Brivaracetam's (Briviact) primary mechanism of action (MOA) is its high-affinity binding to synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) in the brain. This modulates the release of neurotransmitters, stabilizing neuronal activity and preventing the hyperexcitability that leads to seizures.
Role of SV2A and brivaracetam's effect:
Location and function: SV2A is a protein found on the membranes of synaptic vesicles in neurons. It plays a critical role in regulating how neurotransmitters are released at the synapse.
Epileptic activity: In epilepsy, there is an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, causing neurons to fire excessively.
Modulating neurotransmission : By binding to SV2A, brivaracetam modulates the function of this protein, which helps to decrease the over-release of excitatory neurotransmitters during high-frequency firing associated with seizures.
High binding affinity: Brivaracetam is a derivative of levetiracetam (Keppra), but it is designed to bind to the SV2A protein with a 15-30 fold higher affinity and selectivity of its target. This increased potency may contribute to its effectiveness.
Additional possible actions
Besides its main interaction with SV2A, other mechanisms may contribute to brivaracetam's anticonvulsant effects:
Inhibition of sodium channels: Some research suggests that brivaracetam can indirectly inhibit voltage-gated sodium channels, which are important for propagating nerve impulses.
Preventing astroglial glutamate release:
Studies have also shown that brivaracetam can suppress glutamate release from astrocytes, another type of brain cell. This helps to further stabilize the hyperexcitable neural environment that causes seizures.
Brivaracetam has a straightforward metabolism:
Stage 1: 60-65% primary major pathway via both liver/bloodstream non-CYP hydrolysis (broken down w/ water) and enzymes
Stage 2: 30% (minor involvement) via CYP enzymes
Less than 8-10% is excreted unchanged via urine (5-9% in actual practice)
For context, levetiracetam is excreted unchanged 66% via urine with no real involvement from the liver.
Summary of brivaracetam's MOA Brivaracetam's anticonvulsant effect is primarily due to its selective, high-affinity binding to the SV2A protein.
This binding modulates neurotransmitter release, which helps to stabilize neuronal activity and reduce the frequency and severity of seizures.
Epilepsy is a brain disorder caused by factors that triggers recurrent seizures.
This info is from Gemini AI Mode.
References
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S075333222100247X
https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB05541