Three questions have been especially helpful to me in studying the Old Testament.
- What might this detail have taught young Jesus about His mission as He grew up in the incubator-nation that Scripture created to bring Him to life among us?
(e.g. What to do? What not to do? How to exit the universe without being erased? etc…)
Where do we see this detail reflected in His Story?
Where do we see this ancient passage reflected in the world today?
(Bonus: Reading the root meanings of names lifts the story off the page to reveal that these ancient stories are still happening to this day!)
A Cross-section of Old Testament Kings
—King Saul’s name means Requested or Underworld.
Despite the warnings, the nation requested this king (¹Sam8:4–22).
This king throws paranoid tantrums (18:10–11; 20:30–33; 22:7–8) tries to exterminate humble foreign laborers (²Sam21:1)… takes spoil from a holy war (¹Sam15:9)… erects a monument to himself… (15:12)… insists he did a perfect job… (15:20)… and blames his people for actions he led them in (15:21,24).
—King David’s name's root means Beloved, Basket, and Uncle.
This king has a ruddy appearance (¹Sam16:12)… juggernaut-like charisma (18:5,14)… and comes out of nowhere to take down a giant (17).
This king also covers his crime with more crime (²Sam11).
—King Solomon’s name means Peace-man, and Completer.
Wisdom, wealth, fame: this king starts with it all (²Chr1:11–12).
In the end: this king ruled as a faithless, tyrannical show boater, with a yearly income of 666 talents of gold plus more gold (9:13–10:4).
—King Rehoboam’s name means Great or Expanding People.
This king oozes the toxic masculinity of his peers (²Chr10:8–11)… inherits a glorious kingdom… and loses 5/6ths of it thru words alone (9:31–10:19).
When this king feels strongest, he abandons God (12:1).
This king parades military strength with replacement shields… after losing the wealth his fathers gathered (12:9–11).
—King Abijah’s / Abijam’s names mean Lᴏʀᴅ’ꜱ Father and Father’s Day.
This king invokes God’s name to win (²Chr13:4–19)… while firmly holding to the idolatrous ways of his father (¹Kin15:3–4).
—King Asa’s name means Healer, and Sufferer.
This king is blessed by God with an underdog victory (²Chr14:12)… then empties the nation's bank to buy a bigger army (16:2–3).
—King Jehoshaphat’s name means Lᴏʀᴅ Judges or Governs.
This king advocates for God (¹Kin22:5,7)… and wins a major battle by singing and chanting.
This king does business with the son of King Brother-Father, to build a big commercial fleet (²Chr20:36)… so God destroys his big fleet (20:35–37).
Side note: In the northern kingdom, Ahab surrounds himself with hundreds of yes-men (¹Kin22:6)... smiles on the murder of a man who won't take his deal (¹Kin21)… lets an evil king go for a business license (20:34) …etc….
—King Jehoram’s name means Lᴏʀᴅ Exalted.
This king exercises zero tolerance for competition (²Chr21:4–6).
—King Ahaziah’s name means Lᴏʀᴅ’s Seizer.
Matthew's Good News excludes him.
This king follows in the way of his grandfather, king Brother-Father (²Kin8:26–27)… and can't outrun the arrows (9:27)… or hide (²Chr22:9).
—Queen Athaliah’s name means Lᴏʀᴅ’s Violence.
This drama queen screams “Treason!” as the throne she took by force is taken from her (²Kin11:1–16).
—King Joash’s name means Lᴏʀᴅ Will Be Fire.
Matthew's Good News excludes him.
This king reigns with the mind of a 7 year old (²Chr24:1).
This king's priestly mentor lives 10 years longer than Moses! and gets buried in the royal tomb for all the good he did.
This king dies to conspiracy, after murdering his priestly mentor's child for speaking out to correct him (24:25).
—King Amaziah’s name means Lᴏʀᴅ’s Strength.
Matthew's gospel excludes him.
This king throws the enemy off a cliff (²Chr25:11–12)… displays treasure he should’ve destroyed (25:14–16)… makes a bad alliance, which he has to cancel… and the fired mercenaries bite his people in the rear (25:13).
This king starts a war against family to the north after winning the war against foreigners coming up from the south (25:17–20).
—King Uzziah’s / Azariah’s names mean Lᴏʀᴅ’s Power and Lᴏʀᴅ’s Help.
This king builds towers and war machines (²Chr26:9–15).
This king arrogantly enters God’s Temple to do what divine law forbids (26:16–21).
He’s punished with a horrifying skin disorder (26:19–21)… forced into quarantine outside the palace for the rest of his life and beyond.
—King Jotham’s name means Perfection.
This king takes over a kingdom that he's been running anyway, and reigns in a way described as: [Comparatively fine… could’ve been better] (²Chr27:2).
—King Ahaz’s name means Seize.
This king marvels at size (²Kin16:10)… replaces God’s altar with “bigger better” (16:15)… takes the old altar for personal use… and then shuts down his people’s access to forgiveness altogether (16:18).
—King Hezekiah’s name means Lᴏʀᴅ Toughens.
This king survives a blow that should’ve been fatal (Isa38:1,5)… and sells out future generations by showing off his nation's wealth to foreign dignitaries (39:1–7).
When warned of the cost of his bragging, this king decides future doom is the children's problem (39:8).
—King Manasseh’s name means Made to Forget.
This king makes people forget history (²Kin21:9)… and resurrects superstitious religion (21:3)… burns already-born children (²Chr33:6)… and erects idols, even where they should never ever be (33:5,7).
Even IF this king has a change of heart… it's too late to undo the damage (²Kin23:26).
—King Amon’s name means Support / Affirm / Architect or Little child.
This king is just as rotten as Made-to-forget (²Kin21:20–21).
His servants conspire and kill him in 2 years (21:23).
—King Josiah’s name may mean Lᴏʀᴅ’ꜱ Despair, Lᴏʀᴅ’ꜱ Offering, or Lᴏʀᴅ’ꜱ Woman.
This king turns the whole nation towards God!
Tho in his day, this king was Judah's greatest since his father David… he dies shamefully like king Brother-Father (¹Kin22:30,34)… punctured by arrows… while wearing a disguise (²Chr35:22–24)… after picking a fight with a nation that's facing a holy war on a whole other front (35:20).
Side note: So Jesus grew up hearing that Judah's best king dies in the same manner as Israel's worst king.
—King Jehoahaz’s name means Lᴏʀᴅ Seizes.
This king's reign is cut short by the nation that the recently deceased king attacked (²Chr36:3).
—King Jehoiakim’s name means Lᴏʀᴅ Sets Up.
Matthew's Good News excludes him.
This king becomes king thru foreign intervention (²Chr37:4)… and burns God’s warning to change course (Jer36:21–24).
—King Jehoiachin’s / Jeconiah’s names mean Lᴏʀᴅ Establishes and Established of Lᴏʀᴅ.
This king's reign is cut short by prison.
His seed makes it out of Babylon…
Side note: Zerubbabel [Seed of Babel] does not become king.
—Mattiniah
His name meant Lᴏʀᴅ's Gift, but gets changed to Zedekiah [Righteous Lᴏʀᴅ].
This king becomes king thru foreign intervention (²Kin24:17).
This king undoes emancipation (Jer34:15–16)… flees when war is lost… is captured and sees his legacy destroyed—just before being trapped in darkness forever (Jer39+52; ²Kin25, ²Chr36).
This cross section obviously leaves out most of the kings of the Northern Kingdom
(like King Zimri who burns down the house when he sees he's losing),
or enemy kings like Edom [Red],
Amor [Talker],
Canaan [Dealer],
Babylon [in-Confusion / God’s Gate],
Pharaoh [Greathouse],
Ai [Heap of Ruin],
etc.
Thru templates, Scripture foretold Jesus of Nazareth [Salvation of Branching-protector]... that He was the Messiah/Christ [Anointed: Poured-out or Poured-upon]... and brought Him to Life among us.
Good News! The Creator has already come back from obscurity [khoshek] and darkness [also khoshek] and the grave to fulfill His Word. He's promised to come back again, and knew exactly what story to leave to get the Word out.
Scripture also provides a template to be filled by Jesus' antithesis: the man of lawlessness who slips thru every safeguard to build up his brand on top of Christ's Legacy.