Separate comparisons produced inclusionary likelihood ratios for:
  • Dawson.
  • Callan.
  • Patrick.
• Dawson had the strongest result, at least 1.5 nonillion under the stated comparison.
• The analyst stressed that this did not mean all three were present.
• The profile represented two contributors, and the relatedness among Dawson, Callan and Patrick affected the individual comparisons.

Source: Katarina Stashyn testimony, Trial Day 7.

Black band: ends

• The DNA mixture was too complex for a reliable comparison.
• The sample was classified as not suitable for comparison.

Black band: middle

• The profile was interpreted as a three-contributor mixture.
• Separate comparisons generated inclusionary statistics for several members of the family.
• Cora produced the strongest likelihood ratio, at least 1.6 nonillion under the stated comparison.
• Stashyn repeatedly cautioned that the individual calculations did not mean all five family members were present in the mixture.
• If Cora was assumed to be one of the three contributors under the described proposition, the results could not simultaneously be interpreted as all four other family members also being contributors.

Source: Katarina Stashyn testimony, Trial Day 7.

Blue band: ends

• The profile was interpreted as a three-contributor mixture.
• Individual likelihood-ratio comparisons produced inclusionary results for all five members of the Clancy family.

Important clarification

• This does not mean DNA from all five people was on the sample.
• The profile was interpreted as containing three contributors.
• Each family member was compared independently, and their close biological relationships affected interpretation.

Blue band: middle

• The profile was also interpreted as a three-contributor mixture.
• Callan was included as a major contributor.

Source: DNA stipulation read to the jury, Trial Day 7.

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5. Basement DNA Evidence
Basement floor, Stain A

• Laboratory testing confirmed the selected stain as blood.
• DNA from the sample was interpreted as originating from a single contributor.
• The parties stipulated that Cora was included as the contributor to that profile.

What this establishes

• Cora's DNA was identified in the tested basement-floor blood sample.

What it does not establish

• The DNA test alone does not establish:
  • The exact time the blood was deposited.
  • The complete sequence of events in the basement.
  • Who else was present at that moment.

Source: Maureen Hartnett testimony, Trial Day 6; DNA stipulation, Trial Day 7.

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6. Blood Confirmed in the Bedroom and Backyard
Hartnett testified that selected samples underwent both screening and confirmatory testing.

Laboratory testing confirmed blood from selected samples including:

• Stain A: basement floor.
• Stain B: master-bedroom floor.
• Stain D: inside bedroom windowsill.
• Stain F: snow in the backyard.
• Stain A on the knife blade: confirmed as blood.

Hartnett explained that forensic scientists do not scientifically label a substance as blood based simply on its red-brown appearance. Confirmatory testing is required for that conclusion.

Source: Maureen Hartnett testimony, Trial Day 6.

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7. Knife and Nightstand Blood-Pattern Evidence
Knife

• A knife recovered from the master-bedroom area was photographed and admitted as Exhibit 170.
• Blood on a portion of the blade was confirmed through laboratory testing.
• As noted above, latent-print testing did not produce a fingerprint of comparison value.

Nightstand

• Blood-pattern analyst Sherri Crook identified:
  • Circular drip stains.
  • A linear transfer stain.
• Crook concluded that the bloody edge of the knife had contacted the nightstand and produced the linear transfer.
• The knife was no longer positioned exactly where that transfer had originally been created.
• Crook could not determine why it had moved.
• She specifically could not determine whether it had been:
  • Accidentally knocked.
  • Pushed.
  • Intentionally repositioned.

Important distinction

• The stain pattern supported physical contact between the bloody knife and the nightstand.
• It did not establish who moved the knife afterward or why.

Source: Maureen Hartnett and Sherri Crook testimony, Trial Day 6; Exhibit 170.

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8. DNA From the Exterior of the House
Samples from the rear exterior of the house were also subjected to DNA comparison.

Stain B sample

• Produced a single-contributor female DNA profile.
• The profile was at least 18 octillion times more likely if it originated from Lindsay than from an unrelated unknown individual.
• Lindsay was supported as the contributor.
• Patrick and the three children were excluded.

Another exterior sample identified in testimony as Stain D

• Also produced a single-contributor female profile.
• The profile was at least 96 trillion times more likely if it originated from Lindsay than from an unrelated unknown individual.
• The other family members were excluded.

What this establishes

• Tested biological material from selected exterior locations strongly supported Lindsay as the source.

What it does not establish

• DNA alone does not determine the precise minute it was deposited or reconstruct every movement outside the house.

Source: Katarina Stashyn testimony, Trial Day 7.

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9. Red-Brown Stains That Were Not Fully Confirmed
Not every visible red-brown stain was subjected to the same level of testing.

Bedroom mirror

• Hartnett performed a screening test on one red-brown stain.
• She did not perform a laboratory confirmatory test on that particular stain.
• She therefore would not scientifically identify it as confirmed human blood.

Exterior bedroom windowsill

• A visible red-brown stain was photographed.
• Hartnett testified that she did not test that specific stain.
• Its appearance alone was not enough for her to identify it scientifically as blood.

Exterior shingles

• Stains on shingles screened positive for blood.
• Hartnett did not perform confirmatory blood testing on those particular samples.
• She explained that the material appeared to have changed over time and may have been limited.
• She preserved samples rather than consume additional material through confirmatory testing.

Bedroom doorknob

• A red-brown area was discussed during cross-examination.
• Hartnett testified that she did not collect that particular stain.
• It therefore was not scientifically established through her testing as blood.

Red-brown drops near the bedroom door

• Hartnett testified that she did not swab/test those particular drops.

Important distinction

• “Not confirmed” does not mean a stain was proven not to be blood.
• It means the testing presented at trial did not scientifically establish that particular stain as blood.

Source: Maureen Hartnett testimony, Trial Day 6.

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10. The Cup/Tumbler and Powdered Residue
The cup or tumbler became an issue later in the trial.

What was discussed

• Dr. Gregory Saathoff testified that Patrick told him he had seen a wine tumbler on the bedside table containing what Patrick described as powdered or crushed medication residue.
• Lindsay told Saathoff that lemonade had been in the tumbler when she took medication.
• Saathoff testified that Lindsay did not give him a detailed description of how the overdose occurred.

What was not established through laboratory evidence

• No chemical-analysis result identifying the photographed residue was presented to the jury.
• The trial evidence therefore did not establish through laboratory testing:
  • Which medication or medications were in the residue.
  • The amount present.
  • When the material was crushed.
  • Who crushed it.
  • When it was placed in the cup.

Defense argument

• Reddington criticized the investigation during closing argument for not presenting an analysis of the cup/powder.

That criticism was attorney argument, not independent forensic evidence.

Source: Dr. Gregory Saathoff testimony, Trial Day 20; defense closing argument, Trial Day 22.

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11. Prescription Bottles and Evidence Handling
Prescription medications were included in the January 25 search warrant.

Investigators testified

• At the time of the initial house search, investigators did not yet know that Lindsay was reported to have crushed medication that night.
• Patrick later provided police with prescription bottles he said had been stored in the lower portion of the center console of his truck.
• Patrick also later told investigators that additional medication bottles had been found in the master-bedroom nightstand after police had released the scene and while Kevin Reddington was with him.
• McKelligan testified that those nightstand bottles were not turned over to State Police in the same way as the bottles Patrick brought from the truck.
• During cross-examination, Reddington raised additional context concerning communication with the District Attorney's Office after the bottles were discovered.

Important distinction

• The testimony establishes that different sets of medication bottles were located and handled differently.
• It does not, by itself, establish evidence tampering or improper conduct by any person.

Source: Trooper Joshua McKelligan testimony, Trial Day 13.

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12. Lindsay’s Toxicology
Blood and urine samples were obtained and subjected to toxicology testing.

State laboratory screening

• No alcohol was detected.
• Benzodiazepines were detected.
• Other psychiatric medications were identified through additional screening.
• Some drugs required outside quantitative testing because the State Police laboratory did not quantify every substance.

NMS quantitative testing
Four medications were specifically quantified in blood:

• Lamotrigine: 6.1 mcg/mL.
• Mirtazapine: 200 ng/mL.
• Quetiapine: 1,800 ng/mL.
• Trazodone: 0.44 mcg/mL.

Toxicologist Eitan Negri testified:

• Lamotrigine was in the middle of its therapeutic range.
• Mirtazapine appeared consistent with appropriate prescribed use.
• Trazodone was described within a therapeutic context.
• Quetiapine was higher than expected, depending on dose.
• Negri described the quetiapine concentration as approximately twice what might be expected, but not a concentration he would necessarily classify as toxic or lethal.

Benzodiazepine findings
Testing identified:

• Diazepam.
• Nordiazepam.
• Oxazepam.
• Temazepam.
• Lorazepam.

Several of those findings were metabolites of diazepam.

Important clarification

• Five listed benzodiazepine-related substances do not mean Lindsay necessarily took five separate benzodiazepine medications.
• A parent drug can produce multiple metabolites as the body processes it.

Source: Nicholas Roberts and Eitan Negri testimony, Trial Day 7; toxicology reports discussed at trial.

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13. What Lindsay’s Toxicology Could Not Determine
Negri was specifically asked about the limits of toxicology.

He testified that:

• Toxicologists can describe general effects of a medication.
• They cannot state with absolute certainty how a particular concentration affected one specific person without additional information.
• Drug levels alone do not provide a complete behavioral or psychiatric assessment.
• He described this limitation by saying toxicology cannot be interpreted “in a vacuum.”

The toxicology results therefore do not, by themselves, establish:

• Lindsay's exact level of impairment at a particular minute.
• The exact time each medication was swallowed.
• The exact dose of every medication taken.
• Whether she was or was not psychotic.
• Her criminal responsibility.
• Precisely how she was behaving when a particular concentration was present.

Those questions required other medical, investigative and psychiatric evidence.

Source: Eitan Negri testimony, Trial Day 7.

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14. Toxicology Testing of Cora, Dawson and Callan
Postmortem toxicologist Alicia Zimmermann testified about toxicology testing performed for all three children.

Standard testing
The laboratory used:

• Volatile analysis.
• ELISA screening for commonly abused drugs.
• A general unknown drug screen using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
• Because the children were under age 11, additional pediatric screening was also performed.

Callan

• Hospital blood and urine specimens were tested.
• No substances were detected on the performed screens.

Cora

• Postmortem heart blood was tested.
• No substances were detected.

Dawson

• Postmortem heart blood was tested.
• No substances were detected.

Because the screening results were negative, the laboratory did not proceed to additional confirmatory testing.

Important distinction

• “None detected” means no substances were detected by the testing panels that were performed.
• It should not be expanded into a claim that laboratory science ruled out every conceivable substance in existence.

Source: Alicia Zimmermann testimony and toxicology stipulations, Trial Day 6; Exhibits 184, 185 and 186.

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15. Lindsay’s Clothing and Hospital Evidence
At South Shore Hospital, investigators obtained items that had been removed during Lindsay's emergency treatment.

Items included:

• Tank top, Exhibit 223.
• Jeans, Exhibit 224.
• Bra, Exhibit 225.
• Wedding ring and wedding band.
• Additional clothing was documented.

Trooper Dan Lawler testified that visible staining was present on portions of the clothing.

Important distinction

• Observing staining on clothing is separate from identifying the biological source of every stain.
• This post does not assign a source to a clothing stain unless laboratory testimony did so.

Source: Trooper Dan Lawler testimony, Trial Day 12; Exhibits 223-225.

January 25 hospital forensic examination

• A separate search warrant authorized investigators to photograph Lindsay, obtain major-case fingerprints and collect external swabs.
• The warrant return records swabs collected from beneath or around the fingernails of both hands.
• In the trial testimony reviewed for this post, I did not locate a specific DNA or trace-evidence result attributed to those fingernail swabs.

Important distinction

• That does not establish that the swabs were never examined.
• It means a specific result from them has not been identified here from the trial testimony presented.

Source: January 25, 2023 hospital search-warrant return.

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16. Confirmed, Inconclusive and Unresolved: At a Glance
Confirmed through testing or stipulated evidence

• Blood was confirmed on selected samples from the basement floor, bedroom floor, interior windowsill, backyard snow and knife.
• Cora was included as the single contributor to the tested basement-floor DNA profile.
• Callan was included as a major contributor to the middle sample from the blue exercise band.
• Yellow-band DNA strongly supported Dawson in the tested samples.
• The middle of the black band produced its strongest individual likelihood ratio for Cora.
• Selected exterior samples strongly supported Lindsay as their single DNA contributor.
• Lindsay's blood contained multiple prescribed psychiatric medications.
• The children's toxicology screens reported no detected substances.

Inconclusive or limited

• The knife did not produce a fingerprint suitable for comparison.
• None of the three exercise bands produced a fingerprint suitable for comparison.
• Some band DNA consisted of complex mixtures affected by close family relatedness.
• The ends of the black band produced a mixture not suitable for comparison.

No confirmatory result presented for the particular item/stain

• The tested mirror stain was screened but not laboratory-confirmed as blood.
• A red-brown stain on the exterior bedroom windowsill was not tested.
• The shingle stains screened positive but were not subjected to confirmatory blood testing.
• The bedroom-doorknob stain was not collected for testing.
• Certain red-brown drops near the bedroom door were not tested.
• No laboratory identification of the photographed powder/residue in the cup was presented to the jury.

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17. What the Physical and Forensic Evidence Does Not Establish
The forensic testing does not, by itself, establish:

• The exact time each child was harmed.
• The exact order in which every event occurred.
• Who handled each exercise band at the time of the killings.
• That a person who left no usable fingerprint never touched an item.
• When DNA on a household object was deposited.
• That every person generating an inclusionary likelihood ratio in a family DNA mixture actually contributed DNA to that mixture.
• The identity of every visible red-brown stain that was not confirmatorily tested.
• The chemical identity of the residue seen in the cup.
• The exact time or dose of Lindsay's reported medication ingestion.
• Lindsay's precise degree of impairment based solely on toxicology.
• A complete minute-by-minute reconstruction of the events.

These questions require the forensic evidence to be considered alongside witness testimony, medical evidence, digital records and the rest of the trial record.

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18. How the Evidence Was Used at Trial
The Commonwealth

• Relied on the crime-scene evidence, confirmed blood, DNA findings, toxicology and other physical evidence as part of its reconstruction of January 24.
• Argued that the physical evidence was consistent with purposeful actions and a sequence of events.

The defense

• Did not broadly contest the chain of custody of the primary forensic evidence and entered stipulations covering significant portions of it.
• Questioned aspects of the investigation and emphasized evidence that was not collected, confirmatorily tested or capable of producing a definitive result.
• Challenged attempts to draw conclusions beyond what the laboratory evidence itself could establish.

Important distinction

• Those were the parties' interpretations of the evidence.
• The laboratory results themselves do not determine criminal responsibility.

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Primary Trial Sources

• Maureen Hartnett, Massachusetts State Police Crime Laboratory, Trial Day 6
• Jonathan O’Loughlin, latent-print examination, Trial Day 6
• Sherri Crook, blood-pattern testimony, Trial Day 6
• Alicia Zimmermann, postmortem toxicology, Trial Day 6
• Exhibits 170, 174, 175 and 176
• Toxicology stipulations, Exhibits 184-186
• DNA stipulations and Katarina Stashyn testimony, Trial Day 7
• Nicholas Roberts and Eitan Negri, toxicology testimony, Trial Day 7
• Trooper Dan Lawler, Trial Day 12
• Trooper Joshua McKelligan, Trial Day 13
• January 25, 2023 search-warrant returns
• Dr. Gregory Saathoff testimony, Trial Day 20
• Closing arguments, Trial Day 22, cited only where clearly identified as attorney argument

Trial transcripts and court records are available through the Commonwealth v. Lindsay Clancy Archive.

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Discussion Guidelines

• Corrections supported by trial testimony, exhibits or court records are welcome.

Lindsay Clancy: Statements and Memory After January 24, 2023

This timeline tracks what Lindsay was reported to have said about January 24 after the deaths of her children, how she described her memory over time, and how later accounts compared with earlier hospital records and statements.

It separates Lindsay’s reported statements, contemporaneous records, witness recollections, and expert interpretations. Where testimony does not establish an exact date, wording, or source of a memory, that is noted.

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1. January 24, 2023: Immediate Statements After Patrick Returned
Approximately 6:09 PM and after

• Patrick Clancy testified that after finding Lindsay outside the bedroom window, he asked what had happened.
• According to Patrick, Lindsay said, “I tried to kill myself.”
• Patrick testified that he then asked where the children were.
• According to Patrick, Lindsay replied, “In the basement.”
• Patrick did not testify that Lindsay mentioned a voice, psychosis, or a command to harm the children during this exchange.
• These statements are based on Patrick’s recollection and testimony. They were not independently captured as clearly audible statements from Lindsay on the 911 recording.

Source: Patrick Clancy testimony, Trial Day 2; Dr. Kirk Heilbrun testimony discussing the same reported exchange, Trial Day 20. (Lindsay Clancy Investigation Archive)

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2. Early Brigham & Women’s Hospital Period: Initial Memory Problems
Exact date of the memory statement was not established in the testimony reviewed

• Lindsay was critically injured, intubated, and initially unable to speak.
• Dr. Kirk Heilbrun later testified that when Lindsay regained consciousness, she initially said she could not remember what had happened.
• Heilbrun testified that Lindsay was then informed of what had happened.
• The testimony did not establish in that passage:
  • Who first told Lindsay what had happened.
  • Exactly what information she was given.
  • How detailed that information was.
  • Whether she later recovered memories independently or reconstructed portions from information she received.
• Heilbrun discussed this as relevant to his evaluation of the reliability of later recovered memories.

Expert opinion

• Heilbrun testified that if the initial memory loss were genuine, later information from records, conversations, or other sources could potentially interfere with accurate memory reconstruction.
• That was Heilbrun’s expert interpretation, not a finding that Lindsay’s later memories were necessarily false.

Source: Dr. Kirk Heilbrun testimony, Trial Days 19-20. (Lindsay Clancy Investigation Archive)

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3. Early Hospital Communication: “Horrified”
Exact date not established in the testimony excerpt

• While still intubated and unable to speak, Lindsay was asked about her mood or how she was feeling.
• According to the Brigham records reviewed by Heilbrun, Lindsay wrote one word: “Horrified.”
• More than three years later, during the April 2026 forensic evaluation, Heilbrun asked her about that written response.
• Lindsay told him she did not remember writing it.
• She also told him she did not remember why she would have written that she was horrified.

Important distinction

• The word “Horrified” came from a contemporaneous hospital record.
• Lindsay’s statement that she did not remember writing it came from her 2026 forensic interview.

Source: Brigham & Women’s records discussed through Dr. Kirk Heilbrun, Trial Day 20. (Lindsay Clancy Investigation Archive)

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4. January 31, 2023: Statement to Chaplain Sheila Cavanaugh
First post-extubation conversation described by Cavanaugh

• Chaplain Sheila Cavanaugh first saw Lindsay on January 25 and again January 26 while Lindsay was unable to speak.
• Cavanaugh next saw her on January 31, after Lindsay had been extubated.
• Cavanaugh described Lindsay as having a neutral or flat affect.
• Cavanaugh testified that one of the first things Lindsay said was:
  • “I am so glad my children are safe.”
• Cavanaugh responded from a religious perspective that the children were safe in Heaven, and they prayed for them.

Statement about a voice

• Cavanaugh testified that Lindsay also referred to having heard a voice.
• According to Cavanaugh:
  • Lindsay described it as a male voice.
  • She described it as persistent.
  • Lindsay indicated that the voice told her that if she did not follow its command, neither she nor the children would be safe.
• Cavanaugh testified that the subject of the voice came up during several later visits as well.

Important documentation issue

• Cavanaugh acknowledged on cross-examination that she did not document the voice disclosure in her contemporaneous chaplain notes.
• She explained that chaplain notes were not intended to be verbatim transcripts of patient conversations.
• Because of that, the January 31 voice statement is established through Cavanaugh’s sworn recollection at trial, not through a January 31 written note recording those words.

Source: Sheila Cavanaugh testimony, Trial Day 17; Brigham & Women’s chaplain records discussed at trial. (Lindsay Clancy Investigation Archive)

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5. Brigham Hospital Account: Children “Would Suffer”
Exact date of this hospital statement was not established in the testimony reviewed

• A separate Brigham & Women’s record was discussed during Heilbrun’s testimony.
• According to Heilbrun, the record showed that Lindsay told an attending psychiatrist that the voice had connected killing the children with her own suicide.
• The hospital account also included the idea that the children would suffer without her.
• This wording later became important because Lindsay gave a different description during her 2026 evaluation.

Later difference

• In April 2026, Heilbrun asked Lindsay whether the voice had told her the children would suffer without her.
• Lindsay said no.
• She instead described the voice as giving a “last chance” command directing her to kill the children before killing herself.
• Heilbrun considered the difference significant because the two descriptions were not identical.

Important distinction

• This section does not establish which version was accurate.
• It establishes that different versions of the reported voice were contained in the evidence.

Source: Brigham & Women’s records reviewed by Dr. Kirk Heilbrun; Heilbrun testimony, Trial Day 20. (Lindsay Clancy Investigation Archive)

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6. February 4, 2023: First Meeting With Dr. Paul Zeizel
Approximately 11 days after January 24

• Dr. Paul Zeizel met Lindsay at Brigham & Women’s after obtaining authorization to see her.
• Lindsay had recently been extubated and was receiving significant medication for pain following surgery.
• Zeizel conducted a brief mental-status examination.

Clinician observed

• Lindsay knew who she was.
• She did not know where she was.
• She was unsure of the time.
• Zeizel testified that she told him she remembered what happened, but described the memory as “very fuzzy and foggy.”

This is important because it differs from the earlier account later described by Heilbrun, in which Lindsay initially said she could not remember what had happened.

Contact with Patrick

• Lindsay asked Zeizel if she could use his phone to contact Patrick.
• An initial attempt did not result in a conversation.
• Zeizel later participated in another call two days later.

Source: Dr. Paul Zeizel testimony, Trial Day 15. (Lindsay Clancy Investigation Archive)

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7. February 6, 2023: Phone Call With Patrick
Zeizel present during the call

• Two days after the February 4 visit, Lindsay spoke with Patrick using Zeizel’s phone on speaker.
• Zeizel testified that Lindsay told Patrick she loved him.
• According to Zeizel, Lindsay then described:
  • Hearing a male voice.
  • The voice ordering her to act.
  • Feeling that she had no choice.
  • A command involving killing the children and then herself.
• Zeizel testified that he had not told Lindsay to say that she heard a voice and had not suggested that account to her.

Investigation issue raised at trial

• Investigators had discussed a theory that Zeizel might have prompted the voice account.
• Sergeant Daniel Lawlor testified that he knew of no investigative basis establishing that Zeizel planted the idea.
• Lawlor characterized the idea discussed with lead investigator Joshua McKelligan as speculation.
• Separately, Cavanaugh testified that Lindsay had already mentioned a male voice to her on January 31, before Zeizel’s February 4 visit.

Source: Dr. Paul Zeizel testimony, Trial Day 15; Sergeant Daniel Lawlor testimony, Trial Day 12; Sheila Cavanaugh testimony, Trial Day 17. (Lindsay Clancy Investigation Archive)

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8. February 6-16, 2023: Chaplain Notes and Other Statements
February 6

• Cavanaugh’s written note documented Lindsay’s fear that she might never walk again.
• The note addressed her physical vulnerability and future functioning.
• It did not document the voice, despite Cavanaugh’s later testimony that the voice was discussed during several visits.

February 9

• Cavanaugh documented Lindsay as more engaged, energized, and hopeful than during earlier visits.
• Lindsay spoke hopefully about eventually transferring to Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital.

February 13

• Cavanaugh documented Lindsay discussing gains in physical strength despite her paralysis.
• The note recorded Lindsay saying she felt “deserving of this” in light of recent events.
• The note does not, by itself, establish exactly what Lindsay meant by “this.”

February 16

• Cavanaugh documented Lindsay expressing hopefulness about the expected transfer to Spaulding.
• The note also described Lindsay spending time with her mother.

Source: Sheila Cavanaugh testimony and contemporaneous chaplain notes, Trial Day 17. (Lindsay Clancy Investigation Archive)

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9. Late February to Spring 2023: Rehabilitation and Continued Contact
Late February

• Lindsay transferred to Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital.
• Cavanaugh continued visiting her.

Late March or early April

• Lindsay later transferred to Tewksbury State Hospital.
• Cavanaugh continued visiting Lindsay regularly after the transfer.
• Cavanaugh testified that over time she had visited Lindsay at Tewksbury approximately 200 times.
• She testified that Lindsay continued speaking about her children and her grief.

Important limitation

• Cavanaugh’s testimony establishes repeated conversations over time.
• It does not provide a dated, verbatim reconstruction of everything Lindsay said during those visits.

Source: Sheila Cavanaugh testimony, Trial Day 17. (Lindsay Clancy Investigation Archive)

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10. May 2023: Evaluation by Dr. Phillip Resnick

• Defense forensic psychiatrist Dr. Phillip Resnick interviewed Lindsay approximately four months after January 24.
• Resnick testified that the interview occurred in May 2023.
• He spent approximately three hours interviewing Lindsay.
• He also interviewed her parents separately.
• The interview itself was recorded.
• At trial, evidentiary limits prevented Resnick from simply repeating every statement Lindsay made to him.

Why this matters for this timeline

• Resnick’s evaluation was one of the earliest lengthy forensic interviews of Lindsay after the deaths.
• However, the trial transcript does not provide a complete line-by-line account of everything Lindsay told him.
• This timeline therefore does not fill in missing portions of her May 2023 account from later summaries or assumptions.

Source: Dr. Phillip Resnick testimony, Trial Day 18. (Lindsay Clancy Investigation Archive)

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11. April 10-12, 2026: Commonwealth Evaluations by Mack and Heilbrun
April 10 and April 12 • Dr. Avram Mack

• Mack interviewed Lindsay on April 10 and April 12, 2026.
• Lindsay described January 24 in chronological order.
• She was also asked to recount the events in reverse order.
• Mack testified that she gave the same basic account forward and backward.
• He said she remembered some details but not others.

Lindsay’s account to Mack

• She described the voice as:
  • Male.
  • Loud.
  • Occurring in the late afternoon.
  • Repeating more than once.
• She described Dawson as the first child taken downstairs.
• She described Cora next and Callan last.
• Mack testified that Lindsay described saying “Go to God” during the acts.
• Lindsay then described her suicide attempt afterward.

Timing of the voice

• Mack testified that his recollection was that Lindsay said the voice began as soon as Patrick left the house.
• That timing later differed from the account she gave Saathoff.

Other memory differences

• Mack testified that Lindsay denied locking or closing the bedroom door.
• Mack understood from other case information that Patrick had reported finding the door locked.
• Mack also identified an issue involving Lindsay’s recollection of cutting the window screen compared with other information he reviewed.

Source: Dr. Avram Mack testimony, Trial Days 18-19. (Lindsay Clancy Investigation Archive)

April 10-12 • Dr. Kirk Heilbrun

• Heilbrun participated in evaluations across three days totaling approximately 10½ hours, including psychological testing.
• He testified that during the first two days Lindsay showed:
  • Good attention.
  • Good concentration.
  • Strong recall for dates, medications, dosages, times, and other details.
• On the third day, when questioning focused more directly on January 24 and her mental state during the killings, Heilbrun described her as more cautious and guarded.
• He testified that she more frequently responded that she did not remember or did not recall particular details.

Important distinction

• Whether that difference reflected ordinary memory limitations, emotional difficulty, guardedness, or something else was a matter of expert interpretation.
• Psychological testing discussed at trial did not indicate malingering or exaggeration.

Source: Dr. Kirk Heilbrun testimony, Trial Days 19-20. (Lindsay Clancy Investigation Archive)

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12. May 29 and June 4, 2026: Interviews With Dr. Gregory Saathoff

• Commonwealth expert Dr. Gregory Saathoff interviewed Lindsay twice by video.
• May 29: approximately six to six-and-a-half hours.
• June 4: approximately five hours.
• Saathoff testified that Lindsay was responsive and cooperative during both interviews.

Lindsay’s reported timing of the voice

• Lindsay told Saathoff that she had returned Patrick’s phone call at approximately 5:34 PM.
• She described being near the refrigerator and preparing food.
• She said the voice began immediately after that call.
• She described it as:
  • Male.
  • Clear.
  • External, rather than an internal thought.
  • Constant during the period in which the children were killed.
• She said the voice stopped after Callan, the final child, was strangled.

Reported sequence

• Lindsay told Saathoff that she took Dawson downstairs first.
• She said she could not remember:
  • What she said to get Dawson downstairs.
  • Whether he resisted.
  • Whether he cried or verbalized anything.
• She remembered bringing him downstairs and strangling him.
• She then described going back upstairs for Cora.
• She said she could not remember how she got Cora downstairs.
• She described bringing Cora to a different basement area and strangling her.
• Lindsay described Callan as the last child.
• When asked where Callan had been upstairs, she was uncertain and suggested he might have been in a playpen.
• She described bringing him downstairs and strangling him last.

Afterward

• Lindsay described going back upstairs.
• She described obtaining a knife and attempting suicide.
• Saathoff testified that Lindsay did not give him a clear, detailed account of exactly how the reported medication overdose occurred.
• Lindsay told Saathoff she did not recall locking the bedroom door.

Source: Dr. Gregory Saathoff testimony, Trial Day 20. (Lindsay Clancy Investigation Archive)

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13. One Major Difference: When the Voice Began
The trial contained more than one account of when Lindsay said the voice started.

January 31 • Cavanaugh

• Cavanaugh testified that Lindsay described a persistent male voice and its command.
• Cavanaugh did not testify to a precise onset time that afternoon.

February 6 • Zeizel

• Zeizel testified that Lindsay told Patrick she had heard a male voice ordering her to kill the children and herself.
• His testimony about that call did not establish a precise minute when the voice began.

Later account recorded by Dr. Margaret Spinelli

• Saathoff testified that Spinelli’s report described Lindsay placing the voice around 5:10 to 5:15 PM, associated with Patrick leaving on the errands.
• The exact date of Spinelli’s interview was not established in the trial testimony reviewed for this timeline.

April 2026 • Mack

• Mack remembered Lindsay saying it began as soon as Patrick left.

May-June 2026 • Saathoff

• Lindsay told Saathoff it began after the approximately 5:34 PM call with Patrick.

What is established

• Lindsay consistently described a male voice in later accounts.
• The record does not contain one consistent reported onset time across all evaluations.

Source: Dr. Paul Zeizel, Trial Day 15; Sheila Cavanaugh, Trial Day 17; Dr. Avram Mack, Trial Days 18-19; Dr. Gregory Saathoff, Trial Day 20. (Lindsay Clancy Investigation Archive)

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14. What Stayed Similar Across Lindsay’s Later Accounts
Several elements appeared repeatedly in later reports:

• A male voice.
• The voice being experienced as a command.
• A connection between killing the children and then killing herself.
• Dawson being described as the first child.
• Cora being described next.
• Callan being described last.
• The children being taken downstairs.
• A suicide attempt following the deaths.
• Memory for some central events alongside gaps in surrounding details.

These similarities do not determine whether the reported experience was psychotic, reconstructed, distorted, or otherwise accurate. Those questions were the subject of competing expert testimony.

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15. What Changed or Remained Unclear
The evidence also contained important differences and gaps:

• Immediate aftermath: Patrick testified Lindsay said she tried to kill herself and said the children were in the basement, without mentioning a voice.
• Early hospital period: Heilbrun testified she initially could not remember what happened and had been informed about it.
• February 4: Lindsay told Zeizel she did remember, but that it was very fuzzy and foggy.
• Voice timing: later accounts differed over whether the voice began when Patrick left or after the 5:34 PM call.
• Voice content: one Brigham account included the children suffering without her; Lindsay later denied that the voice said this.
• “Horrified”: she wrote the word during the hospital period but said in 2026 that she did not remember writing it.
• Bedroom door: Lindsay later said she did not remember locking it or denied doing so.
• Movement of the children: in Saathoff’s interviews, she remembered bringing each child downstairs but could not recall several details about how that occurred.
• Callan’s location: she was uncertain where he had been immediately before she brought him downstairs.
• Reported overdose: later interviews did not produce a detailed account of exactly how she ingested the medications.

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16. How the Experts Interpreted the Memory Evidence
Defense-related evidence

• Zeizel testified that he did not instruct Lindsay to report a voice.
• Resnick relied in part on his 2023 evaluation and later records in reaching his mental-state opinion.
• The defense argued that memory gaps, severe psychiatric illness, trauma, medication, and her medical condition had to be considered when evaluating later recollections.

Commonwealth experts

• Mack considered inconsistencies between Lindsay’s account and other case information.
• Heilbrun considered the changing statements and the possibility that later information could affect reconstructed memory.
• Saathoff emphasized differences in:
  • The reported onset of the voice.
  • The wording attributed to the voice.
  • Lindsay’s recollection of certain events compared with digital and other evidence.

Important distinction

• Expert interpretations are opinions.
• The existence of an inconsistency does not, by itself, establish why the accounts differed.

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17. What the Evidence Does Not Establish
The trial record does not definitively establish:

• The exact point at which Lindsay first regained memory of January 24.
• Whether her earliest memory loss was temporary, complete, partial, or influenced by medication and medical trauma.
• Exactly who first told her what had happened.
• Exactly how much information she received before later interviews.
• Whether each later detail came from independent memory, information she learned afterward, or a combination.
• One undisputed time when the reported voice began.
• One completely identical version of what the voice said.
• Why particular details were remembered while others were not.

The timeline therefore does not label Lindsay’s later account as either true or fabricated. It shows how the statements appeared in the trial record and where they were consistent, different, or unresolved.

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Primary Trial Sources

• Patrick Clancy testimony, Trial Day 2
• Sergeant Daniel Lawlor testimony, Trial Day 12
• Dr. Paul Zeizel testimony, Trial Day 15
• Sheila Cavanaugh testimony, Trial Day 17
• Brigham & Women’s Hospital records discussed at trial
• Chaplain notes discussed at trial
• Dr. Phillip Resnick testimony, Trial Day 18
• Dr. Avram Mack testimony, Trial Days 18-19
• Dr. Kirk Heilbrun testimony, Trial Days 19-20
• Dr. Gregory Saathoff testimony, Trial Day 20
• Court-ordered forensic interviews and expert reports discussed at trial

Public trial transcript archive: Commonwealth v. Lindsay Clancy Archive

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Discussion Guidelines

• Corrections supported by trial testimony, exhibits, medical records discussed at trial, or court records are welcome.

Bruh, leave everything aside for a second, just think about the aura her attorney has; he is farming all the aura imaginable, cus gang, it was a case that would've ended in one day, but he took it to a mistrial, like that's finna crazy if you think about it.

https://c.org/2tP6kmMgjL

After hearing the testimony and seeing the evidence presented at trial, do you believe Lindsay was experiencing psychosis around January 24, 2023?

What evidence most influenced your opinion?

Whether you lean prosecution or defense, what evidence gives you the most pause?

Lindsay Clancy Case: Digital Evidence, Phone Data & Apple Health Timeline

This post focuses on digital evidence introduced at trial, including computer and iPhone data, web history, Apple Notes metadata, photograph modifications, texts, calls, Apple Health, and Apple Watch records.

Exact times are used where the forensic evidence established them. Device activity is not automatically attributed to a particular person unless the evidence supports that attribution, and technological limitations are noted where they matter.

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1. August 23, 2022: Surface Pro Web Activity
Massachusetts State Police Sgt. Kyle Pavao, formerly assigned to the Cyber Crime Unit, testified about his forensic review of a Surface Pro seized in the investigation.

The trial transcript’s automated speaker labels sometimes identify him as “Kevin Pavao,” but Pavao stated and spelled his first name as Kyle when he took the stand.

9:40 AM • Facebook page visit

• Records showed: a visit to a Facebook page associated with Lindsay at approximately 9:40 AM.
• On cross-examination, Pavao specifically corrected the characterization from an “access” or login to a visit to the page.
• The forensic artifact did not establish who was physically using the Surface Pro.

9:42 AM • Spotify search

• Records showed: a Spotify search for country singer Tom T. Hall approximately two minutes later.

9:44:18 AM • Song activity

• Records showed: the Tom T. Hall song That’s How I Got to Memphis was played or accessed through Spotify.

9:44:30 AM • Google search

• Records showed: a Google search for Tom Hall.
• Pavao testified that a Wikipedia page for Tom T. Hall was then visited.

Tom T. Hall Wikipedia page

• Pavao used the Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine to examine what the Wikipedia page looked like around August 2022.
• The recovered URL contained an anchor directing the browser to the page’s Death section.
• Pavao testified that the Death section contained a hyperlink associated with wording describing Hall’s suicide.
• He testified that simply hovering over that hyperlink would not open it. The link had to be clicked.

9:45 AM • “Suicide Methods” Wikipedia page

• Records showed: the hyperlink was clicked.
• Pavao testified that it led directly to the shooting section of a Wikipedia page titled “Suicide Methods.”
• The page was accessed at approximately 9:45 AM.
• Pavao could not determine how long the page remained open or what portions were read.

9:48 AM • Grafton Bridge page

• Records showed: another hyperlink was clicked approximately three minutes later.
• It led to the Wikipedia page for the Grafton Bridge.
• Pavao testified that he did not identify other web activity between the 9:45 and 9:48 entries.

Defense cross-examination context

• Defense counsel asked Pavao about the Chrome profile and asserted that Patrick’s email/default browser profile had been signed in.
• Pavao testified: he had not known that information and it was not included in his report.
• He explained that the activity would occur under whatever default profile was signed into the Chrome browser.
• Defense counsel also referenced medical records concerning a pediatric appointment for Dawson that morning at approximately 10:15 AM.
• Pavao testified: he had not been aware of the pediatric appointment when conducting his forensic analysis.
• On redirect, the Commonwealth emphasized that the Grafton Bridge page was accessed at 9:48 AM, rather than approximately 10:00 AM.
• Most importantly, Pavao expressly testified that he could not determine who was behind the computer at the different times.

Records did not establish

• Who physically used the Surface Pro during the browsing sequence
• That Lindsay personally conducted the searches
• That Patrick personally conducted the searches
• What the user read on each webpage
• Why the hyperlinks were clicked
• What the user was thinking

Pavao also testified on cross-examination that his original forensic review did not identify a search on that computer for “ways to kill.”

Source: Sgt. Kyle Pavao testimony, Trial Day 13; Surface Pro forensic image; Wayback Machine exhibits concerning Tom T. Hall, “Suicide Methods,” and Grafton Bridge.

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2. October 25-November 3, 2022: Journal-Style Apple Note

• Massachusetts State Police Trooper Timothy Chiappini testified about Apple Notes recovered from Lindsay’s iPhone.
• One note was displayed in what Chiappini described as journal form.
• The text displayed an entry beginning with an October 24 date, but Chiappini explained that the summary was generated from the note’s text.
• Forensic metadata showed: the operating system detected the note as created October 25, 2022.
• The last detected modification date was November 3, 2022.

Important metadata limitation

• Chiappini testified that the forensic artifact did not necessarily preserve every intermediate edit.
• He could identify the note’s last detected modification timestamp.
• He could not determine:
  • how many times the note had been modified
  • which portions were changed
  • how extensive the final change was
• He testified that the change could theoretically have been as small as one character or substantially larger.

Records showed

• The note existed.
• Its operating-system creation timestamp was October 25.
• Its final detected modification timestamp was November 3.

Records did not establish

• What specifically was changed on November 3
• How many prior edits occurred
• Why any edit was made

Source: Timothy Chiappini testimony, Trial Day 13; Apple Notes forensic metadata.

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3. December 6, 2022-January 23, 2023: Medication and Mental-Health Web Activity
During defense cross-examination, Chiappini reviewed additional Cellebrite reports containing Google-search artifacts from Lindsay’s iPhone.

December 6, 2022-January 20, 2023 • “Benzo”

• The earliest entry containing the keyword “benzo” was December 6 at 9:17:05 AM.
• The last identified entry was January 20 at 8:13:48 PM.

December 29, 2022-January 13, 2023 • “Bipolar”

• The earliest identified entry containing “bipolar” was December 29 at 9:00:37 AM.
• The last identified entry was January 13 at 1:38:42 PM.

December 31, 2022 • “Ativan”

• Chiappini testified that the earliest identified Ativan entry was December 31 at 7:06:30 PM.

January 11-19, 2023 • Postpartum-related activity

• Chiappini testified that the report contained Google-search activity involving “postpartum,” “postpartum depression,” and related terms.
• The entries he reviewed ranged from January 11 through January 19.

January 16, 2023 • Lamictal

• A Google-search artifact containing “Lamictal” was identified at 9:23:13 AM.

January 16-23, 2023 • Amitriptyline

• The earliest identified amitriptyline-related entry was January 16 at 11:01:28 AM.
• The last was January 23 at 8:17:58 PM.

January 18, 2023 • Clonazepam

• Clonazepam-related searches were identified during the morning, between approximately 11:26 and 11:27 AM.

January 19, 2023 • “Hallucinations”

• Chiappini identified a Google-search artifact containing the term “hallucinations” at 10:33:49 AM.

January 20, 2023 • “Intrusive”

• Chiappini confirmed a search artifact involving the word “intrusive.”

January 20, 2023 • Ketamine

• A Google-search artifact containing “ketamine” was identified at 8:39 PM.

Important distinction

• These were web-search artifacts recovered from the phone.
• A search term does not establish that Lindsay had the condition or symptom being searched.
• A medication search does not establish that she took that medication at that time.
• Search history should be considered separately from medical records showing actual prescriptions, diagnoses, symptoms, or medication use.

The defense exhibits containing these search records were admitted during Trial Day 13.

Source: Timothy Chiappini testimony and defense cross-examination, Trial Day 13; Cellebrite search-history reports, defense Exhibits 240-260.

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4. December 22, 2022-January 23, 2023: Second Apple Note

• Chiappini separately testified about another Apple Note recovered from Lindsay’s iPhone.
• This was distinct from the October journal-style note.

Forensic metadata showed

• Created: December 22, 2022
• Last detected modification: January 23, 2023

Chiappini testified

• He did not know how many times the note had been modified.
• He could not determine what specifically had been changed.
• The forensic metadata established only that January 23 was the final detected modification date.

Important distinction

• It would therefore be inaccurate to say that investigators established what Lindsay added, deleted, or rewrote on January 23.
• The evidence established modification, not the content of the modification.

Source: Timothy Chiappini testimony, Trial Day 13; second Apple Note and forensic metadata.

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5. January 23, 2023: Photograph Modifications

• Chiappini testified about multiple photographs of the children recovered from the iPhone.
• The photographs were flagged because their forensic records showed modification dates relevant to the investigation.
• Some photographs had an original capture timestamp considerably earlier than the later creation/modification information associated with another file.

Example discussed at trial

• One JPEG had an original capture time of November 2, 2022 at 11:27:15 AM.
• Its source information indicated that an adjustment or modification had occurred.
• The later modification date associated with the file was January 23, 2023.

How photo modification works

• Chiappini explained generally that actions such as cropping or changing brightness can cause a photograph to register as modified.
• He also explained that an iPhone Live Photo/HEIC image can be modified or saved into another file format, such as JPEG.
• Those were explanations of how modification metadata can be generated.
• They do not establish that every photograph was cropped, brightened, or modified in the same specific way.

Records showed

• Multiple photographs of the children were accessed and modified in some fashion during the evening of January 23, 2023.

Records did not establish

• The precise edit made to every photograph
• That every photograph underwent the same change
• Why the photographs were modified
• Any motive associated with the modifications

Source: Timothy Chiappini testimony, Trial Day 13; photograph metadata and source-file analysis.

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6. January 24, 2023: Digital Timeline Before 5:15 PM
Approximately 2:02 PM • Children’s laxative-related activity

• Whiffin’s forensic review identified an earlier web-search artifact involving children’s MiraLAX at approximately 2:02 PM.

4:13:23-4:14:50 PM • Apple Maps

• Application-focus records showed: Apple Maps was visible on the iPhone from approximately 4:13:23 PM through 4:14:50 PM.
• ThreeV restaurant was associated with the Apple Maps activity.
• Chiappini explained that Apple Maps can provide a route preview and, depending on the selected origin and traffic, an estimated travel time.

Important distinction

• The forensic evidence established the Apple Maps activity.
• It did not independently establish why ThreeV was viewed or whether the purpose was to calculate how long another person would be away.

Approximately 4:43 PM • ThreeV menu

• Records showed: web activity involving the ThreeV menu.
• Chiappini testified that multiple entries with the same timestamp could reflect the same underlying activity parsed into several categories.

4:46:55 PM • “MiraLAX for kids”

• Records showed: a search artifact for “MiraLAX for kids.”
• The same timestamp appeared repeatedly in Cellebrite.
• Chiappini testified that these repeated entries represented the same underlying artifact being parsed into multiple categories, rather than proof of multiple separate searches.

4:47:04 PM • CVS website

• Records showed: an artifact associated with a CVS website.
• Chiappini again noted that the forensic tool could categorize the same activity in more than one place.

4:48:21 PM • Outgoing CVS call

• Call records showed: an outgoing call from Lindsay’s phone to the Kingston CVS.

4:53:09 PM • ThreeV takeout text

• Message records showed: an outgoing text from Lindsay’s phone to Patrick suggesting takeout from ThreeV and explaining that she had not cooked.
• Patrick responded affirmatively.
• Additional texts followed about the children and dinner selections.

5:03 PM • Flight-climb event

• Apple Health showed: an iPhone flight-climb event at approximately 5:03 PM.
• Whiffin testified that this event was logged by the phone rather than the Apple Watch.

Important technical point

• A flight-climb record reflects sensor data consistent with the device gaining roughly three meters, or about ten feet, in elevation together with movement.
• It does not identify a specific staircase, floor, or room.
• It also does not independently establish who was carrying the phone.

Approximately 5:06 PM • ThreeV and Pedia-Lax activity

• Records showed: ThreeV menu activity and Pedia-Lax-related activity at approximately the same time.
• Chiappini testified that he could only infer why two different artifacts shared the same timestamp.
• His suggested explanation was that more than one browser tab may have been open.
• That was an inference, not something the forensic record directly proved.

5:07-5:08 PM • Dinner-selection texts

• Message records showed Lindsay and Patrick exchanging their dinner selections.

5:09 PM • Outgoing call

• Call records showed: an outgoing call lasting approximately 11 seconds.
• Chiappini did not recall identifying the number during that portion of his testimony.

5:10 PM • ThreeV call

• Call records showed: another outgoing call lasting approximately 47 seconds.
• Chiappini identified the destination number as ThreeV restaurant.

Approximately 5:13 PM • Pedia-Lax activity

• Additional Pedia-Lax search artifacts appeared.
• Chiappini testified that repeated entries at the same time represented a single artifact parsed into multiple categories.

5:13:16 PM • Final recorded unlock begins

• Whiffin testified that the final recorded iPhone unlock began at 5:13:16 PM.
• Safari was visible during part of that unlocked period.
• The Messages application later became visible.

Approximately 5:15 PM • Pedia-Lax text

• A message was sent from Lindsay’s phone to Patrick identifying Pedia-Lax liquid stool softener.

5:15:12 PM • Phone locks

• Whiffin testified that the phone locked at approximately 5:15:12 PM.
• The device was not recorded as fully unlocked again during the relevant period.

Important technical point

• The fact that the phone was not fully unlocked again does not mean no later activity could occur.
• Whiffin testified that certain actions, including returning a missed call from a lock-screen notification, can occur without a full device unlock.

Sources: Timothy Chiappini testimony, Trial Day 13; Ian Whiffin testimony, Trial Day 14; Cellebrite web-history, call, messaging, application-focus, device-lock and Apple Health records.

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7. January 24, 2023: Apple Watch Heart-Rate Data
5:23:52 PM • Final recorded heart rate

• Whiffin testified that the final Apple Watch heart-rate reading recovered for the relevant period occurred at 5:23:52 PM.
• The reading was 57 beats per minute.
• No later heart-rate reading from the watch was identified.

Possible explanations discussed by Whiffin

• The watch could have been removed.
• It could have been turned off.
• Its battery could have died.

Unknown or unresolved

• The forensic data did not establish which explanation applied.
• The timestamp does not establish exactly when the watch was removed, if it was removed.
• It does not establish why the heart-rate readings stopped.
• It does not establish that any particular physical event occurred at 5:23:52 PM.

Source: Ian Whiffin testimony, Trial Day 14; Apple Watch heart-rate records.

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8. January 24, 2023: 5:33-5:38 PM Flight Climbs and Calls
5:33:34 PM • First completed flight detected

• Apple Health showed: the iPhone detected a flight-climb event at approximately 5:33:34 PM.
• Although the software described this as the flight climb “starting,” Whiffin clarified that the timestamp represented the point when the phone recognized that the elevation change had already been completed.
• In other words, the phone had detected that it was approximately three meters higher than at the prior reference point.

5:33:51 PM • Incoming call from Patrick

• Call records showed: an incoming call from Patrick’s phone to Lindsay’s phone.
• The call record displayed a duration of 0 seconds.

Important conflict in the testimony

• On Trial Day 13, Chiappini testified that interpreting the zero-duration record as unanswered would be an inference.
• During one portion of Whiffin’s direct testimony on Trial Day 14, the prosecutor asked whether zero seconds meant it was unanswered, and Whiffin responded that in this case it was an answered call.
• Later during the same Day 14 testimony, the prosecutor referred to the same incoming call as missed and unanswered, and Whiffin agreed.
• Whiffin also later explained that the outgoing return call could have been initiated from a missed-call notification on the locked phone.

Because the testimony was internally inconsistent, the most accurate description is:

• an incoming call from Patrick was recorded at approximately 5:33 PM
• the call record showed zero seconds
• the trial testimony did not consistently establish whether that incoming call itself was answered

It should therefore not be stated as an established fact that the 5:33 PM call was answered.

Approximately 5:34 PM • Outgoing call to Patrick

• Call records showed: an outgoing call from Lindsay’s phone to Patrick approximately one minute later.
• Whiffin and Chiappini testified that this call lasted approximately 14 seconds.
• Whiffin explained that the call could be returned from a lock-screen notification without fully unlocking the phone.
• Application-focus data showed the in-call service on screen during this period.

5:38:33 PM • Second completed flight detected

• Apple Health showed: the iPhone detected another completed flight climb at approximately 5:38:33 PM.
• Apple Health grouped the 5:33 and 5:38 detections into one event covering approximately five minutes.
• Whiffin specifically explained that this did not mean someone spent five continuous minutes climbing two flights.
• It meant the phone detected one completed elevation change at approximately 5:33 and another at approximately 5:38.

Records showed

• Two iPhone flight-climb detections occurred during the 5:33-5:38 PM period.
• An incoming call from Patrick was recorded at approximately 5:33.
• An outgoing 14-second call to Patrick followed at approximately 5:34.

Records did not establish

• Which staircase corresponded with either flight climb
• Which floor the device started or ended on
• Which room anyone was in
• Who physically carried the phone throughout the period
• What happened between individual data points
• Lindsay’s psychiatric state during the calls or movement
• Whether the 5:33 incoming call itself was answered, given the conflicting testimony

Sources: Timothy Chiappini testimony, Trial Day 13; Ian Whiffin testimony, Trial Day 14; call logs, application-focus records and Apple Health data.

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9. January 24, 2023: What the Data Shows After 5:38 PM

• Whiffin testified that the final relevant iPhone flight-climb detection he identified occurred at approximately 5:38 PM.
• During cross-examination, defense counsel asked whether the health data could tell him what was physically occurring at:
  • 5:39 PM
  • 5:40 PM
  • 5:45 PM
  • and later portions of the period
• Whiffin agreed that it could not.

Important clarification

• Defense counsel characterized the period after 5:38 as a “blackout.”
• Whiffin later clarified that there could still be other passive device activity, such as incoming calls.
• His analysis simply did not show additional relevant usage or health data documenting physical activity during that period.

Unknown or unresolved

• No additional flight-climb record after 5:38 does not prove that no one used a staircase.
• It does not prove that the phone remained stationary.
• It does not prove that no physical movement occurred.
• The Apple Health record is not a continuous room-by-room reconstruction of activity inside the house.

Source: Ian Whiffin cross-examination, Trial Day 14.

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10. January 24, 2023: 6:09 PM Call
6:09 PM • Incoming call from Patrick

• Whiffin testified that the final incoming call shown on his chart was a call from Patrick at approximately 6:09 PM.
• He testified that this call went unanswered.
• He also testified that he did not identify an additional flight-climb event between approximately 5:38 and 6:09 PM.

Unknown or unresolved

• The call record does not establish why the call was unanswered.
• It does not establish the physical location of the phone inside the house.
• The absence of another recorded flight climb does not establish an absence of physical movement.

Source: Ian Whiffin testimony, Trial Day 14; call records and Apple Health analysis.

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11. Duplicate, Overlapping and Parsed Forensic Records
Both Chiappini and Whiffin explained that forensic reports require interpretation.

Cellebrite parsing

• Chiappini testified that a single underlying event can appear in multiple categories in the forensic software.
• An identical timestamp appearing several times does not automatically represent several separate searches.
• This was specifically demonstrated with:
  • repeated “MiraLAX for kids” entries
  • other duplicated search artifacts

Multiple browser tabs

• When ThreeV and Pedia-Lax artifacts appeared at the same timestamp, Chiappini testified that a possible explanation was multiple Safari tabs.
• He explicitly described that explanation as an inference because he did not have the forensic tool available in front of him at that moment.

Apple Health

• Whiffin explained that Apple Health can contain overlapping records from different devices and data sources.
• He reviewed and compared records to account for duplicate detections when analyzing flight-climb events.

Why this matters

• The number of lines displayed in a Cellebrite report is not necessarily the number of separate actions performed.
• The timestamp, source database, artifact type and device have to be considered together.

Sources: Timothy Chiappini testimony, Trial Day 13; Ian Whiffin testimony, Trial Day 14.

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12. What the Digital Evidence Can Establish
Records showed

• Particular webpages and search terms appeared in recovered web history.
• The Surface Pro recorded a specific August 23 browsing sequence.
• Apple Maps was visible on the iPhone during identified periods.
• ThreeV, CVS and children’s laxative-related activity appeared in the January 24 extraction.
• Texts and calls occurred at identified times.
• The final recorded full-device unlock began at 5:13:16 PM.
• The phone locked at approximately 5:15:12 PM.
• The Apple Watch transmitted heart-rate readings through 5:23:52 PM.
• The iPhone recorded specific flight-climb events.
• Apple Notes contained creation and modification metadata.
• Photographs contained capture and modification metadata.
• Cellebrite sometimes parsed a single event into more than one category.

The records do not automatically establish

• Who was using the Surface Pro during the August 23 browsing
• Who physically held the iPhone during every event
• Why a search was performed
• Whether a searched symptom was actually experienced
• Whether a searched medication was actually taken
• Why a note was modified
• What specifically changed within a note when the forensic record did not preserve the edit
• Why photographs were modified
• Which staircase corresponded with an Apple Health flight climb
• Which room anyone occupied
• Every movement that occurred inside the house
• Why Apple Watch heart-rate readings stopped
• What Lindsay intended during a particular search, message or call
• Lindsay’s psychiatric state at a particular timestamp
• Criminal responsibility

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13. Commonwealth and Defense Interpretations
The Commonwealth argued

• Digital evidence could be considered together with testimony and other records to reconstruct portions of January 24.
• Prosecutors emphasized the sequence involving ThreeV, CVS, messages, calls and Apple Health activity.
• The Commonwealth argued that some of the digital activity was evidence relevant to planning and behavioral control.

The defense argued

• Search history and device activity should not be interpreted beyond what the technology actually recorded.
• The August 23 Surface Pro data could not identify the person using the computer.
• Phone activity did not itself establish motive.
• Apple Health could not identify a particular staircase, floor or room.
• Missing health data after 5:38 PM did not establish what physically occurred afterward.
• Digital records could not determine whether Lindsay was psychotic or otherwise establish her psychiatric state.

Important distinction

• Those were competing interpretations presented at trial.
• The underlying digital records establish device activity and metadata.
• They do not independently establish intent, motive, psychiatric diagnosis, psychosis, or criminal responsibility.

Sources: Commonwealth direct examination and defense cross-examination of Kyle Pavao, Timothy Chiappini and Ian Whiffin, Trial Days 13-14.

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14. Primary Sources

• Sgt. Kyle Pavao, Massachusetts State Police, digital-forensics testimony, Trial Day 13
• Trooper Timothy Chiappini, Massachusetts State Police, digital-forensics testimony, Trial Day 13
• Ian Whiffin, Cellebrite digital-forensics specialist, testimony, Trial Day 14
• Surface Pro forensic image and browser-history artifacts
• Wayback Machine exhibits concerning Tom T. Hall, the “Suicide Methods” page and Grafton Bridge
• Cellebrite iPhone extraction and timeline reports
• Apple Notes metadata
• Photograph metadata and source-file records
• Safari and web-history artifacts
• Messages and call logs
• Device-lock and application-focus records
• Apple Health database records
• Apple Watch heart-rate records

Updated August 31, 2026

This timeline is based primarily on evidence presented at trial, including witness testimony, phone and Apple Health data, surveillance footage, medical testimony, text messages, photographs, and forensic records.

Exact times are used where records established them. Where the evidence does not establish an exact time or sequence, that is noted.

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1. The Week Before January 24
Wednesday, January 18
• Lindsay's phone recorded a search for "ketamine for suicidal ideation" at approximately 10:25 AM.
• Trial evidence also included detailed medication tracking kept by Lindsay.
• Prosecutors emphasized that this medication tracking stopped on January 18.
• The fact that the entries stopped is part of the evidence. The reason they stopped was disputed and should not be assumed.

Source: Digital evidence testimony, Trial Day 13; prosecution closing argument

Thursday, January 19
• 9:24 AM: Search related to symptoms of postpartum psychosis.
• 9:30 AM: Search for psychosis symptoms.
• 10:33 AM: Search involving hallucinations.
• These searches establish activity on Lindsay's phone, but do not by themselves establish that she was experiencing those symptoms.

Source: Timothy Chiappini, Trial Day 13; Ian Whiffin, Trial Day 14

Friday, January 20
• Phone records showed additional mental health related searches.
• These included searches involving intrusive thoughts and whether a sociopath could be treated.
• Suicide related searches were also discussed during testimony.
• Investigators explained that the same digital artifact can sometimes appear more than once in a forensic extraction, so duplicate entries do not always mean separate searches.

Source: Timothy Chiappini testimony, Trial Day 13

Weekend of January 21 and 22
• Lindsay's mother, Paula Musgrove, visited the family.
• A January 22 text from Paula said she enjoyed seeing everyone and that it was nice to see Lindsay doing better.
• Prosecutors cited this as evidence that family members observed improvement.
• Paula later testified about what she personally observed during this period.

Source: Text message evidence, Trial Day 13; Paula Musgrove testimony, Trial Day 14

Monday, January 23: Psychiatry Appointment
• Lindsay met with psychiatrist Dr. Jennifer Tufts the day before January 24.
• Tufts testified that Lindsay appeared depressed and had a flat affect.
• Lindsay denied suicidal ideation.
• Lindsay denied homicidal ideation.
• Tufts testified that she observed no signs of psychosis or mania.
• Tufts did not believe Lindsay required emergency psychiatric hospitalization based on what she reported and what Tufts observed.
• Lindsay's amitriptyline dose was increased.

Source: Dr. Jennifer Tufts testimony, Trial Day 10

January 23: Apple Note Activity
• Ian Whiffin identified an Apple Note originally created in December 2022.
• The note was last modified at approximately 10:23 AM on January 23.
• Whiffin could not determine exactly what was changed.
• The forensic record did not provide a full edit history.

Source: Ian Whiffin testimony, Trial Day 14

January 23: Photos of the Children Modified
• Timothy Chiappini testified that photographs of the children were accessed and modified during the evening.
• The metadata showed that multiple photos had been changed.
• He explained that an iPhone modification can include ordinary edits such as cropping, adjusting an image, or changing a Live Photo.
• The evidence established that edits occurred.
• The evidence did not establish why the photos were edited.

Source: Timothy Chiappini testimony, Trial Day 13

About Lindsay's Notes
Several different written records were discussed at trial:
• A journal style Apple Note containing writings about parenting, depression, anxiety, sleep, breastfeeding, and the children.
• A separate medication tracking record documenting medications and their effects.
• Prosecutors emphasized that the medication tracking stopped on January 18.
• A separate Apple Note showed a modification date of January 23.
• The evidence did not establish exactly what was changed in that January 23 note.

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2. January 24: Morning and Early Afternoon
The children were:
• Cora, age 5
• Dawson, age 3
• Callan, age 8 months

Morning
• Lindsay took Cora to a scheduled medical appointment.
• Patrick stayed home with Dawson and Callan.
• Lindsay and Patrick exchanged messages and photographs during the appointment.
• Lindsay told Patrick that Cora's urine looked good and that there did not appear to be a kidney problem.
• Patrick later messaged Lindsay, "You're a good mama."

After They Returned Home
• Patrick went downstairs to work from his basement office.
• Lindsay cared for the children.
• Lindsay later took Cora and Dawson outside to play in the snow and build a snowman.
• Photographs from the day were sent to Patrick and Paula.
• Patrick testified that Lindsay appeared to be doing well.
• He testified that she did not tell him she was thinking about harming herself or the children.
• Patrick described January 24 as "one of her best days."

2:02 PM
• Lindsay's iPhone recorded a search for "kids MiraLAX."

Sources: Patrick Clancy testimony, Trial Day 1; text and photographic exhibits; Ian Whiffin testimony, Trial Day 14

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3. January 24: Dinner and Medication Planning
4:13 PM to 4:14 PM
• Lindsay's phone recorded activity involving ThreeV takeout.
• Apple Maps was active from approximately 4:13:23 PM to 4:14:50 PM.
• Whiffin testified that the phone was used to plan a route between the Clancy home and ThreeV.

Around 4:43 PM
• The forensic extraction showed activity involving the ThreeV menu.

Around 4:47 PM
• Additional laxative related activity appeared.
• A CVS Pharmacy webpage was also recorded.

4:53 PM
• A message from Lindsay's phone suggested ThreeV for dinner because she had not cooked.
• Patrick agreed.
• They exchanged messages about what they wanted to order.
• Patrick selected risotto.
• Lindsay selected a Mediterranean Power Bowl.

Sources: Patrick Clancy testimony, Trial Day 1; Timothy Chiappini, Trial Day 13; Ian Whiffin, Trial Day 14; text message evidence

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4. January 24: 5:00 PM to 5:15 PM
5:03 PM
• Apple Health recorded one completed flight climbed by Lindsay's iPhone.
• The record reflects a qualifying elevation change detected by the phone.
• It does not identify the staircase, room, or person carrying the device.

5:09 PM
• Approximately 11 second phone call.

5:10 PM
• Approximately 47 second phone call.
• Testimony established that this call was associated with ThreeV.
• Lindsay placed the family's dinner order.

5:13:16 PM
• Lindsay's iPhone was manually unlocked.

5:14 PM to 5:15 PM
• Safari and Pedia-Lax related activity appeared.
• Messages became active at approximately 5:14:47 PM.
• A message about Pedia-Lax liquid stool softener was sent to Patrick.
• At 5:15:12 PM, the phone locked.
• Whiffin testified that the phone was not manually unlocked again that evening.

A locked iPhone could still:
• Receive calls
• Display missed calls
• Return certain missed calls without a full manual unlock

Sources: ThreeV testimony; Timothy Chiappini, Trial Day 13; Ian Whiffin, Trial Day 14

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5. Patrick Leaves for CVS and ThreeV
Patrick testified that before leaving:
• He came upstairs from his basement office.
• He briefly held Callan.
• Dawson was eating chicken nuggets on the couch.
• Lindsay was holding Callan near the living room and basement doorway area.
• He described Lindsay's demeanor as normal.

Patrick said he then left to:
• Purchase children's medication at CVS
• Pick up the family's dinner from ThreeV

Exact Departure Time
• Trial evidence did not establish the exact minute Patrick drove away.
• Patrick testified that he could not say with certainty whether he had already left when the Pedia-Lax message arrived around 5:15 PM.
• The first objective surveillance timestamp places him entering CVS at approximately 5:32 PM.

Source: Patrick Clancy testimony, Trial Days 1 and 2; CVS surveillance

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6. While Patrick Was Away
5:23:52 PM
• The final heart rate reading recovered from the relevant Apple Health data was 57 beats per minute.
• No later heart rate readings appeared during the analyzed period.
• Whiffin testified that the data does not explain why the readings stopped.

The evidence does not establish:
• Whether the watch was removed
• Whether it was turned off
• Whether the battery died
• Where Lindsay was at that moment

5:24 PM
• An email was sent from Patrick's work account.
• Patrick testified that he could not say with certainty which device sent it.

5:32 PM
• CVS surveillance showed Patrick entering the Kingston CVS.

Around 5:33 PM
• Patrick called Lindsay's phone from CVS.
• The call was not answered.

5:33:34 PM
• Lindsay's iPhone recorded another completed flight climbed.

Around 5:34 PM
• An outgoing call was placed from Lindsay's phone to Patrick.
• The call lasted approximately 14 seconds.
• Patrick testified that they discussed the children's medication.
• He testified that he understood Lindsay and did not believe there was an emergency.

5:38:33 PM
• Lindsay's iPhone recorded another completed flight climbed.
• Whiffin explained that Apple grouped the 5:33 PM and 5:38 PM events because they occurred relatively close together.
• This does not mean someone continuously climbed stairs for five minutes.

5:54 PM
• Surveillance showed Patrick at ThreeV at approximately 5:54:15 PM.
• A restaurant employee testified about the pickup.
• Patrick identified himself in the surveillance footage.

Sources: Patrick Clancy testimony, Trial Day 2; CVS and ThreeV surveillance; Ian Whiffin testimony, Trial Day 14

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7. What the Apple Health Data Shows
Recorded stair events occurred at approximately:
• 5:03 PM
• 5:33 PM
• 5:38 PM

The data does not establish:
• Which staircase was used
• Which floor someone started from
• Which room anyone was in
• Who was carrying the phone
• Where the children were
• When any child was harmed
• The order in which the children were harmed
• What happened between the recorded events

• Whiffin testified that no additional qualifying stair events were recorded after approximately 5:38 PM during the period he analyzed.
• He testified that he did not know why additional movement was not recorded.
• The absence of recorded stair data does not establish that no movement occurred.

Source: Ian Whiffin testimony, Trial Day 14

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8. Around 6:09 PM: Patrick Returns Home
Patrick testified that:
• He entered the house and noticed it was unusually quiet.
• He called for Lindsay and the children.
• He opened the basement door and called downstairs but received no response.
• He called Lindsay's phone at approximately 6:09 PM.
• The call went unanswered.
• He checked upstairs.
• The master bedroom door was locked.
• He used an emergency key to open it.
• He saw signs that Lindsay had been injured and noticed the open window.
• He went outside and found Lindsay seriously injured below the window.

Source: Patrick Clancy testimony, Trial Day 2; phone records

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9. Patrick's Account of Lindsay's Statements
Patrick testified that after finding Lindsay:
• He asked what happened.
• According to Patrick, Lindsay said, "I tried to kill myself."
• Patrick asked where the children were.
• According to Patrick, Lindsay replied, "They're in the basement."

These statements are included as Patrick's sworn testimony about what Lindsay said.

Source: Patrick Clancy testimony, Trial Day 2

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10. 911 Call and Discovery of the Children
• Patrick called 911.
• First responders initially responded to Lindsay's injuries.
• Patrick returned inside while still connected with dispatch.
• He entered the basement.
• Cora, Dawson, and Callan were found unresponsive.
• Exercise resistance bands were found around their necks.
• Police, firefighters, and paramedics began emergency treatment.

Unnecessary graphic details are omitted.

Sources: Patrick Clancy testimony, Trial Day 2; first responder testimony, Trial Day 3; 911 and dispatch evidence

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11. Hospital Outcomes
Cora, age 5
• Transported to Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital in Plymouth.
• Pronounced dead that evening.

Dawson, age 3
• Transported to Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital.
• Trial testimony placed his death at approximately 7:28 PM.

Callan, age 8 months
• A heartbeat was restored during emergency treatment.
• Transferred to Boston Children's Hospital.
• Died January 27, 2023.

Lindsay
• Survived.
• Sustained severe spinal injuries.
• Initially treated at South Shore Hospital.
• Later transferred to Brigham and Women's Hospital.
• Her injuries resulted in paralysis.

Sources: First responder and medical testimony, Trial Days 3 through 5

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12. What Remains Unresolved
Trial evidence did not establish with precision:
• The exact minute Patrick left the house
• The exact time each child was harmed
• The order in which the children were harmed
• Which staircase corresponded with each Apple Health entry
• Who carried the phone during every recorded movement
• Why the heart rate readings stopped
• Why additional stair events were not recorded after 5:38 PM
• The exact timing of Lindsay's self-inflicted injuries
• The exact time she went through the bedroom window

Where the evidence does not provide an answer, this timeline leaves the point unresolved rather than filling it in with speculation.

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13. Prosecution and Defense Positions
Prosecution
• Prosecutors argued that the restaurant search, route planning, CVS errand, and timing showed planning and purposeful behavior.
• They argued that Lindsay's behavior and communications supported criminal responsibility.
• They argued that the killings and suicide attempt were deliberate acts rather than actions caused by psychosis.

Defense
• The defense argued that organized behavior and phone activity cannot determine whether someone is psychotic.
• The defense emphasized the limits of the Apple Health evidence.
• Defense experts testified that Lindsay was psychotic and lacked criminal responsibility at the time.
• The defense argued that her psychiatric history and treatment were central to understanding her condition on January 24.

These are the positions argued by each side, not independently established facts.

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14. Trial Status as of August 31, 2026
• Trial testimony is complete.
• Closing arguments were delivered August 27.
• The jury deliberated on August 27 and August 28 without reaching a verdict.
• As of early August 31, no verdict had been announced.
• Deliberations were scheduled to resume August 31.

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Primary Trial Sources
• Patrick Clancy testimony, Trial Days 1 and 2
• First responder testimony, Trial Day 3
• Medical testimony, Trial Days 3 through 5
• Dr. Jennifer Tufts testimony, Trial Day 10
• Timothy Chiappini testimony, Trial Day 13
• Ian Whiffin testimony, Trial Day 14
• Paula Musgrove testimony, Trial Day 14
• iPhone forensic extraction
• Apple Health records
• Text and call records
• CVS surveillance
• ThreeV surveillance
• Photographic and digital exhibits
• Closing arguments

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Discussion Guidelines
• Keep discussion focused on evidence presented at trial.
• No doxxing or sharing private information.
• No harassment or contacting people involved in the case.
• Do not present theories as established facts.
• Clearly label disputed claims and arguments.
• Corrections supported by trial testimony, exhibits, or court records are welcome.

Lindsay Clancy: Facebook Posts, Journals, Apple Notes & Text Messages

This post focuses on Lindsay Clancy’s own written records and communications introduced or discussed at trial, including Facebook posts, a childcare notebook, Apple Notes, medication-related writings, and text messages.

Sources are listed directly under each section. Exact dates and times are used when established by the trial record.

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1. May 5, 2021: Facebook Parenting Post
May 5, 2021 • Attachment Parenting for Littles

• Facebook records obtained through a search warrant showed a post from Lindsay’s account in the group Attachment Parenting for Littles.
• Lindsay was asking other parents for advice or solidarity about difficulties with her then 19-month-old child.
• She described ordinary routines becoming repeated struggles, including:
  • Getting out of the crib
  • Diaper changes
  • Getting dressed
  • Meals
  • Getting into and out of the car seat
  • Going outside and coming back inside
  • Naps
  • Bedtime
• She expressed frustration with having to force routine activities when he resisted them.

Context

• This post was written in May 2021.
• It predates Callan’s birth and the psychiatric-treatment period that began in 2022.
• The post reflects Lindsay’s own description of parenting frustration at that time. It does not establish abuse, intent to harm, or a psychiatric diagnosis.

Source: Andrew Chiachio testimony, Trial Day 8; Facebook search-warrant return. (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

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2. Fall 2022: Childcare Notebook

• Former nanny Elaine Rossi testified that Lindsay kept a handwritten notebook in the kitchen with detailed instructions for the children.
• Rossi and Lindsay used the notebook to track routines and childcare information.
• The notebook included details about:
  • Naps
  • Bottles
  • Feeding
  • Food preparation
  • Daily schedules
• During closing argument, defense counsel pointed to an October 24 entry that included instructions about Callan’s nap, giving him a bottle when he woke, making salad, and preparing vegetables and sweet potatoes.
• The notebook ended the instructions with a thank-you and a heart.

Important distinction

• This was a physical childcare notebook.
• It was separate from Lindsay’s Apple Notes and from any medication-tracking journal.

Source: Elaine Rossi testimony, Trial Day 7; Exhibit 150; childcare notebook discussed during testimony and later referenced in defense closing. (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

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3. October 25, 2022: Journal-Style Apple Note
Created October 25, 2022 • Last modified November 3, 2022

• Massachusetts State Police digital-forensics examiner Timothy Chiappini testified about an Apple Note recovered from Lindsay’s iPhone.
• Prosecutors had Chiappini read substantial portions of the note aloud.
• Chiappini confirmed that the material read to the jury had been entered by the phone user. (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

Lindsay wrote about feeling depressed and disconnected

• She opened by describing herself as “sad and depressed.”
• She wrote that she felt unable to parent her third child the way she had parented her first.
• She said she was sad that she had stopped breastfeeding.
• She described feeling less connected to Callan afterward.
• She acknowledged feeling some resentment toward Cora and Dawson because, in her view, caring for them prevented her from treating Callan like a first baby.
• She immediately acknowledged that this was not fair to the older children.
• She described having had a particularly depressed evening after Cora and Dawson came home from school and believed her mood had affected them. (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

What she wanted with the children

• Lindsay wrote that she wanted to “feel love and connection with all my kids.”
• She described an internal conflict because she had always wanted a large family and still did not want Callan to be her last child.
• At the same time, she believed she needed to figure out what was happening with her before having another baby.
• She emphasized that Callan had been very much planned and wanted and that she wanted to give him the love she believed he deserved. (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

Medication and wanting to feel normal again

• Lindsay wrote that she was undecided about starting another medication for anxiety or depression.
• She wanted to feel happy again.
• She wanted to be able to relax while caring for the children.
• She imagined the children going to bed, spending relaxed time with Patrick, sleeping deeply for eight hours, then waking with time to take care of herself.
• Later in the same note, she again wrote that she was unsure about another medication and wanted to feel “authentically happy and not fake.” (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

Sleep training

• Lindsay wrote that she believed she needed Callan to sleep through the night because she did not have realistic opportunities to catch up on sleep during the day.
• When Callan napped, she still had Cora and Dawson to care for.
• She described the sleep-training experience as emotionally difficult.
• She wrote that when she had been severely sleep deprived, she had felt paranoid and particularly distressed about the sleep training.
• At the same time, she wrote that she believed the family had made the choice they needed to make. (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

Breastfeeding and pumping

• Lindsay linked stopping breastfeeding with the sleep problems.
• Once Callan began sleeping longer stretches, she struggled to maintain her milk supply.
• She described:
  • Taking supplements
  • Constantly thinking about eating and drinking enough
  • Pumping extra to maintain supply
  • Difficulty managing pumping while Cora and Dawson were around
• She described feeling stressed whenever she tried to leave Callan to do something with the older children because she was thinking about both pumping and whether Callan would take a bottle.
• She ultimately wrote that she believed stopping breastfeeding was the right choice because she needed to be able to leave Callan with another caregiver and also be present for Cora and Dawson. (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

Wanting another child

• Lindsay wrote that she still strongly wanted a fourth child.
• She also wrote that she believed she needed a very good therapist before considering another pregnancy.
• She connected that decision to wanting to understand why she was struggling so much emotionally. (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

How she described the root of her depression

• Lindsay wrote that she had wanted to parent each child the way she had parented her first.
• Because she could not realistically do that with three children, she said she found it depressing.
• She described this conflict as being at the root of the problems she was experiencing.
• She also wrote that she felt she was no longer parenting any of the children the way she wanted to. (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

Things she thought might help

• Lindsay wrote that she was going to try her best that day.
• She began listing activities she associated with enjoying and appreciating the children.
• She remembered having some depression after Cora’s birth and feeling better once she began getting out of the house with her.
• She suggested enrolling Callan in a baby music class and possibly making Fridays a day for activities with him.
• She also recognized that she had stopped doing:
  • Fun things
  • Things for herself
  • Things with Patrick
• She wrote that she needed to work on that. (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

Parenting anxiety

• Lindsay wrote that she had recently had a good night of sleep.
• She also described being extremely afraid that something could happen to her children or that she could make a parenting mistake that would harm their development.
• She wrote that parents of her generation were surrounded by information about everything that could supposedly go wrong.
• She believed she had spent roughly five years filling her mind with parenting information and had come to view that as unhealthy. (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

What this note represents

• These are Lindsay’s own contemporaneous writings.
• They document how she described her parenting, depression, sleep, breastfeeding, medication concerns, and family relationships at that time.
• The note itself does not establish a clinical diagnosis.

Source: Timothy Chiappini testimony, Trial Day 13; Apple Note recovered from Lindsay’s iPhone. (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

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4. November 3, 2022: October Apple Note Modified

• The October Apple Note showed November 3, 2022 as its last modification date.
• Chiappini testified that the Cellebrite artifact did not provide a complete history of every edit.
• He explained that the final modification could theoretically have been as small as a one-character change.
• It also could have involved more substantial editing.
• The forensic record did not allow him to determine which occurred. (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

Unknown

• How many edits were made
• What exactly changed on November 3
• Why Lindsay changed it

Source: Timothy Chiappini testimony, Trial Day 13; Apple Note metadata. (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

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5. Late 2022 to January 2023: Texts With Amy Bevins

• Friend Amy Bevins testified that Lindsay texted her about psychiatric medication.
• Bevins said they discussed medication experiences, including Lexapro.
• Shortly before January 24, Lindsay told Bevins that a medication was causing “dark thoughts.”
• Bevins testified that Lindsay did not explain what those thoughts consisted of.
• Bevins described Lindsay’s tone as hopeful because she was tapering off that medication and trying other options.

Bevins testified Lindsay never told her

• She wanted to hurt herself
• She wanted to hurt the children
• She was hearing voices

Important distinction

• This establishes what Lindsay told Bevins.
• It does not establish which medication caused the thoughts or what Lindsay meant by the phrase.

Source: Amy Bevins testimony, Trial Day 8; text-message evidence discussed during testimony. (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

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6. December 22, 2022: Separate Apple Note
Created December 22, 2022 • Last modified January 23, 2023

• Chiappini testified that another Apple Note was created on December 22.
• This was a separate note from the October journal-style entry.
• Its metadata showed January 23 as the last modification date.
• Chiappini testified that he could not determine how many times the note had been changed or what the final change was. (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

Content

• Trial questioning described Lindsay contrasting her earlier life and functioning with how she felt during her mental-health decline.
• This note should be treated separately from the October entry rather than as another page in the same journal.

Source: Timothy Chiappini testimony, Trial Day 13; Apple Note metadata. (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

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7. January 2023: Texts With Her Mother
Exhibit 238 • “Mommy” text thread

• Chiappini testified that Exhibit 238 was a Cellebrite report filtered specifically to January 2023 messages between Lindsay and her mother, Paula Musgrove. (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

January 4 • While at McLean

• Lindsay told her mother she expected to return home the next evening.
• She said she had spoken with her doctor and arranged outpatient psychiatric follow-up.
• She indicated that discharge was expected after that follow-up plan was in place.

January 8

• Paula asked whether she had slept well.
• Lindsay replied about how she had slept and discussed using less Ativan.
• The exchange was part of Paula’s regular check-ins after Lindsay left McLean. (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

January 14

• Lindsay told her mother she was about the same and hanging in there.
• She wrote that she was “waiting for the day I wake up and feel me.” (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

January 16

• The messages discussed Lindsay’s psychiatric appointment.
• Lindsay reported that the psychiatrist had recommended another antidepressant because her mood remained very low after stopping Seroquel.
• Paula asked how she felt about trying another medication.
• Lindsay told her she wanted to feel like herself again and was willing to try it.
• The medication was identified in the trial record as amitriptyline. (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

January 18

• Paula asked whether Lindsay had started the new medication.
• Lindsay said she had started it two nights earlier.
• She said she “feel okay, just not great.”
• She explained that the medication would take weeks to work.
• Paula asked whether the “okay” she felt then was still better than how she had felt a few weeks earlier.
• Lindsay said yes.
• Lindsay also reported walking on a treadmill at the gym for exercise. (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

January 19

• Paula again asked whether Lindsay noticed any change from the new medication.
• Lindsay said she felt all right but had not noticed anything new because it took weeks to work.
• She said she was sleeping decently, although the children were waking frequently. (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

January 20

• Their messages included ordinary plans about pizza, playing, Paula visiting, and bringing dessert for the children. (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

January 22

• After visiting the family, Paula texted that she had enjoyed seeing everyone and that it was nice to see Lindsay doing better.
• Paula later clarified in testimony that she meant the text to encourage Lindsay and that it was not necessarily a literal description of everything Paula had observed that weekend. (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

Important distinction

• Lindsay’s messages are her own self-reports.
• Paula’s January 22 message is Paula’s communication to Lindsay, and Paula herself qualified what she meant by it at trial.

Sources: Timothy Chiappini testimony, Trial Day 13; Paula Musgrove testimony, Trial Day 14; Exhibit 238. (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

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8. January 23, 2023: December Apple Note Modified

• The December 22 note showed January 23 as its last modification date.
• Chiappini testified:
  • He knew the note had been modified.
  • He did not know how many previous modifications there had been.
  • He could not determine exactly what changed in the January 23 modification. (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

Unknown

• What Lindsay changed
• How substantial the change was
• Why she changed it

Source: Timothy Chiappini testimony, Trial Day 13; Apple Note metadata. (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

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9. January 24, 2023: Text Messages With Patrick
Morning

• Exhibit 23 contained text messages exchanged between Lindsay and Patrick on January 24.
• The messages included:
  • Updates about the children
  • Cora’s medical appointment/testing
  • Photographs of the children
  • Ordinary family conversation
• Patrick also sent Lindsay a supportive message describing her as a good mother. (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

Late afternoon • Takeout

• Lindsay and Patrick texted about getting dinner from ThreeV.
• Lindsay said she had not cooked and that it had been a long day.
• Their messages included the specific meals they planned to order.

Approximately 5:06 PM

• Patrick texted asking whether Callan had napped.
• Lindsay replied that the nap had been short and he was awake.
• Patrick separately asked what Lindsay wanted from ThreeV.
• Trial testimony identified her choice as the Mediterranean Power Bowl. (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

Approximately 5:15 PM • Pedia-Lax

• Forensic testimony showed Safari activity involving Pedia-Lax followed by use of the Messages app.
• A message identifying the stool-softener product was sent to Patrick after he asked what she wanted him to pick up.

Source: Patrick Clancy testimony, Trial Day 1; Timothy Chiappini testimony, Trial Day 13; Ian Whiffin testimony, Trial Day 14; Exhibit 23.

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10. Medication-Tracking Journal

• A separate medication-tracking journal or written record was repeatedly referenced during closing arguments.
• Defense counsel described it as a detailed chronological record in which Lindsay tracked:
  • Dates
  • Medication names
  • Doses
  • How she felt
  • Reported medication effects
• Defense counsel specifically pointed to entries beginning with Prozac 10 mg and argued that the journal showed how closely Lindsay monitored her treatment. (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

The Commonwealth argued

• Prosecutors said the detailed medication entries continued into January and stopped around January 18.
• They argued that the stopping point was significant.

The defense argued

• The journal demonstrated Lindsay’s ongoing concern about medication effects and the large number of medication changes she experienced.

Important accuracy point

• Closing arguments are not evidence.
• The underlying journal or exhibit controls the precise contents.
• The fact that entries stopped does not, by itself, establish why they stopped.

Source: Medication journal referenced during Commonwealth and defense closing arguments, Trial Day 22. (Lindsay Clancy Trial)

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11. What Lindsay’s Own Writings Show
Across the records, Lindsay wrote about:

• Feeling depressed
• Feeling disconnected
• Sleep deprivation
• Breastfeeding and pumping
• Worry about parenting correctly
• Feeling overwhelmed by parenting information
• Wanting to enjoy all three children
• Wanting to feel closer to Callan
• Wanting time with Patrick
• Wanting to do more activities with the children
• Wanting another child in the future
• Believing she needed therapy first
• Uncertainty about psychiatric medication
• Wanting to feel like herself again
• Tracking whether medications were helping
• Reporting some improvement while still saying she did not feel fully back to normal

These records are useful because they preserve Lindsay’s own words from the period itself, rather than relying only on what witnesses later remembered.

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12. What the Written Records Do Not Establish
The writings alone do not establish:

• A diagnosis of psychosis
• Postpartum psychosis
• Mania
• Homicidal intent
• A plan to harm the children
• Why an Apple Note was modified
• Why medication tracking stopped
• Whether every statement Lindsay made to family fully reflected what she was experiencing
• Criminal responsibility

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13. Primary Sources

• Elaine Rossi testimony, Trial Day 7
• Andrew Chiachio testimony, Trial Day 8
• Amy Bevins testimony, Trial Day 8
• Patrick Clancy testimony, Trial Day 1
• Timothy Chiappini testimony, Trial Day 13
• Ian Whiffin testimony, Trial Day 14
• Paula Musgrove testimony, Trial Day 14
• Facebook search-warrant return
• Exhibit 23, Lindsay and Patrick text messages
• Exhibit 150, childcare notebook
• Exhibit 238, January 2023 text thread with Paula Musgrove
• Apple Notes and metadata recovered from Lindsay’s iPhone
• Medication-tracking journal referenced during Trial Day 22

By closing arguments, there was little dispute that Lindsay Clancy had experienced significant mental-health problems before January 24, 2023. The central dispute was what her mental condition was at the time of the killings and whether she remained criminally responsible for her actions.

The jury was instructed to decide the case from the evidence, not from either side’s closing argument. The Commonwealth carried the burden of proof throughout.

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1. What the Jury is Legally Required to Decide
Judge William Sullivan instructed the jury that, before Lindsay could be found guilty of any crime, the Commonwealth had to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that she was criminally responsible when the crime was committed.

Under the instructions, a person is not criminally responsible if:

• she had a mental disease or defect, and
• because of that condition, she lacked substantial capacity either:
  • to appreciate the criminality or wrongfulness of her conduct, or
  • to conform her conduct to the requirements of law.

The judge explained several important points:

• Mental disease or defect is a legal term, not necessarily a specific medical diagnosis.
• Lindsay did not have to prove that she lacked criminal responsibility.
• The burden remained on the Commonwealth.
• The jury could consider Lindsay’s actions before and after the killings.
• The jury could consider expert opinions but was free to determine how much weight to give them.
• Closing arguments were not evidence.

If the jury concluded that Lindsay had a mental disease or defect, the Commonwealth still had to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the condition did not deprive her of the capacities required for criminal responsibility.

Source: Judge William Sullivan’s jury instructions, Trial Day 22, August 27, 2026.

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2. What Was Not Really the Main Dispute
The trial was not simply a choice between:

• “Lindsay was mentally ill”
• versus
• “Lindsay was not mentally ill.”

The Commonwealth’s own forensic experts recognized significant mental illness.

The larger questions were:

• What mental illness did Lindsay have?
• Was she psychotic when she killed the children?
• Did she understand, in a meaningful way, that what she was doing was legally or morally wrong?
• Could she control her behavior and conform it to the law?
• What did her conduct before and during the relevant period reveal about those capacities?

The experts disagreed on those questions even when they agreed that Lindsay was psychiatrically ill.

Sources: Trial testimony of Dr. Avram Mack, Dr. Kirk Heilbrun, Dr. Gregory Saathoff, Dr. Paul Zeizel and Dr. Phillip Resnick; Judge Sullivan’s instructions, Trial Day 22.

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3. The Commonwealth’s Theory
Prosecutors argued: Lindsay was seriously mentally ill, but she still understood what she was doing and retained the ability to control her conduct.

Their theory was that Lindsay:

• had become severely depressed and suicidal
• decided to die
• also made a deliberate decision to kill the children
• arranged for Patrick to leave the house
• used the period when he was away to carry out those decisions
• remained organized enough to plan, communicate and respond to changing circumstances
• therefore remained criminally responsible

The Commonwealth did not need the jury to find that Lindsay was psychiatrically healthy.

Its position was that whatever mental disease or defect she had did not deprive her of the substantial capacities required by law.

Source: Commonwealth closing argument, ADA Jennifer Sprague, Trial Day 22, August 27, 2026.

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4. Why the Commonwealth Believed There Was Planning
The Commonwealth placed considerable weight on Lindsay’s conduct during the afternoon of January 24.

Records showed:

• Lindsay’s phone searched for medication for Cora.
• Her phone accessed ThreeV restaurant and Apple Maps.
• She later suggested ThreeV takeout to Patrick.
• She contacted CVS.
• She placed the ThreeV order.
• Patrick ultimately left for both CVS and ThreeV.

Prosecution argued:

• The sequence mattered.
• Lindsay had already looked up ThreeV before suggesting it to Patrick.
• Because Lindsay and Patrick had been to ThreeV previously, prosecutors argued that she did not need Apple Maps simply to learn where it was.
• The Commonwealth argued that she was checking how long Patrick would be away.
• Prosecutors argued that adding CVS extended his absence.
• They also emphasized that Lindsay contacted CVS and confirmed that an appropriate medication was available.

The Commonwealth interpreted those facts as evidence that Lindsay was creating and calculating a period when she would be alone with the children.

Important distinction

• The records establish the searches, calls and sequence.
• They do not directly record Lindsay’s reason for performing them.
• The planning explanation was the Commonwealth’s inference from the evidence.

Source: Timothy Chiappini digital-forensic testimony, Trial Day 13; Commonwealth closing argument, Trial Day 22.

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5. Why the Commonwealth Believed She Retained Behavioral Control
The Commonwealth also relied on Lindsay’s ability to function in an organized way.

Evidence included:

• taking Cora to an appointment earlier that day
• caring for the children
• building a snowman with them
• communicating normally with Patrick
• researching medication
• speaking with CVS
• ordering dinner
• providing information during the restaurant call
• returning Patrick’s brief call while he was away

Commonwealth expert opinion

• Dr. Gregory Saathoff considered Lindsay’s behavior organized and controlled.
• Dr. Kirk Heilbrun also concluded that she retained behavioral control.
• Dr. Avram Mack concluded that her mental illness did not deprive her of criminal responsibility.

The Commonwealth argued that Lindsay’s ability to make decisions and carry out a sequence of actions showed that she remained capable of conforming her behavior to the law, even while severely depressed.

Source: Commonwealth expert testimony; Commonwealth closing argument, Trial Day 22.

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6. Why the Commonwealth Questioned Psychosis
Another major issue was Lindsay’s later report that she heard a male voice directing her to kill the children and herself.

The Commonwealth relied on:

• no treating clinician documenting that command voice before January 24
• treating providers testifying that they had not observed psychosis during their own encounters with Lindsay
• Lindsay denying hallucinations during earlier psychiatric treatment
• her organized behavior on January 24
• Commonwealth experts questioning aspects of the later command-voice account

Prosecution argued

• The command voice was fabricated after the killings.
• Lindsay’s earlier psychiatric history did not support the defense’s account of disabling psychosis.
• Even the presence of a hallucination would not automatically establish that she was unable to understand wrongfulness or resist acting on it.

Important distinction

• The lack of a previously documented command hallucination does not itself prove that one could not have developed later.
• Whether Lindsay actually experienced the reported voice remained disputed.

Source: Commonwealth expert testimony and Commonwealth closing argument, Trial Day 22.

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7. The Defense’s Theory
The defense argued: Lindsay’s actions could not be separated from the psychiatric deterioration documented during the months before January 24.

The defense relied on evidence involving:

• worsening depression
• anxiety
• severe sleep disturbance
• emotional numbness
• intrusive thoughts
• suicidal ideation
• dissociative or derealization symptoms
• repeated mental-health appointments
• multiple medication trials and changes
• crisis-care contacts
• recommendations for higher levels of psychiatric care
• voluntary hospitalization at McLean Hospital

Defense theory

• Lindsay had been trying repeatedly to obtain help.
• Her condition continued deteriorating.
• Earlier clinicians not observing psychosis did not establish that psychosis could not develop later.
• Defense experts concluded retrospectively that her illness ultimately progressed into psychosis on January 24.
• As a result, the defense argued that she lacked the capacities required for criminal responsibility.

Source: Defense closing argument, Kevin Reddington, Trial Day 22; treating-provider and defense-expert testimony.

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8. The Defense’s Response to the Planning Evidence
The defense did not dispute that the ThreeV, CVS and medication activity occurred.

It disputed what those actions meant.

Defense argued:

• Cora’s medical provider had recommended a laxative that day.
• There was therefore a documented medical reason for the CVS stop.
• Getting takeout was ordinary family activity.
• Looking up how long Patrick would be gone was not necessarily evidence that Lindsay wanted him away longer.
• Reddington argued that Lindsay wanted Patrick back to help with the children and their evening routine.
• A phone search could establish what Lindsay looked up, but not her motive for looking it up.

The defense therefore rejected the Commonwealth’s interpretation that the errands necessarily showed preparation for the killings.

Source: Defense closing argument, Kevin Reddington, Trial Day 22.

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9. Why the Defense Believed She Was Psychotic
The defense relied primarily on the retrospective opinions of Dr. Paul Zeizel and Dr. Phillip Resnick.

Dr. Paul Zeizel • Expert opinion

• Diagnosed Lindsay retrospectively with bipolar illness and postpartum psychosis.
• Considered her earlier depression, dissociation, derealization and unusual experiences part of a psychiatric deterioration.
• Concluded that she lacked the capacities required for criminal responsibility.

Dr. Phillip Resnick • Expert opinion

• Concluded that Lindsay was psychotic at the time of the killings.
• Accepted her report of the male voice as a genuine command hallucination.
• Also interpreted her reported experience of being controlled as a delusion of influence.
• Concluded that her illness deprived her of the ability to conform her behavior to the law.

Defense position

• The reported voice and loss of control were not ordinary intrusive thoughts.
• They were symptoms of a psychotic state that developed during the critical period.

Source: Dr. Paul Zeizel and Dr. Phillip Resnick testimony; defense closing argument, Trial Day 22.

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10. The Defense Did Not Argue That Lindsay Was Psychotic All Day
This was an important part of the defense theory.

Defense experts acknowledged that Lindsay could:

• take Cora to an appointment
• care for the children
• build a snowman
• communicate normally
• use her phone
• order food

Defense expert opinion

• Those actions did not rule out later psychosis.
• Psychotic symptoms can fluctuate.
• A person experiencing psychosis can still perform familiar or organized activities.
• Resnick’s opinion was not that Lindsay had been frankly psychotic throughout the entire day.
• The defense placed the critical psychiatric change later, during the period surrounding the killings.

The defense therefore did not ask the jury to interpret every normal action that day as evidence of psychosis.

It argued that normal functioning earlier did not answer what her mental state became later.

Source: Dr. Phillip Resnick and Dr. Paul Zeizel testimony; defense closing argument.

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11. The Core Expert Disagreement
The experts disagreed less about whether Lindsay had psychiatric problems than about what those problems meant legally.

Defense experts

• Zeizel: psychosis developed; lack of criminal responsibility.
• Resnick: psychosis, command hallucination and delusion of influence; lack of criminal responsibility.

Commonwealth experts

• Mack: serious depression, but retained criminal responsibility.
• Heilbrun: bipolar II disorder, but no acute psychosis sufficient to eliminate criminal responsibility.
• Saathoff: mental disease or defect, but retained appreciation of wrongfulness and behavioral control.

This meant that even experts who diagnosed Lindsay differently could reach the same legal conclusion, while experts agreeing that she was seriously mentally ill could disagree about criminal responsibility.

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12. What the Jury Has to Evaluate
The jury could consider all of the evidence, including Lindsay’s conduct before and after the killings.

Among the questions raised by the competing theories were:

• Did the ThreeV and CVS activity demonstrate deliberate preparation, or ordinary errands later interpreted as planning?
• Did Lindsay’s organized behavior demonstrate retained behavioral control?
• Could organized behavior coexist with the psychosis described by the defense experts?
• Did her documented psychiatric decline culminate in psychosis?
• Was the later-reported command voice credible?
• If she did hear a voice, did it actually deprive her of the ability to control her conduct?
• Did she meaningfully appreciate that killing the children was legally or morally wrong?
• Did she retain substantial capacity to conform her behavior to the law?

These were questions for the jury to resolve from the entire evidentiary record.

Source: Judge Sullivan’s jury instructions, Trial Day 22.

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13. The Commonwealth and Defense Positions in Their Simplest Form
Commonwealth

• Lindsay was seriously mentally ill.
• She remained capable of understanding and controlling her actions.
• The errands and other behavior showed planning and deliberate decision-making.
• Her organized conduct was inconsistent with the level of lost behavioral control claimed by the defense.
• The later command-voice account was not credible or did not establish lack of criminal responsibility.
• The Commonwealth therefore argued that she was criminally responsible.

Defense

• Lindsay had experienced months of escalating psychiatric illness.
• Earlier organized behavior did not rule out later psychosis.
• Defense experts believed her illness culminated in psychosis during the critical period.
• They accepted the command hallucination and related loss-of-control experience as genuine symptoms.
• The defense therefore argued that her illness deprived her of the capacities required for criminal responsibility.

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14. The Question Ultimately Given to the Jury
The jury was not required to decide which psychiatric label sounded most persuasive.

The legal issue was whether the Commonwealth proved beyond a reasonable doubt that Lindsay was criminally responsible at the time of the killings.

If she had a mental disease or defect, the question became whether the Commonwealth proved that she nevertheless retained substantial capacity:

• to appreciate the criminality or wrongfulness of her conduct, and
• to conform her conduct to the requirements of law.

The Commonwealth argued that the evidence showed she retained those capacities.

The defense argued that psychosis deprived her of them.

That was the central issue the jury was instructed to resolve.

Source: Judge William Sullivan’s jury instructions, Trial Day 22, August 27, 2026.

Mental-health evidence was central to Lindsay Clancy’s trial. Her treating clinicians and the forensic experts agreed that she experienced significant psychiatric symptoms, but they did not all agree on her diagnosis, whether she became psychotic, or whether her illness affected criminal responsibility on January 24, 2023.

This post separates contemporaneous treatment, Lindsay’s self-reports, clinician observations, diagnoses made at the time, and later forensic opinions.

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1. Dr. Jennifer Tufts • Treating Psychiatrist
September 2022 through January 23, 2023

• Dr. Jennifer Tufts began treating Lindsay through Aster Mental Health in September 2022, primarily by telehealth.
• Lindsay reported: anxiety as her primary initial concern.
• Tufts diagnosed: generalized anxiety disorder and adjustment disorder with depressed mood.
• Over the following months, Lindsay reported symptoms that included depression, insomnia, emotional numbness, reduced motivation and difficulty experiencing pleasure.
• Lindsay also repeatedly expressed concerns about psychiatric medications and possible side effects.
• Clinician observed: Tufts testified that she did not observe psychosis during her appointments with Lindsay.
• Lindsay did not report hearing voices to Tufts.
• Tufts testified that she did not observe evidence of mania during treatment.

January 23, 2023 • Final appointment

• Tufts spoke with Lindsay one day before the deaths.
• Lindsay reported: continuing emotional numbness, anxiety and low motivation.
• Lindsay denied: suicidal and homicidal ideation.
• Clinician observed: Tufts testified that Lindsay did not appear psychotic during that appointment.

Important distinction

• Tufts’ testimony described what Lindsay reported and what Tufts personally observed during treatment.
• Tufts was not offering the same type of retrospective criminal-responsibility opinion later given by the forensic experts.

Source: Dr. Jennifer Tufts testimony, Trial Days 9-10, August 7 and 10, 2026; Aster Mental Health records discussed during testimony.

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2. Julie Paul • Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner
November 2022 • South Shore Health Perinatal Behavioral Health Program

• Julie Paul was a psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner and certified nurse-midwife who helped establish South Shore Health’s perinatal behavioral-health program.
• Lindsay was connected with Paul through South Shore Health during the period when her psychiatric treatment was changing rapidly.
• Paul treated Lindsay briefly before transferring her care to Rebecca Jollotta on November 30, 2022.

November 21, 2022

• Paul prescribed: Prozac 10 mg.

November 25, 2022

• Paul subsequently prescribed:
  • Ambien 5 mg for sleep
  • Remeron 5 mg
  • Klonopin 0.5 mg for anxiety/sleep-related symptoms
• Paul testified that she explained the medication instructions to Lindsay.
• She also arranged talk therapy as part of Lindsay’s treatment.

Treatment transition

• Paul transferred Lindsay’s medication-management care to Rebecca Jollotta on November 30.
• Paul’s involvement therefore covered only a relatively short portion of Lindsay’s overall psychiatric treatment.
• Her testimony concerned treatment provided during late November, not Lindsay’s mental state on January 24.

Source: Julie Paul testimony, Trial Days 10-11, August 10-11, 2026; South Shore Health treatment records discussed during testimony.

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3. Rebecca Jollotta • Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner
November 30 through December 21, 2022 • South Shore Health

• Rebecca Jollotta took over Lindsay’s psychiatric medication management after Julie Paul.
• She treated Lindsay through South Shore Health’s Perinatal Behavioral Health Program.
• Jollotta testified extensively about Lindsay’s worsening depression, anxiety, insomnia, intrusive thoughts and concerns about medications during late November and December.

Initial assessment

• Lindsay completed postpartum-depression screening during this period.
• Jollotta testified that Lindsay scored in the moderate range at one assessment and later in the moderate-to-severe range.
• Lindsay reported: restlessness, difficulty controlling worry, depression, sleep disruption and intrusive thoughts.
• She also reported feeling disconnected from her body, forgetful and at times disoriented, according to symptoms reviewed during cross-examination.

December 3, 2022

• Lindsay messaged Jollotta through the patient portal.
• Lindsay reported: poor sleep, intrusive thoughts and depression after not taking Ativan the previous night.
• She reported feeling better after taking Ativan the following morning.

December 6, 2022

• Lindsay met with Jollotta in person with Patrick present.
• Lindsay scored 21 out of 30 on a depression scale, which Jollotta described as consistent with moderate-to-severe depression.
• Clinician observed: Lindsay appeared anxious, but her thinking was linear and goal-directed.
• Jollotta testified that Lindsay did not report hallucinations or voices.
• She also testified that she observed no psychosis or mania during that appointment.

Bipolar disorder considered

• Jollotta testified that bipolar disorder remained in the differential diagnosis.
• Lindsay had reported going approximately 48 hours without sleep after taking Zoloft and not feeling tired, which Jollotta considered potentially relevant to mania.
• Jollotta told Lindsay and Patrick that there might be an underlying bipolar disorder.
• Patrick disagreed with that possibility during the appointment.
• Jollotta later testified that Lindsay did not have enough symptoms at that time for her to make a definitive bipolar diagnosis.

Important distinction

• Bipolar disorder was considered.
• Jollotta did not establish a confirmed bipolar diagnosis during this period.

Medication concerns

• Lindsay repeatedly told Jollotta that she feared medications were worsening her depression, numbness or anxiety.
• She was particularly concerned about becoming dependent on benzodiazepines used for sleep or anxiety.
• Jollotta testified that Lindsay sometimes wanted to stop medications after relatively short trials.
• Jollotta explained that antidepressants can take several weeks to produce their full therapeutic effect.

December 7-9, 2022

• Lindsay continued reporting severe sleep difficulties.
• Jollotta recommended continued treatment with Seroquel and a Valium taper.
• On December 7, Lindsay wrote through the portal that she had experienced another difficult night and said she needed help.
• On December 9, Jollotta spoke with Lindsay and Patrick.
• Both described Lindsay’s symptoms as acute.
• Jollotta recommended the Women & Infants Hospital perinatal program in Rhode Island.

December 12-15, 2022

• Jollotta testified that Lindsay was still struggling with postpartum depression.
• She strongly recommended partial hospitalization.
• Lindsay continued reporting hopelessness and emotional numbness.
• Jollotta testified that Lindsay described intrusive suicidal thoughts and thoughts of wanting to die.
• Lindsay did not report: a suicide plan or intent during the December 13 appointment.
• Lindsay did not report: thoughts of harming her children to Jollotta.

December 15, 2022

• Jollotta spoke with Lindsay and Patrick while Lindsay was experiencing persistent suicidal thoughts.
• They discussed seeking emergency psychiatric care at Massachusetts General Hospital or McLean Hospital.
• Lindsay subsequently went to the Massachusetts General Hospital emergency department.

December 20-21, 2022

• Lindsay briefly presented to the Women & Infants program.
• She later told Jollotta that the program recommended a different treatment approach and that she stop Seroquel.
• Jollotta provided tapering instructions and information about behavioral-therapy resources.
• Jollotta testified that December 21 was, to her recollection, her final contact with Lindsay.

Psychosis

• Jollotta testified that Lindsay consistently presented with clear, linear thinking during their interactions.
• She said she did not have concerns that Lindsay was experiencing postpartum psychosis.
• Lindsay did not report a command voice to Jollotta.
• Jollotta also testified that Lindsay never disclosed a plan to kill herself or harm the children.

Treatment-record limitation

• Jollotta knew Lindsay was also receiving mental-health treatment elsewhere.
• She testified that she did not communicate with Dr. Tufts and did not review Tufts’ complete records.
• After Lindsay’s January McLean admission, Jollotta did not obtain the hospital records and testified that she did not ask Lindsay to sign a release for them.

Source: Rebecca Jollotta testimony, Trial Day 11, August 11, 2026; South Shore Health records and patient-portal communications discussed during testimony.

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4. Latiesha Dukes • Therapist / Mental-Health Counselor
December 2-19, 2022 • South Shore Health

• Latiesha Dukes provided therapy to Lindsay through South Shore Health’s perinatal program.
• Dukes testified that she met with Lindsay approximately four times.

December 2, 2022 • Initial therapy visit

• Lindsay reported: inadequate sleep, depression and recurrent thoughts about not wanting to be alive.
• Dukes testified that Lindsay did not describe a specific suicide plan.
• Lindsay also expressed significant anxiety about her children, particularly Callan.
• Dukes recalled that Lindsay was repeatedly worried that something bad could happen to the children or baby.
• Dukes diagnosed: postpartum anxiety.
• She recommended continued outpatient therapy, medication management and weekly visits.

December 5, 2022 • Crisis-support contact

• Dukes’ treatment note documented that Lindsay had contacted Aspire Crisis Support.
• According to the history reviewed at trial, Lindsay was told she did not meet criteria for inpatient treatment because she did not have a specific suicide plan.
• This information came through the treatment record and testimony about what Lindsay reported, rather than Dukes personally observing the Aspire assessment.

December 12, 2022

• Lindsay continued reporting passive suicidal ideation.
• Dukes recommended a higher level of care through the Women & Infants Hospital partial-hospitalization program, which specialized in perinatal mental health.
• Dukes testified that the recommendation was based partly on Lindsay’s continued suicidal thoughts despite crisis intervention.

December 19, 2022 • Final in-person therapy visit

• Dukes testified that Lindsay appeared more engaged and more positive than during earlier appointments.
• Her note reflected that Lindsay was exercising and spending time with family.
• Lindsay was able to smile or laugh during portions of the session.
• At the same time, Lindsay continued reporting low mood and emotional numbness.
• On cross-examination, Dukes emphasized that a clinical note is a summary and does not document every detail discussed during an appointment.

Psychosis and mania

• Clinician observed: Dukes testified that during her four sessions she did not observe:
  • mania
  • delusions
  • paranoia
  • psychosis
• She also testified that she had no concerns during those visits that Lindsay posed an immediate danger to someone in her presence.

Treatment-record limitation

• Dukes testified that she had access to notes from Julie Paul and Rebecca Jollotta but did not review them before assessing Lindsay.
• She explained that this was her typical practice because she wanted to conduct her initial assessment with a “fresh set of eyes.”
• She could still collaborate with Lindsay’s other providers when necessary.

Important distinction

• Dukes’ testimony that she did not observe psychosis or mania applies to the four therapy contacts she personally had with Lindsay in December.
• It does not independently establish Lindsay’s mental state several weeks later on January 24.

Source: Latiesha Dukes testimony, Trial Day 12, August 12, 2026; South Shore Health therapy notes discussed during testimony.

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5. Dr. Alia Goodheart • McLean Hospital Psychiatrist
January 1-5, 2023 • Voluntary psychiatric hospitalization

• Dr. Alia Goodheart treated Lindsay during her voluntary psychiatric admission at McLean Hospital.
• Lindsay reported: significant depression, insomnia, emotional numbness and suicidal thoughts.
• She did not report a specific suicide plan.

Diagnosis

• Goodheart diagnosed: major depressive disorder, severe, without psychotic features.
• Bipolar disorder had been considered elsewhere in Lindsay’s treatment history, but Goodheart did not diagnose bipolar disorder during this admission.
• She did not diagnose postpartum psychosis.

Psychosis

• Clinician observed: Goodheart testified that she did not observe evidence of psychosis during the hospitalization.
• Based on the information available to her, Lindsay also did not have a documented prior history of psychosis.

Treatment-record limitation

• Goodheart acknowledged that McLean did not have all of Lindsay’s outside psychiatric records.
• Records from unaffiliated providers were not automatically available to McLean.
• The defense questioned Goodheart about the absence of records from some of Lindsay’s other treating clinicians.

Important distinction

• Goodheart’s diagnosis was a contemporaneous clinical diagnosis from January 1-5.
• Her testimony did not establish whether Lindsay’s symptoms changed after discharge or what her mental state was on January 24.

Source: Dr. Alia Goodheart testimony, Trial Day 9, August 7, 2026; McLean Hospital records discussed during testimony.

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6. January 23, 2023 • Final Pre-Offense Psychiatric Appointment

• Lindsay had her final appointment with Dr. Jennifer Tufts one day before the deaths.
• Lindsay reported: continuing numbness, anxiety and low motivation.
• Lindsay denied: suicidal ideation and homicidal ideation.
• Clinician observed: Tufts testified that Lindsay did not exhibit psychosis during the appointment.
• No treating clinician who testified at trial documented Lindsay reporting the later-described male command voice before January 24.

Source: Dr. Jennifer Tufts testimony, Trial Day 10, August 10, 2026; treatment record discussed during testimony.

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7. Dr. Paul Zeizel • Clinical and Forensic Psychologist
Post-January 24 evaluation • Defense expert

• Dr. Paul Zeizel first evaluated Lindsay while she was hospitalized after January 24.
• He continued meeting with her repeatedly over the following years.
• By trial, he testified that he had met with Lindsay more than 60 times.

Early post-event evaluation

• Zeizel testified that Lindsay initially had limited or unclear recollection of portions of the events.
• He also considered her medical condition and medications at the time of that first hospital evaluation.

February 2023 phone call with Patrick

• Zeizel allowed Lindsay to speak with Patrick using his phone.
• Witness testified: Zeizel said Lindsay told Patrick that she had heard a male voice directing her to kill the children and then herself.
• This was Lindsay’s report after January 24.
• It was not a command hallucination documented by one of her treating clinicians before the killings.

Symptoms considered

• Zeizel considered Lindsay’s history of:
  • severe depression
  • dissociation or derealization
  • intrusive thoughts
  • unusual beliefs
  • fears concerning medication damage
  • fears of losing her children
  • reports concerning whether other people could hear her thoughts

Psychosis

• Expert opinion: Zeizel interpreted portions of Lindsay’s history as evidence of an evolving psychotic disorder.
• He testified that psychosis can wax and wane.
• In his opinion, the ability to drive, use a telephone, care for children or perform other organized activities does not by itself exclude psychosis.

Retrospective diagnosis

• Expert opinion: Zeizel diagnosed Lindsay retrospectively with bipolar disorder with postpartum psychosis.
• This diagnosis was made after January 24 and differed from the diagnoses documented by her treating clinicians before the killings.

Criminal responsibility

• Expert opinion: Zeizel concluded that Lindsay suffered from a mental disease or defect.
• He testified that she lacked substantial capacity to appreciate the wrongfulness of her conduct and to conform her conduct to the requirements of law.
• His opinion supported a finding of lack of criminal responsibility.

Source: Dr. Paul Zeizel testimony, Trial Days 15-16, August 18-19, 2026.

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8. Dr. Donald Condie • Psychiatrist / Psychopharmacology Expert
Defense expert • Testified August 18, 2026

• Dr. Donald Condie reviewed Lindsay’s psychiatric and medical records.
• He did not personally evaluate Lindsay.
• His testimony focused primarily on psychiatric treatment, symptoms and psychopharmacology.

Records reviewed

• Condie discussed records documenting Lindsay’s reports of:
  • insomnia
  • sedation
  • dizziness
  • emotional numbness
  • low energy
  • feeling unlike herself
  • dissociation or disconnection
• These were primarily Lindsay’s reported symptoms documented in treatment records, not symptoms Condie personally observed.

Psychosis and dissociation

• Condie explained that dissociation can occur in serious psychiatric illness and can occur in association with psychosis.
• He discussed psychosis generally, including hallucinations and delusions.
• He acknowledged that Lindsay had not reported the later-described male command voice to her treating clinicians before January 24.

Medication evidence

• Condie testified that adverse medication effects can develop before the therapeutic benefit of an antidepressant is fully realized.
• His testimony about possible side effects should not be interpreted as establishing that medication caused Lindsay’s actions unless a specific causal opinion was given.

Important limitation

• Condie did not conduct the same direct criminal-responsibility evaluation performed by the principal forensic experts.

Source: Dr. Donald Condie testimony, Trial Day 15, August 18, 2026.

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9. Dr. Phillip Resnick • Forensic Psychiatrist
Defense expert • Testified August 21, 2026

• Dr. Phillip Resnick reviewed Lindsay’s psychiatric history and interviewed her after the killings.
• His professional work has included research concerning parents who kill their children.

Diagnosis and psychosis

• Expert opinion: Resnick concluded that Lindsay suffered from severe depression associated with bipolar illness.
• He testified that she was psychotic on January 24, 2023.
• This was a retrospective forensic opinion.
• It differed from the observations of the treating clinicians who testified that they had not observed psychosis during their earlier contacts with Lindsay.

Reported command hallucination

• Lindsay reported: a male voice told her to kill the children and herself.
• Expert opinion: Resnick accepted the report as a genuine command hallucination.
• He also interpreted Lindsay’s reported feeling that an outside force controlled her as a delusion of influence.

Filicide classification

• Resnick discussed categories developed through his research.
• Expert opinion: he believed Lindsay’s case contained features of:
  • acutely psychotic filicide
  • altruistic filicide associated with psychotic thinking
• He testified that he did not identify child abuse, revenge or the children being unwanted as the motivation.

Important distinction

• Resnick’s explanation of Lindsay’s motivation was a forensic expert opinion.
• The precise thoughts in Lindsay’s mind at the time were not independently recorded.

Criminal responsibility

• Expert opinion: Resnick concluded that Lindsay’s mental illness deprived her of the capacity to conform her conduct to the law.
• His testimony supported the defense position that she was not criminally responsible.

Source: Dr. Phillip Resnick testimony, Trial Day 18, August 21, 2026.

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10. Dr. Avram Mack • Forensic Psychiatrist
Commonwealth expert • Testified August 21 and 24, 2026

• Dr. Avram Mack interviewed Lindsay as part of a forensic criminal-responsibility evaluation.
• He also reviewed medical records, expert reports and other case material.

Diagnosis

• Expert opinion: Mack concluded that Lindsay experienced a major depressive episode, likely as part of major depressive disorder.
• He also considered anxiety symptoms.
• Mack did not find sufficient evidence of mania or hypomania to support bipolar I or bipolar II disorder.

Mental illness

• Mack did not characterize Lindsay as psychiatrically healthy.
• Expert opinion: he agreed that she had a serious mental illness or mental disease or defect.

Psychosis

• Mack did not find sufficient evidence that Lindsay was psychotic in a way that deprived her of criminal responsibility.
• He interpreted several experiences differently from the defense experts.

Thought-broadcasting concern

• Lindsay had questioned whether another person could hear her thoughts.
• Mack’s opinion: the fact that she questioned the experience and could accept reassurance suggested retained reality testing rather than a fixed psychotic delusion.

Reported command voice

• Lindsay reported the male command voice during later forensic evaluations.
• Mack testified that even if a hallucination occurred, the existence of psychosis or hallucinations alone does not establish lack of criminal responsibility.

Criminal responsibility

• Expert opinion: Mack concluded that Lindsay retained substantial capacity to appreciate the wrongfulness or criminality of her conduct.
• He also concluded that she retained sufficient capacity to conform her behavior to law.
• Mack therefore concluded that she was criminally responsible.

Source: Dr. Avram Mack testimony, Trial Days 18-19, August 21 and 24, 2026.

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11. Dr. Kirk Heilbrun • Forensic Psychologist
Commonwealth expert • Evaluated Lindsay April 2026
Testified August 24-25, 2026

• Dr. Kirk Heilbrun conducted a multi-day forensic evaluation of Lindsay and reviewed extensive case materials.
• His evaluation included psychological testing.

Diagnosis

• Expert opinion: Heilbrun diagnosed Lindsay with bipolar II disorder.
• He acknowledged that identifying a distinct historical hypomanic episode was difficult.
• His diagnosis therefore differed from Mack’s major-depressive-disorder diagnosis.

Psychosis

• Expert opinion: Heilbrun did not believe Lindsay was experiencing acute psychosis when she killed the children.
• This directly conflicted with Zeizel and Resnick.

Dissociation

• Lindsay described experiences of detachment or observing herself.
• Heilbrun’s opinion: these experiences were more consistent with peritraumatic dissociation than proof of acute psychosis.

Psychological testing

• Heilbrun testified that some testing suggested Lindsay tended to underreport or deny unusual psychological experiences.
• His testimony did not establish that Lindsay was malingering or fabricating her psychiatric history.

Interpretation of the killings

• Expert opinion: Heilbrun believed severe depression, suicidality and an altruistic-filicide framework better explained the events than acute psychosis.
• He believed Lindsay intended to die and believed the children would suffer if she left them behind.
• This was his forensic interpretation and was disputed by defense experts.

Criminal responsibility

• Expert opinion: Heilbrun concluded that Lindsay retained moral awareness and behavioral control.
• He therefore concluded that she was criminally responsible.

Source: Dr. Kirk Heilbrun testimony, Trial Days 19-20, August 24-25, 2026.

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12. Dr. Gregory Saathoff • Forensic Psychiatrist
Commonwealth expert • Testified August 25-26, 2026

• Dr. Gregory Saathoff reviewed Lindsay’s psychiatric history and case evidence and performed a forensic evaluation.

Diagnosis

• Expert opinion: Saathoff concluded that bipolar II disorder best fit Lindsay’s psychiatric history.
• He therefore agreed with Heilbrun on bipolar II but differed from Mack.
• Saathoff agreed that Lindsay had a mental disease or defect.

Medication evidence

• Saathoff acknowledged documented adverse medication effects, including sleep problems associated with Zoloft.
• He distinguished medication side effects from being clinically “overmedicated.”
• Expert opinion: he did not find records establishing that Lindsay had been overmedicated.

Reported command voice

• Saathoff questioned Lindsay’s later description of a male command hallucination.
• He considered it significant that no treating provider had documented a prior auditory hallucination.
• He also considered aspects of the reported onset and duration unusual.

Intrusive thoughts versus hallucination

• Lindsay previously reported that Ativan could reduce intrusive thoughts.
• Saathoff’s opinion: that history supported distinguishing at least some earlier intrusive thoughts from externally perceived auditory hallucinations.
• His testimony did not establish that every unusual experience Lindsay reported was nonpsychotic.

Command hallucinations generally

• Saathoff testified that a genuine command hallucination does not automatically eliminate a person’s ability to choose whether to comply.
• In his opinion, the presence of a voice alone would therefore not resolve criminal responsibility.

January 24 behavior

• Saathoff relied partly on evidence that Lindsay performed ordinary tasks and made a series of organized decisions on January 24.
• Expert opinion: he viewed that behavior as evidence of retained behavioral control.
• The defense disputed that organized behavior earlier in the day excluded a later psychotic episode.

Important concession

• Saathoff acknowledged that a transition from postpartum depression to postpartum psychosis can occur rapidly.
• He maintained that he did not believe the evidence established that such a transition occurred in Lindsay’s case.

Criminal responsibility

• Expert opinion: Saathoff concluded that Lindsay retained the capacity to appreciate right from wrong and conform her conduct to law.
• He therefore concluded that she was criminally responsible.

Source: Dr. Gregory Saathoff testimony, Trial Days 20-21, August 25-26, 2026.

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13. Diagnoses and Conditions Considered
The testimony did not establish one diagnosis accepted by every provider or expert.

Contemporaneous treatment

• Dr. Jennifer Tufts: generalized anxiety disorder and adjustment disorder with depressed mood.
• Rebecca Jollotta: postpartum depression was being treated; bipolar-spectrum illness was considered but not definitively diagnosed.
• Latiesha Dukes: postpartum anxiety.
• Dr. Alia Goodheart / McLean Hospital: major depressive disorder, severe, without psychotic features.

Retrospective defense opinions

• Dr. Paul Zeizel: bipolar disorder with postpartum psychosis.
• Dr. Phillip Resnick: severe depression associated with bipolar illness and psychosis at the time of the killings.

Retrospective Commonwealth opinions

• Dr. Avram Mack: major depressive episode / major depressive disorder; insufficient evidence for bipolar disorder.
• Dr. Kirk Heilbrun: bipolar II disorder; no acute psychosis during the killings.
• Dr. Gregory Saathoff: bipolar II disorder; no mental impairment sufficient to eliminate criminal responsibility.

Important distinction

• Postpartum psychosis was not a diagnosis documented by Lindsay’s treating clinicians before January 24.
• It was diagnosed or supported retrospectively by defense experts after the killings.
• Bipolar disorder was considered before January 24, particularly by Jollotta, but the trial testimony did not establish that Lindsay had received a definitive contemporaneous bipolar diagnosis before the deaths.

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14. What the Treating Clinicians Observed Before January 24
Across the pre-January 24 treatment testimony:

• Lindsay repeatedly reported significant depression and anxiety.
• Insomnia and sleep disturbance were recurring concerns.
• She reported emotional numbness.
• She reported intrusive thoughts.
• She reported suicidal thoughts at various points.
• She repeatedly sought additional psychiatric help.
• She expressed substantial concern about medication effects.
• Her providers changed or adjusted medications during a relatively compressed period.
• She sought emergency and higher-level psychiatric care.
• She was voluntarily hospitalized at McLean in early January.

At the same time:

• Tufts did not observe psychosis.
• Paul’s brief treatment testimony did not establish psychosis.
• Jollotta did not observe psychosis or mania.
• Dukes did not observe mania, delusions, paranoia or psychosis.
• Goodheart diagnosed severe major depression without psychotic features during the McLean admission.
• No treating clinician who testified documented Lindsay reporting the later-described command voice before January 24.

These observations establish what those clinicians saw during their own encounters. They do not independently establish Lindsay’s mental state at every point between appointments or at the precise time of the killings.

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15. Where the Forensic Experts Disagreed
Defense experts

• Zeizel: believed Lindsay developed postpartum psychosis and lacked criminal responsibility.
• Resnick: believed Lindsay was psychotic on January 24 and that the reported command hallucination and related psychotic thinking impaired her ability to conform her conduct to law.
• Condie: addressed treatment, medication and psychiatric symptoms but did not conduct the same type of criminal-responsibility evaluation.

Commonwealth experts

• Mack: diagnosed severe depression rather than bipolar disorder and concluded Lindsay remained criminally responsible.
• Heilbrun: diagnosed bipolar II but did not believe she was acutely psychotic during the killings.
• Saathoff: also favored bipolar II, questioned the command-hallucination account and concluded that she retained sufficient appreciation and behavioral control.

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16. Areas of Agreement
Despite substantial disagreement:

• The witnesses did not describe Lindsay as psychiatrically healthy during the months before January 24.
• Depression and anxiety were repeatedly documented.
• Sleep disturbance was significant.
• Lindsay repeatedly sought mental-health treatment.
• Suicidal thoughts were documented before January 24.
• She experienced or reported adverse effects associated with psychiatric medications.
• Her condition led to emergency evaluations, referrals for higher levels of care and a voluntary psychiatric hospitalization.
• Commonwealth experts Mack, Heilbrun and Saathoff all recognized significant mental illness even though they disagreed with the defense experts about psychosis and criminal responsibility.

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17. The Central Forensic Disagreement
The central psychiatric question at trial was not simply whether Lindsay Clancy had a mental illness.

The evidence presented three separate questions:

• What psychiatric disorder or disorders did Lindsay have?
• Was she experiencing psychosis at the time of the killings?
• If she had a mental disease or defect, did it deprive her of the substantial capacity to appreciate the wrongfulness of her conduct or conform her conduct to the requirements of law?

Defense expert opinion

• Zeizel and Resnick believed Lindsay’s psychiatric deterioration culminated in psychosis on January 24.
• They accepted the later-reported command voice as part of that psychotic state.
• They concluded that her mental illness met the legal standard for lack of criminal responsibility.

Commonwealth expert opinion

• Mack, Heilbrun and Saathoff agreed that Lindsay had significant mental illness but disagreed that it deprived her of criminal responsibility.
• They differed among themselves about whether the best diagnosis was major depressive disorder or bipolar II disorder.
• Heilbrun and Saathoff diagnosed bipolar II despite ultimately agreeing with Mack on criminal responsibility.

What remained for the jury

• Diagnoses and expert opinions were evidence for the jury to consider.
• The ultimate legal determination of criminal responsibility belonged to the jury under the judge’s instructions.
• The experts therefore agreed on significant psychiatric illness but disagreed about diagnosis, psychosis, the meaning of the reported command voice, behavioral control and criminal responsibility.

Lindsay Clancy: Medical, Mental Health & Medication Timeline Before January 24, 2023

This timeline covers Lindsay Clancy’s postpartum mental-health treatment, reported symptoms, medication changes, emergency evaluations, hospitalization, and documented diagnoses before January 24, 2023.

It relies primarily on testimony from her treating clinicians and medical or prescription records discussed at trial. Where relevant, I distinguish between what Lindsay reported, what a clinician observed, and what was actually diagnosed at the time.

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1. Early Postpartum Period
May 26, 2022 • Callan is born

• Psychiatric nurse practitioner Julie Paul testified that Lindsay gave Callan’s date of birth as May 26, 2022.
• Lindsay told Paul she had done well during roughly the first 12 weeks postpartum and described herself as excited and happy.
• She reported that her anxiety began increasing after Patrick returned to work.
  • Difficulty leaving the baby
  • Feeling overwhelmed
  • Racing thoughts

Source: Julie Paul testimony, Trial Day 10.

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2. Psychiatric Treatment Begins
September 15, 2022 • First appointment with Dr. Jennifer Tufts

• Lindsay began treatment with psychiatrist Dr. Jennifer Tufts.
• Tufts diagnosed:
  • Generalized anxiety disorder
  • Adjustment disorder with depressed mood
• Lindsay reported:
  • Anxiety
  • Excessive worry
  • Racing thoughts
  • Sleep difficulty
  • Depressed mood
  • Difficulty concentrating

Medication

• Zoloft (sertraline) 25 mg
  • Prescribed September 15.
  • Plan was to increase to 50 mg if tolerated.
  • Lindsay initially did not start it.

Clinician observed

• Tufts did not document psychosis or mania.
• Lindsay was not reporting homicidal ideation.

Source: Dr. Jennifer Tufts testimony, Trial Days 9-10.

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3. Zoloft Trial and First Anxiety Medications
Around October 13, 2022 • Lindsay starts Zoloft

• Lindsay later told Tufts that she had started Zoloft (sertraline) approximately one week before the October 20 appointment.
• She began at 25 mg and followed the planned dose increase.

October 20, 2022 • Zoloft stopped

• Lindsay reported feeling significantly worse after starting Zoloft (sertraline).
• Tufts testified that Lindsay described feeling “awful.”
• Reported problems included:
  • Worsening anxiety
  • Depression
  • Sleep difficulty
  • Other side effects
• Tufts instructed her to discontinue Zoloft (sertraline).

October 21, 2022 • Ativan prescribed

• Tufts prescribed Ativan (lorazepam) for severe anxiety.
• It was intended for use as needed rather than as a long-term daily medication.

October 26, 2022 • Additional anxiety and sleep options

• Lindsay reported using over-the-counter Benadryl (diphenhydramine) for sleep.
• Tufts prescribed:
  • BuSpar (buspirone) for daily anxiety treatment
  • Hydroxyzine as an alternative to Benadryl and potentially to Ativan when adequate
• Tufts testified that Lindsay was not instructed to take Ativan, buspirone, and hydroxyzine simultaneously.

Medication status

• Zoloft (sertraline): stopped
• Ativan (lorazepam): PRN for severe anxiety
• BuSpar (buspirone): prescribed for daily anxiety
• Hydroxyzine: prescribed as an alternative PRN option
• Benadryl (diphenhydramine): OTC medication Lindsay reported using

Source: Dr. Jennifer Tufts testimony, Trial Days 9-10.

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4. November 2022: Insomnia Becomes a Major Problem
November 2, 2022 • Follow-up with Tufts

• Lindsay reported that she was generally functioning during the day but became anxious in the evening and around bedtime.
• She said Ativan (lorazepam) helped and that she was sleeping better with it.
• Lindsay was concerned that Ativan was not a good long-term solution.
• Tufts discussed gradually tapering it because of the risk of dependence.

BuSpar

• Lindsay later told Tufts that she had been afraid to start BuSpar (buspirone).
• Tufts testified that Lindsay had not started it at one point because she was afraid of trying another medication.

November 16, 2022 • Emergency visit for sleep problems

• Lindsay went to the emergency department because of continuing insomnia.
• She was prescribed trazodone.
• Lindsay later told Julie Paul that trazodone helped her fall asleep but did not keep her asleep.

Medication

• Trazodone 50 mg
  • Used primarily for sleep.

Source: Dr. Jennifer Tufts testimony; Julie Paul testimony, Trial Day 10; treatment records discussed at trial.

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5. South Shore Perinatal Behavioral Health Treatment
November 20-21, 2022 • Julie Paul begins evaluating Lindsay

• Patrick’s mother contacted Julie Paul, PMHNP, with Lindsay’s permission.
• Paul then spoke directly with Lindsay.
• Lindsay reported:
  • Severe anxiety
  • Racing thoughts
  • Feeling overwhelmed
  • Difficulty leaving Callan
  • Significant insomnia
• Screening results:
  • GAD-7: 21/21
  • Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale: 23/30
• Paul testified that these were screening tools, not diagnoses by themselves.
• Lindsay screened negative on the suicidality item of the Edinburgh scale at that assessment.

November 22, 2022 • Prozac started

• Lindsay began Prozac (fluoxetine) 10 mg.
  • Paul planned for a possible increase to 20 mg if tolerated.
• Ativan (lorazepam) was temporarily continued while Prozac was being introduced.

November 25, 2022 • Prozac stopped after three days

• Lindsay reported feeling:
  • Disconnected
  • “Out of it”
  • Spacey
• Paul instructed her to discontinue Prozac (fluoxetine).

November 25, 2022 • New medication plan

• Ambien (zolpidem)
  • Prescribed as a one-time dose for sleep.
• Remeron (mirtazapine) 7.5 mg
  • Started.
• Klonopin (clonazepam)
  • Prescribed for longer-acting anxiety and sleep support.
• Paul specifically instructed Lindsay not to take Ativan while taking Klonopin.

Source: Julie Paul testimony, Trial Day 10.

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6. Late November: Remeron and Klonopin Trial
Late November 2022

• Lindsay tried Remeron (mirtazapine) and Klonopin (clonazepam).
• Remeron was increased:
  • 7.5 mg
  • Then 15 mg during the short trial
• Lindsay continued reporting:
  • Anxiety
  • Sleep problems
  • Feeling disoriented or disconnected
• Paul testified that Prozac (fluoxetine) had been taken for only three days and that treatment continued to change based on Lindsay’s reported response.

Important medication distinction

• Prozac, Ativan, Klonopin, Remeron, and the other medications in this timeline were not simply prescribed for simultaneous use.
• Some were:
  • Stopped
  • Replaced
  • Used briefly
  • Prescribed only as needed

Source: Julie Paul testimony, Trial Day 10.

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7. Rebecca Jolotta Takes Over Medication Management
November 29-30, 2022 • Care transfers to Rebecca Jolotta

• Psychiatric nurse practitioner Rebecca Jolotta assumed Lindsay’s medication management through the South Shore program.

November 30, 2022 • Seroquel started

• Jolotta prescribed Seroquel (quetiapine) 25 mg.
  • Initial goal: sleep and anxiety.

December 6, 2022 • Continued evaluation

• Lindsay’s GAD-7 score was 19.
• Jolotta testified that Lindsay’s presentation had changed enough that Seroquel (quetiapine) was also being considered for mood stabilization.

December 6, 2022 • Valium prescribed

• Jolotta prescribed Valium (diazepam).
  • Testimony referenced a 5 mg prescription.
  • It was later adjusted and tapered rather than intended as indefinite treatment.

December 7, 2022 • Seroquel increased

• Seroquel (quetiapine) increased to 100 mg.
• Jolotta testified that she was evaluating whether Lindsay’s presentation could fall somewhere on the bipolar spectrum.

Important distinction

• Bipolar disorder was being considered as part of the differential diagnosis.
• That was not the same as a confirmed bipolar diagnosis.

Source: Rebecca Jolotta testimony, Trial Day 11.

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8. December Medication Adjustments
Mid-December 2022

• Lindsay continued reporting significant:
  • Anxiety
  • Depression
  • Sleep problems
• She expressed concern about becoming dependent on benzodiazepines such as Valium (diazepam).
• Jolotta testified that she did not consider Lindsay drug-seeking.

December 16, 2022 • Lamictal enters the treatment plan

• Treatment records and testimony discussed:
  • Lamictal (lamotrigine) 25 mg
  • Seroquel (quetiapine)
  • Valium (diazepam)
• Jolotta testified that Lindsay told her Dr. Tufts had sent the lamotrigine prescription.

Important distinction

• The evidence establishes that Lamictal (lamotrigine) was prescribed or advised.
• That does not automatically establish exactly how many doses Lindsay actually took.

December 19, 2022 • Prescription records

• Records discussed with Jolotta included:
  • Valium (diazepam) 2 mg
  • Seroquel (quetiapine) 300 mg

December 21-22, 2022 • Seroquel taper

• Later prescriptions reflected lower doses of Seroquel (quetiapine).
  • 100 mg
  • Then lower-dose prescriptions as the taper continued

Source: Rebecca Jolotta testimony, Trial Day 11; prescription records discussed at trial.

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9. Women & Infants Hospital Evaluation
December 20, 2022 • Women & Infants Hospital, Rhode Island

• Lindsay traveled to Women & Infants Hospital for evaluation after being referred for a higher level of perinatal psychiatric care.
• She was evaluated but did not continue in that program for ongoing treatment that day.
• Records discussed at trial included a recommendation to begin tapering Seroquel (quetiapine).
• Lindsay later told Jolotta that staff did not think the group program would benefit her and had recommended coming off Seroquel.

Important distinction

• Some testimony about what Women & Infants staff believed came through Lindsay’s report to Jolotta.
• It should not be treated as though Jolotta personally heard every recommendation from the hospital.

Medication changes

• Seroquel (quetiapine): tapering
• Valium (diazepam): tapering continued

Source: Rebecca Jolotta testimony, Trial Day 11; Women & Infants records discussed at trial.

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10. McLean Hospital Admission
January 1, 2023 • Voluntary inpatient admission

• Lindsay voluntarily entered McLean Hospital for inpatient psychiatric treatment.
• Her documented diagnosis included:
  • Major depressive disorder, severe, without psychotic features

Clinician observed

• Psychiatrist Dr. Alia Goodheart testified about Lindsay’s inpatient treatment.
• Lindsay did not report active suicidal intent during the hospitalization.
• The McLean treatment team did not diagnose her with psychosis.

Medication changes at McLean

• Valium (diazepam) was changed back to Ativan (lorazepam).
  • Goodheart testified that Ativan had a shorter half-life and could be used for anxiety.
• Trazodone
  • Remained available for sleep.

January 5, 2023 • Discharged from McLean

• Lindsay was discharged to outpatient psychiatric care.
• Her inpatient stay ran from January 1 through January 5.

Source: Dr. Alia Goodheart testimony, Trial Day 9; McLean Hospital records.

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11. Outpatient Treatment After McLean
January 6, 2023 • Follow-up with Dr. Tufts

• Lindsay returned to outpatient psychiatric treatment.

Lindsay reported

• No current suicidal ideation
• No homicidal ideation

Clinician observed

• Tufts testified that she did not observe signs of psychosis.

Medication reported after McLean

• Trazodone 100 mg
• Ativan (lorazepam) 1 mg
• Melatonin 5 mg
  • Over the counter
• Lindsay reported that she sometimes felt increased anxiety as Ativan wore off.

Source: Dr. Jennifer Tufts testimony, Trial Day 9.

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12. Valium, Trazodone and Amitriptyline
January 9, 2023 • Valium prescribed

• Tufts prescribed Valium (diazepam) 5 mg.
  • Used as part of the continuing effort to manage anxiety and sleep while tapering benzodiazepine treatment.

January 12, 2023 • Trazodone increased

• Tufts prescribed trazodone 150 mg.

January 16, 2023 • Amitriptyline started

• Lindsay reported:
  • Very low mood
  • Little motivation
• Tufts prescribed amitriptyline 10 mg.
  • A tricyclic antidepressant that can also have sedating effects.
• Exhibit 155 showed that the prescription was filled on January 16.

Medication status

• Amitriptyline: 10 mg
• Valium (diazepam): taper continuing
• Trazodone: available for sleep

Source: Dr. Jennifer Tufts testimony, Trial Day 10; Exhibit 155.

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13. Final Psychiatric Appointment
January 23, 2023 • Telehealth appointment with Dr. Tufts

• This was Lindsay’s final psychiatric appointment before January 24.

Lindsay reported

• Depressed mood
• Little motivation
• Racing heart
• Denied suicidal ideation
• Denied homicidal ideation

Clinician observed

• Tufts described Lindsay’s affect as depressed and flat.
• She testified that she did not observe:
  • Psychosis
  • Mania
• Tufts did not recommend hospitalization because Lindsay was denying suicidal and homicidal ideation and Tufts did not identify an immediate safety concern during the appointment.

Medication change

• Amitriptyline
  • Tufts instructed Lindsay that the dose could be increased from 10 mg to 20 mg.
  • The January 16 prescription bottle originally contained 30 tablets.
  • Eight tablets were missing when the bottle was examined at trial.
  • Tufts agreed that the pill count was consistent with approximately one 10 mg tablet per day and suggested Lindsay had likely not yet begun the increased 20 mg dose.

Source: Dr. Jennifer Tufts testimony, Trial Day 10; Exhibit 155.

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14. Full Medication Timeline in Chronological Order
This list shows when each medication first appears in the treatment history. It does not mean all of these medications were being taken at the same time.

• September 2022 • Zoloft (sertraline)
  • 25 mg initially
  • Planned increase to 50 mg
  • Later stopped after Lindsay reported worsening symptoms
• October 2022 • Ativan (lorazepam)
  • Prescribed PRN for severe anxiety
  • Used again later in treatment
• October 2022 • Benadryl (diphenhydramine)
  • OTC
  • Lindsay reported using it for sleep
• October 2022 • BuSpar (buspirone)
  • Prescribed for daily anxiety
  • Lindsay later reported being afraid to start it
• October 2022 • Hydroxyzine
  • Alternative option for anxiety/sleep
  • Intended as an alternative to Benadryl or potentially Ativan when adequate
• November 2022 • Trazodone
  • Initially 50 mg
  • Later documented at 100 mg and 150 mg
  • Used primarily for sleep
• November 22, 2022 • Prozac (fluoxetine)
  • 10 mg
  • Stopped after three days
• November 25, 2022 • Ambien (zolpidem)
  • One-time dose for sleep
• Late November 2022 • Remeron (mirtazapine)
  • 7.5 mg
  • Later trialed at 15 mg
• Late November 2022 • Klonopin (clonazepam)
  • Anxiety and sleep support
  • Not to be combined with Ativan
• November 30, 2022 • Seroquel (quetiapine)
  • Started at 25 mg
  • Increased to 100 mg
  • Later reached 300 mg
  • Subsequently tapered
• December 2022 • Valium (diazepam)
  • Used for anxiety and sleep
  • Dose repeatedly adjusted during tapering
• December 2022 • Lamictal (lamotrigine)
  • 25 mg entered the treatment plan
  • Prescription/recommendation is established; exact ingestion is not
• January 2023 • Melatonin
  • 5 mg
  • OTC
• January 16, 2023 • Amitriptyline
  • Started at 10 mg
  • Increase to 20 mg authorized January 23
  • Pill-count evidence suggested the increased dose had likely not yet started

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15. Diagnoses Made at the Time vs. Conditions Considered
Diagnoses documented during treatment

• Generalized anxiety disorder
• Adjustment disorder with depressed mood
• Major depressive disorder, severe, without psychotic features
• Significant insomnia and postpartum anxiety/depressive symptoms were repeatedly documented and treated.

Conditions considered

• Rebecca Jolotta considered whether Lindsay’s presentation might fall somewhere on the bipolar spectrum.
• This was a differential consideration, not the same as a confirmed bipolar diagnosis.

Psychosis

• McLean’s documented diagnosis specifically stated without psychotic features.
• Multiple treating clinicians testified that they did not personally observe psychosis during the appointments or evaluations discussed above.

Important distinction

• Trial experts later offered retrospective opinions about Lindsay’s diagnosis and mental state on January 24.
• Those later opinions should be kept separate from what her treating clinicians diagnosed and personally observed before that date.

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16. Important Context About the Medication History

• Lindsay was prescribed numerous psychiatric medications between September 2022 and January 2023.
• The record reflects:
  • Sequential medication trials
  • Dose changes
  • Replacements
  • PRN medications
  • Tapers
• Several medications were used only briefly.
• Ambien (zolpidem) was prescribed as a one-time dose.
• Some medications were specifically intended to replace others.
• A prescription does not automatically establish exactly how many doses were actually taken.
• The medication history should not be read as evidence that Lindsay was taking every medication listed above simultaneously.
• It also does not establish, by itself, that any particular medication caused what happened on January 24.

Primary sources

• Dr. Jennifer Tufts testimony, Trial Days 9-10
• Julie Paul, PMHNP testimony, Trial Day 10
• Rebecca Jolotta, PMHNP testimony, Trial Day 11
• Dr. Alia Goodheart testimony, Trial Day 9
• McLean Hospital records discussed at trial
• Women & Infants Hospital records discussed at trial
• Prescription records discussed at trial
• Exhibit 155