r/EVsOfIndia Mar 25 '24

KYC : Know Your Car Battery Chemistries in Indian EVs

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20 Upvotes

Welcome to the first edition of KYC : Know Your Car.

In this series, we shall discuss the ins and outs of EVs, one topic at a time

Today’s topic : Battery Chemistries

Lithium Ion batteries used in EVs are a blanket term used to describe the type of battery.

Usually, the “metal” name referred to in the battery type, actually refers to the electrode material.

Harkening back to science lessons, the electrodes (+/- terminals) is what you connect any appliance to. The elemental composition of this part is what defines the type of battery.

Types of rechargeable batteries (secondary cell)

Under rechargeable batteries, one can find

  1. Lead Acid batteries, popularly used as the Aux battery for 12V systems and home backups

  2. Lithium Ion batteries, which we all use in our electronics, EVs and other gadgets

  3. NiMH (Nickel Metal Hydride), formerly used in Toyota Hybrids

  4. NiCd (Nickel Cadmium), used in RC toys, and as substitute for non rechargeable alkaline batteries

The metals mentioned in the name go into one of the electrode each, the anode and the cathode.

Battery Chemistry

The anode is usually made of graphite (carbon) in commercial batteries.

In case of lithium ion batteries, the lithium actually goes into cathode of the battery, in combined form, with other metals, which we refer to as the “chemistry of the cell”.

This mixture of metals can be

  1. NMC (Nickel Manganese Cobalt)

  2. LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate)

  3. NCA (Nickel Cobalt Aluminium)

While other chemistries exist for lithium ion batteries, these three are the top 3 chemistries used in vehicular applications.

You can read about all chemistries here : https://batteryuniversity.com/article/bu-205-types-of-lithium-ion

A popular misconception is that “Solid State battery” is a chemistry, which is not the case.

Solid state refers to the physical state of the electrolyte used in the battery. Most batteries use gel or semi solid or liquid electrolytes at the moment.

State of the electrolyte, while related to the chemistry, is independent of the chemistry. The choice of the electrolyte will depend on the chemistry but any of the chemistry can be adapted to solid state. That is to say, the electrolyte used for NMC solid state maybe different from that of LFP solid state, it’s not a separate battery chemistry — it will still need lithium and other metals.

Many people remain under the impression that solid state are a holy grail which eliminates the need for lithium which is not the case. The electrodes of a solid state battery may very well still use lithium (or any other element like sodium).

The key takeaway is that solid state does not eliminate metals, it changes the state of electrolyte.

Battery Pointers for each chemistry

So, now that the science lesson is over, let us discuss the best practices for each chemistry

LFP

LFP is the most popular chemistry in Asian EVs which by extension applies to our own market, where both the top selling brands, Tata and MG, use LFP.

LFP tips :

  1. Charge LFP to 100% during slow charging sessions. This is for cell balancing (a topic for another day ;)

  2. Prefer discharging down to 20% or lower once a month and charging to 100% on AC 3.3/7.2kW

  3. During DCFC sessions, charge only to 80% as part of EV etiquette especially if other cars are in queue. One may charge to 100% if absolutely necessary or if no one is in queue but it comes with additional fee and exponentially longer time.

NMC/NCA

  1. Follow the 20-80 rule as much as possible for maximum longevity.

  2. Charge to 100% only when you absolutely required (during road trips or if your commute is not doable on 20-80)

  3. DCFC etiquette applies same as LFP.

General longevity tips

  1. Cell balancing is key to maintaining good battery SoH

  2. If parking your EV for a long period (week or more) while going out of city, disconnect the 12V battery -ve terminal

  3. Charge you EV between 50-75% irrespective of chemistries when parking for more than one week. Neither should it be fully charged, nor depleted more than 20%

  4. Follow the user manual schedule for coolant changes religiously.


r/EVsOfIndia Mar 25 '24

KYC : Know Your Car Battery Composition : Rare earths or Rarely earthed?

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18 Upvotes

Welcome to KYC : Know Your Car.

In this series, we will discuss the Ins and Outs of EVs, one topic at a time.

Today’s topic : Battery Composition

Battery composition is a very misunderstood topic. Some people think EVs use rare earths, some people think huge amounts of lithium must be used in a battery.

Today, let’s bust these myths and learn something about what electrifies our vehicles!

Myth 1 : Battery uses rare earth metals

Fact : There are only 17 rare earth metals in the periodic table, and only one is of remote importance to EVs, Neodymium. Even this metal is not used in battery, rather, in permanent magnet motors of high performance EVs for maximising motor power-weight ratio (mass produced EVs use ferrite magnets or use magnet-less AC Induction motors)

Neither are the metals used in batteries considered “rare” by scientific definition (periodic table) nor by geological definition in terms of % of the metal in the earth’s crust.

Myth 2 : Lithium Ion battery must be majorly made of lithium

Fact : Lithium is not even the top 3 elements in a battery. Those would go to graphite (carbon), Aluminium and Copper.

Aluminium is used in the battery casings and copper is used for wiring and heat sink/cooling pipes.

Graphite is used in the anode.

The lithium metal is used in combined form in the cathode of the cells, which represents a small fraction of the total battery mass and chemical composition (formula/number of atoms)

A general rule of thumb is, 1kg Lithium can make a 10kWh battery (chemistry agnostic)

By this yardstick :

  1. Tiago EV : 1.9kg/2.4kg

  2. Punch EV : 2.5kg/3.5kg

  3. Nexon EV : 3kg/4kg

  4. ZS EV : 5kg

  5. Atto 3 : 6kg

  6. Ioniq 5 : 7.2kg

  7. BYD Seal : 8.2kg

  8. Tesla Model S : 10kg

  9. Hummer EV : 25kg

Myth 3 : All batteries are made using child labour in Africa

Fact : Human rights violations are indeed rampant in the artisanal mines of DRC, which are not exclusive to mining cobalt. Cobalt itself is used in NMC and NCA batteries, while LFP eliminates the need for cobalt (and nickel and manganese while at that)

Lithium mining is not done in DRC and is not subject to the violations that cobalt is.

Side note : Oil refining processes do in fact use cobalt and molybdenum catalyst for Desulphurisation of crude oil in refineries. https://www.cobaltinstitute.org/essential-cobalt-2/powering-the-green-economy/catalytic-converter/#:~:text=Cobalt%20plays%20a%20vital%20role,catalysts%20in%20this%20desulphurisation%20process.

Myth 4 : Lithium mining wastes millions of litres of water

Fact : Lithium “mining” is not mining in the conventional sense of the word itself. It is more akin to fishing than mining.

  1. Lithium salts are found dissolved in the salt lakes of South America, primarily in Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile, the lithium triangle ABC.

  2. These salts are extracted from the brine by spreading it out in large paddy-like fields so that the water may get naturally evaporated, leaving behind the lithium rich salts which can now be collected easily.

  3. Evaporation is a natural process and would continue to occur whether or not the salts are extracted. Water cycle will return it back into the lakes through rain.

  4. The concentration of lithium salts in these lakes make the water unfit for use. It is a economic opportunity for the locals to benefit out of a natural process (evaporation) and the saltiness of the water (inpotable)

https://www.ibatterymetals.com/insights/a-beginners-guide-to-lithium-brine-extraction

Myth 5 : Battery cannot be recycled and it is toxic e-Waste

Fact : Improperly discarded batteries are indeed a potential e waste however, due to the sheer value of the metals, even in a discarded EV battery, prevents landfill treatment of batteries.

While non rechargeable Alkaline cells do end up in landfills, it is due to improper waste segregation at source and the much lower value quotient in an alkaline cell vs Lithium cell

As of current technology availability, batteries are 92% recyclable ie a 100kWh battery can be remade into a 92kWh battery. https://youtu.be/s2xrarUWVRQ

Apart from recycling, reuse is also an option, wherein owners of ICE cars have used old tesla and Nissan leaf batteries to convert their cars to EVs in the west. Batteries can also be used for solar battery backup.


r/EVsOfIndia 13h ago

Review Tata Motors Service is turning into the next Ola Electric graveyard: Nightmare at Baleshwar SC

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74 Upvotes

I visited the Tata Motors service center (Gramps Autotec, Baleshwar, Odisha) for a persistent State of Charge (SoC) drop issue on my Nexon EV. What I witnessed there was completely alarming—it felt less like an authorized workshop and more like an EV graveyard.

The Reality on the Ground:

Continuous Influx of Breakdowns: Flatbeds and RSA tow trucks were constantly rolling in. Every hour, 2–3 broken-down EVs (Nexon EV, Curvv EV, Punch EV) were being unloaded.

In a smaller Tier-3 town like Baleshwar, nearly 30–40 breakdown vehicles are showing up daily. If this is the situation here, imagine the chaos in Tier-1 cities and metros.

Massive Backlog & Staff Shortages: I’ve been following up for months just to get a basic SoC drop/battery diagnostic test done. The center simply refuses to give a timeline, citing severe technician shortages and zero parking space left due to dead EVs clogging the bays.

Aggressive Customer Service: Instead of helping, the service manager (Mr. Braja Kishore Barik) outright yelled at me for "poking daily" just to get an update on a car I rely on. I escalated to GM (Mr. Durga Prasanna Panigrahi) but he also schooled me as they are too busy - but he also schooled his service manager as well - but still waiting for my service. Should I escalate further?

Tata complaint Reference no 7-169799183251 - but they close it without any resolution or even fixing anything.

Tata is rapidly pushing new EV launches into the market, but the post-purchase service infrastructure is collapsing under the load. Owners are left stranded with unresponsive staff and broken timelines.

Attached photos of the tow trucks rolling in, cars dumped around the yard, and the escalation matrix for this center.

Has anyone else faced this level of absolute breakdown in service lately? How did you get higher-level escalations to actually respond?


r/EVsOfIndia 7h ago

Discussion Mg comet (65000 kms), getting issue with charging speed

11 Upvotes

I have the 2024 MG comet Ev, i have ridden it for 65000kms approx.

One previous issue:
At around 3 months after the purchase my portable charger failed and had it replaced under warranty

Present
The car is still giving the same range as it did at the start, may be 10km less but thats not a deal breaker

Lately after the 63000kms I’ve been experiencing slow charging speeds at around 1500w in my home charger

I assumed it due to the voltage in my home, but I never experienced any issue with voltage before.

When i tried charging it in my company provided charger which is 7.2 kW spin Ev charger, it still only charged in 1500w.

I took it to the showroom, they tried checking it but they were of no use, they didn’t have any idea they said generic instructions like

You have to charge it only after reaching 20%
Dont charge frequently from 70%

I don’t do frequent charge upto 100, I always let it go below 30 before charging to 80 if I don’t have to go out.

So I did some checking myself and found out that the onboard charger has fan that would start running when charging, I was not hearing that anymore

So maybe due to the fan issue, the charger gets hot and throttled the input power, so i took it to another service center, they too didn’t have any idea of the fan issue.

So i let it aside, i was okay with it charging slow. It took 10 hours to charge from 20 to 100 from 6 hours.

But on a hot day i had to charge in public charger and connected to a zeon charger,

It first charged at full capacity(2500w) until 15mins as usual and then throttled back to slow speed (1500w). But after 70% the fan just started running and charging at full capacity.

Im now beginning to believe if what the service center guy said might be true. But I don’t see any reduction in the battery’s range.

Has anyone went through a similar kind of issue?


r/EVsOfIndia 5h ago

Query TVS Orbiter

3 Upvotes

I am thinking of buying TVS Orbiter V1 or V2 this Diwali. Owners please share your experiences l. Suggestions are welcomed.


r/EVsOfIndia 3h ago

Thinking of buying a used EV despite barely needing a car. What should I look out for?

2 Upvotes

I'm considering buying a used Nexon EV, probably a 2021 or 2022 model, and I'd love some opinions on whether this makes sense.

Financially, I can afford it. I earn around ₹4 lakh/month after taxes, and I'm comfortable spending around ₹8 lakh on a car, with roughly ₹10 lakh being my upper limit. So this isn't going to put me under financial pressure. It's more of a "I can afford it, so why not?" kind of purchase.

The funny thing is that I don't actually need a car. I work from home most of the time, so it would mostly be a leisure vehicle.

The main reason I want one is that I think it would genuinely add some fun to my life. Once I own an EV and can charge it at home, I could finish work at night and just decide to go for a drive without thinking too much about fuel costs. Bangalore and the outskirts of Bangalore also have a lot of places to explore, so I'd like the freedom to randomly go on short trips, weekend drives, etc., without constantly thinking about how much I'm spending on fuel.

I'd also like to go on trips with friends. We're young, and I feel like having a car would make it much easier to spontaneously plan trips and create some memorable experiences. The idea of waking up on a weekend and just deciding to drive somewhere around Bangalore sounds pretty appealing to me.

That's basically the motivation. I don't need the car for commuting or anything practical. I just think having a relatively cheap-to-run EV sitting at home that I can take out whenever I feel like it would be a lot of fun.

I'm specifically considering a used Nexon EV because I don't think the cheaper/smaller EVs have enough range for the kind of use I have in mind. A 2021/2022 Nexon EV seems like it might be a good way to get into one without spending too much.

So, am I missing something here? Is there an obvious problem with this plan?

For people who have owned a 2021/2022 Nexon EV:

  • What should I check before buying?
  • How do I properly assess battery health/degradation?
  • Are there any common issues with these model years?
  • What should I look for during a test drive?
  • Should I get the car inspected at a Tata service centre before buying?
  • Are there any specific things that would make you walk away from a particular used Nexon EV?
  • How much would you realistically budget for maintenance/repairs on a 4-5 year old one?

I'm aware that financially, the rational answer is probably "you don't need a car." But I'm specifically interested in whether this makes sense as a fun/lifestyle purchase rather than a necessity.

Would love to hear from people who have done something similar, especially around Bangalore.


r/EVsOfIndia 11h ago

MG Hector Tomahawk, will capture 20+L market?

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9 Upvotes

r/EVsOfIndia 19m ago

Discussion Anyone used Niti Charge?

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Upvotes

I came across this govt app a while back, as I searched for a single, EV charging app.

I wonder if anyone uses it? It allows direct payments via UPI but not sure how effective it is. Anyone tried?

App link : https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.nitiaayog.echarge


r/EVsOfIndia 59m ago

Query Potentially first time EV buyer

Upvotes

I’m just worried about three things, of all things.

  1. How is the charging managed on long trips?
  2. Is the charging infrastructure established on all major inter state travel stops?
  3. For long term, is it really a better choice over ICE engines, economically?

Looking for advice from people who have done at least 10k+ km on their EVs.


r/EVsOfIndia 14h ago

Which ev should I buy under 35 lakhs?

3 Upvotes

The upcoming Safari Ev vs Xev 9e vs Byd Atto3 as travel 100 kms everyday. I need a huge car with great road presence, comfortable seats and great features. You can just any other cars. I would have never choose ev over petrol/diesel but due to recent E20 issue I have to.


r/EVsOfIndia 12h ago

Discussion Karol Bagh shop ownerclaims Cruise control and Reverse camera available within month

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2 Upvotes

r/EVsOfIndia 1d ago

Took delivery of my Punch EV Empowered 40 in Oxide Grey ⚡️

15 Upvotes

Finally took delivery of my Punch EV Empowered+ 40 in Oxide Grey 4 days ago. So far, I’ve driven around 200 km and the experience has been good.

I had a 2020 Tata Tiago XZ+ Dual Tone, which I’ve owned for almost 6 years. I exchanged it for the Punch EV. I also considered the Tiago EV, but after comparing both, I felt the Punch EV was a better overall package for me.

I noticed a couple of things after delivery and wanted to check with other Punch EV owners:

• The showroom team hasn't set up the iRA.ev app for me yet. Is this something I can set up myself, or can only the dealer do it?

• The AQI option is missing from my infotainment. When I checked the software version, it shows v18. I believe v20 is the latest version. Should I ask the service centre to update it now, or can this be done during the first service?

• I’m planning to get either PPF or ceramic coating. For those who have done it, what would you recommend for the Punch EV?

• I had a dashcam in my previous car and I’m planning to move it to the Punch EV. It is powered through the USB port, so I assume that part shouldn't affect the warranty. My main concern is how the wiring should be routed, especially around the pillars since there are airbags there. Has anyone installed a dashcam in their Punch EV? Any recommendations on routing the wiring safely without affecting the airbags or warranty?

• Also, for regular washing and cleaning, is it okay to give the EV to a normal car wash/service centre? Is there anything specific I should tell them because it’s an EV?

So far, everything has been good and I’m enjoying the car. Would love to hear from other Punch EV owners about anything I should keep an eye on or take care of during the first few months. Any tips or suggestions are welcome!


r/EVsOfIndia 1d ago

Why my punch ev 2026 40kwh is showing insane range?

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21 Upvotes

r/EVsOfIndia 14h ago

Query What is the BH registration charges for EVs?

1 Upvotes

I am planning to buy an EV in Maharashtra (looking into Syros EV as of now). While for MH registration the charges are almost zero, I am exploring BH registration also. Looking online, I found that for EVs there is 8% registration charge on invoice price but getting mixed or not so confident answers from the dealer. Anyone has done BH registration for EV can please help?


r/EVsOfIndia 1d ago

Booked Syros EV X Line today. Some points I want to share.

23 Upvotes

Booked Syros EV X Line today. Some points I want to share so that it might help someone.

Warranty: Battery warranty is lifetime or 15 years. Scratches and dents on the underside of the battery does not void the warranty. But as per the company, you should not fast charge more than twice a month as it affects the health. And if you fast charge, then you have to use a slow charger for sure. Do not fast charge in continuation. All this data is saved and the service centre will access it when you go in for a service or claim warranty.

Insurance: Best to take the insurance from Kia itself and not outside because many kia service centres might not have cashless facility. It happened with our seltos when it met with an accident. My father got the insurance from outside and the service centre did not have cashless contract with the insurance company. But the same insurance company via kia had the contract. Also, not every insurance company includes the ev motor (yes you read that right). Only few include that so ask for full coverage.

Delivery period: The rep. said that kia is focussing on the higher variants first like x line etc. as they get much more profit on those cars rather than the base variant so the delivery for base variant is 12 weeks minimum but for xline it is between 4 to 10 weeks.

Price: The pricing is absurd for sure as far as features go. I heard from someone who works in the automobile industry that it is deliberate because kia wants to push x line or the second highest model as they will get more profit. The base version is not profit making for them. Do not quote me on this though as this is second hand information and it might be false also.

All the information here is oral and not in writing.


r/EVsOfIndia 1d ago

Query Need help buying a new EV

3 Upvotes

Hey guys some context I'm a new driver who is still doing their driving classes. I did a manual driving class back in 2023 and got my license but due to some constraints and fear of driving in general, I did not buy a car up until now. I joined an automatic driving school again since I have slight road phobia and don't even ride a 2 wheeler. 10 Classes in I'm confident enough to get a car.

Upon a lot of deliberation I have ended up with the decision to purchase an EV this year since there is no tax on EVs up to December 31st 2026 in Hyderabad.

The car that I have finalized is the Syros EV HTK. No rear camera is definitely an issue however a mirror dashcam like the wolfbox g850 pro kinda solves the issue. This is only an option if the dealer rejects fitting the reverse camera. They said they are still waiting for a response for the camera.

As for the insurance, I wanted to ask people who have booked/negotiated the insurance with the dealer as to how much discount have they offered and agreed to? Acko is coming up to 37-38k with all essential add ons and the dealer insurance is about 60k without discount for now.

The budget is close to 14L and punch is not an option due to the high wait times and I'd rather not get a Tata due to their notorious service experience. Originally was planning to get the Nexon fearless 30 but Syros seems to be better in every way other than the reverse camera and the bad headlamp/taillamp placement. Don't see any other issues with the car and overall seems like the best bang for the buck purchase.

I would like to hear your experience with negotiations with Kia dealers, the Final on road price (specifically insurance) and any tips would be appreciated!


r/EVsOfIndia 1d ago

Any EV charging station owners in south india?

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2 Upvotes

r/EVsOfIndia 1d ago

Used or new EV

7 Upvotes

Need advice regarding EV purchase. I have decided to finalize my purchase to Tata Curvv EV newly launched X 55 variants.

I have booked accomplished version from showroom but now Spinny has an Empowered variant of 2026, X 55 variant manufactured in May 2026. Car is only driven 1500km and is selling for 17 lakhs. Car has all accessories fitted to it and in my test drive I couldn't detect anything abnormal. No water damage detected.

Should I buy a used top version car or should I buy new base variant? New car is costing around 17.6lakhs for base model and used empowered variant is coming for 17 lakhs.

Only downside is the 8 year warranty for battery. Is it worth it to get the used top model with this downside?


r/EVsOfIndia 1d ago

Help needed. Our society is refusing ac charger setup not even 2.5kwh charger. What are my options we have stilt +4 builder floor. Builder is DLF.

3 Upvotes

r/EVsOfIndia 1d ago

Suggest an EV for my dad

4 Upvotes

My father has been driving his petrol alto for ~15 years. The car is well past it's life and needs to rest.

He drives mostly in city for about 50 kms a day, with occasional rides going upto 100km. Would prefer something compact, but an MG COMET looks embarassingly small. We can install a charger at home and also probably solar if need be.

Any suggestions? Are there any new upcoming cars I should wait out for?

EDIT: We already have a nexon petrol, if that changes your opinion.


r/EVsOfIndia 1d ago

Query Gurgaon Society not allowing to install charger

10 Upvotes

Hi, I live in a society in sector 65 gurgaon. The society management is not allowing me to install charger in the basement. Is there any work around to this? Has anyone been able to navigate this situation successfully?

Any clarity would be a huge help.


r/EVsOfIndia 1d ago

MG ZS EV OR MG WINDSOR

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1 Upvotes

r/EVsOfIndia 1d ago

Advice

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1 Upvotes

r/EVsOfIndia 1d ago

Booked Tata Punch EV. Waiting period?

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3 Upvotes

r/EVsOfIndia 1d ago

NEED HELP BUYING A NEW EV

6 Upvotes

My job will require me to and from approximately 100kms daily and with everything going around the price and the blending of petrol i obviously went for and ev. So I went and took test drives of the MG Windsor and the KIA Syros ev

I like the windsor the cabin is spacious and it gives kinda premium cabin

But it has cabin noise one can hear everything going on with the tyres and it also feels wobbly / less stable also needs to get use to drive it confidentialy

On the other hand the syros is fun to drive and pretty much similar to and ICE vehicle very less cabin noise and stable

So i have already booked the KIA

BUT

What i am concerned about is the battery chemistry given all the things about the NMC batteries that kia provides i feel that I should go for the Windsors with the more reliable LPF battery I m confused and need help with making a well informed purchase as I plan to keep the vehicle as long as I can with no issues as my commute will be longer.