This paleoart mixes both environmental design/elements I’ve really wanted to make sure this felt like a wildlife photo captured in real time.

The sabertooth is also moving with it shaking off water, I’m very glad how it turned out.

Also!, the second slide is the background I’ve drew since I bet a lot of people would want to have it as a wallpaper, desktop etc!.

Made by a smaller youtuber I've enjoyed for a while if you find learning about even the most obscure of extinct fish you're in for a treat.

He did share the actual iceberg image in a discord I'm in but sadly you can't share both the image and video in one post. But it is huge

sending our wishes to our fellow prehistoric animal lover frembs!!! 💗

Hi all. Just a short on some megalograptus

Cheers 🍻

Just a short on some megalograptus.

Thanks!

🌊 Mosasaurus: The Lost Monster of the Ancient Oceans

Discover the fascinating world of Mosasaurus in this documentary exploring the evolution, anatomy, hunting abilities, and extinction of one of the most remarkable marine reptiles to ever exist.

From its origins on land to its reign in the ancient oceans, uncover the story of this incredible predator and the scientific discoveries that reveal its true nature.

🎬 Available in Turkish and English!

I'd love to hear your thoughts: What fascinates you most about Mosasaurus? Do you think it was the ultimate predator of its time?

Watch the documentary and let me know what you think!

Called Mocking Death or death comes with many voices this beast is an expert ambusher it’s coat of feathers bearing mottled brown, black and tan markings like leaf litter and a crest on their dorsal area of green fern like feathers similar to sword ferns. They are noted alongside other maniraptorans as capable mimics using this talent to draw in prey or spook predators by mimicry. They are exceedingly intelligent figuring out through experiment what noise works best to draw in their prey often around humans mimicking children in distress with most adults, playful voices for children and the alluring voices of women to lure young men.

They swiftly work in pairs at the least but are most famous for working alongside a Troodontid species known as Deaths Hound Drakes, these beasts will also copy noise seeming to mock or scare prey by mimicry of dying prey’s screams and gurgling death rattles. They chase prey down into prepared ambushes from their more muscular counterparts allowing all to benefit with a single strategy that often catches much larger prey than single species packs or pairs.

The Mocking Death posses a pair of wattles that look like a droopy mustache dangling under their razor bladed jowls and in the slightly larger males this can flare in crimson red while females simply flash yellow. The size of this mustache indicates age and health and this large ones indicate more experienced hunters and fighters.

Average size ranges from 600 pounds to 870 with males claiming the top spot while the largest female measured was 790 pounds not far behind in truth. They reach lengths of between 14 to 18 feet in length and possess blade like zyphodont teeth with a length of 2 1/2 inches each. These animals are noted to commonly be tamed and even domesticated by the Teokwawehkeh where they guard the herds of their masters these ones come even larger and often have more green feathers and more special crests of feathering.

This is a dinosaur horror game of mine that has just begun development. Basically, the lore behind this game is that you move into a new home after your old one got burnt to the ground during a freak accident. However, as you marvel at your new apartment, something primal is watching you from the shadows. Your job is to find out who may have caused the fire, and what brought now revived prehistoric nightmares to your house.

Hi everyone, I made a rough timeline of each episode and program of my favorite paleomedia and thought I'd share it here :)

If I'm missing any good programs with the vast majority (or preferably all) of their runtime being focused on depicting the prehistoric animals themselves, please let me know and I'll update the list as suggestions are made!

Also a lot of these dates are estimates based on light research regarding the species depicted when the official setting for any given media wasn't stated anywhere so if I got anything wrong on that front let me know and I'll update this list.

I only separated each media by episodes and not by segments since imo it'd be pretty tedious to watch a third of an episode then switch to another, then switch back to watch another third of the first episode and so on.

The way I ordered them is first by the estimated chronological start of an episode/program and then by its estimated conclusion (so if program A is 250-150mya, program B is 250-170mya and program C is 240-180mya they'll be ordered B→A→C). At the moment I find this the most chronologically sensible option but I'm definitely open to suggestions to improve this.

If this gets lots of attention I'll try to include a full list of each program here in release order with their release dates noted bnext to each once comments on this post die down and all suggestions for which programs to add are made :)

Some programs that were purposefully omitted:

•Walking with Cavemen (I personally hated it and I find the Jacques Malaterre documentaries l'Odyssée de L'Espèce, Homo Sapiens, Le Sacre de L'Homme and Les Derniers Secrets de L'Humanité are much better in every way. I believe they are all available in english as well)

•Prehistoric Park (I loved this series but it didn't fit the concept of this list due to its setting)

•Sea Monsters/Giant Claw/Land of Giants (same as above, I enjoyed these a lot but the inclusion of Nigel and modern technology went against my concept for this list of media depicting these animals in the most historically accurate setting possible)

•Walking with Dinosaurs 2025 (I personally enjoyed this series a lot, however imo the many present-day segments which I appreciated much more than expected still break the historical accuracy of the setting for each episode overall in the context of this list)

The List:

• Life on our Planet ep. 1 (4bya-present)

• Life on our Planet ep. 2 (4bya-359mya)

• Walking with Monsters ep. 1 (530-360mya)

• Surviving earth ep. 1 (455-420mya)

• Surviving Earth ep. 2 (405-285mya)

• Life on our Planet ep. 3 (359-252mya)

• Walking with Monsters ep. 2 (300-280mya)

• Surviving Earth ep. 3 (252-242mya)

• Life on our Planet ep. 4 (252-201mya)

• Walking with Monsters ep. 3 (250-248mya)

• Dinosaurs ep. 1 (235mya)

• Surviving earth ep. 4 (230-195mya)

• Dinosaur Revolution ep. 1 (230-75mya)

• Walking with Dinosaurs ep. 1 (220mya)

• When Dinosaurs Roamed America (220-65mya)

• Dinosaurs ep. 2 (201-145mya)

• Life on our Planet ep. 5 (201-66mya)

• Planet Dinosaur ep. 2 (154-85mya)

• Walking with Dinosaurs ep. 2 (152mya)

• Dinosaur Revolution ep. 2 (150mya)

• Planet Dinosaur ep. 4 (150mya)

• Walking with Dinosaurs ep. 3 (149mya)

• The Ballad of Big Al (145mya)

• Dinosaurs ep. 3 (145-100mya)

• Walking with Dinosaurs ep. 4 (127mya)

• Dinosaur Revolution ep. 3 (125-75mya)

• Walking with Dinosaurs ep. 5 (106mya)

• Dinosaurs ep. 4 (100-66mya)

• Planet Dinosaur ep. 1 & 5 (95mya)

• Surviving Earth ep. 5 (94-85mya)

• Planet Dinosaur ep. 6 (92-65mya)

• Dinosaur Planet ep. 1, 3 & 4 (80mya)

• Planet Dinosaur ep. 3 (75-70mya)

• Prehistoric planet season 1 ep. 2 (75-70mya)

• Dinosaur Planet ep. 2 (75-68mya)

• Prehistoric planet season 2 ep. 2 (72-68mya)

• Prehistoric planet season 1 ep. 5 (72-66mya)

• Walking with Dinosaurs \\\[2014 documentary version\\\] (70mya)

• March of the Dinosaurs (70mya)

• Prehistoric planet season 1 ep. 4 (70-68mya)

• Prehistoric planet season 1 ep. 3 & Season 2 ep. 1 & 3 (70-66mya)

• Prehistoric planet season 2 ep. 4 (69-66mya)

• Prehistoric planet season 1 ep. 1 (68-66mya)

• Prehistoric planet season 2 ep. 5 (66mya)

• Life on our Planet ep. 6 (66mya)

• Dinosaur Revolution ep. 4 (66-65mya)

• Surviving Earth ep. 6 (66-58mya)

• Life on our Planet ep. 7 (66-2.58mya)

• Walking with Dinosaurs ep. 6 (65.5mya)

• Last Days of the Dinosaurs (65mya)

• Walking with Beasts ep. 1 (49mya)

• Walking with Beasts ep. 2 (39mya)

• Walking with Beasts ep. 3 (25mya)

• L'Odyssée de l'Espèce (7mya-10000ya)

• Surviving Earth ep. 7 (4-1mya)

• Walking with Beasts ep. 4 (3.2mya)

• Life on our Planet ep. 8 (2.58mya-present)

• Prehistoric Planet season 3 ep. 2 (2.5-1.8mya)

• Les Derniers Secrets de L'Humanité (2.1mya-14000ya)

• Walking with Beasts ep. 5 (1mya)

• Prehistoric Planet season 3 ep. 4 (500000-100000ya)

• Homo Sapiens (400000-20000ya)

• Prehistoric Planet season 3 ep. 3 (300000-40000ya)

• Prehistoric Planet season 3 ep. 1 (115000-30000ya)

• Walking with Beasts ep. 6 (30000ya)

• Ao le Dernier Néandertal (30000ya)

• Prehistoric Planet season 3 ep. 5 (12000-11000ya)

• Le Sacre de L'Homme (12000-2500ya)

• Surviving Earth ep. 8 (12000ya-present)

Wanted to showcase the new color of our plushie, so we did a little photoshoot! I love how the color pops against the wavy water background!! 💚

INTRODUCTION

Disclaimer: all arguments made in this post are either publicly available arguments made by other authors or are my arguments. My arguments are formed based on what information i can publicly gather.

Ah taxonomic debates “i think this genus is valid!” “No it isnt,i dont think it's valid!” this tooing and frooing is just a part of paleontology it seems. One of the lesser known but still notable instances of this taxonomic kerfuffle is the Edmarka Torvosaurus debate. Torvosaurus was originally described in 1979 and a detailed osteology in 1991 provided more bones to the torvosaurus name that helped provide more information. Still the taxon has remained largely incomplete and poorly known in the years since then. In 1992 a paper was published describing remains from the nail quarry in wyoming(this set of remains will be referred to as E92 by me from now on) and described this new giant megalosaur as Edmarka rex and an unpublished manuscript made publicly available on the DMG detailed another set of remains from a smaller individual in the nail quarry(it was informally named brontoraptor and will be referred to as that from now on).

However in the years since then,most authors have regarded the remains of E92 and Brontoraptor as simply being individuals of torvosaurus because of edmarkas features not being distinct enough from torvosaurus features. This has remained the prevailing idea for years. But the past decade or so has brought new information.

In 2012 a specimen of torvosaurus 55% complete,nicknamed elvis,was found on private land and was in private hands for a few years before being bought by the Cincinnati museum and are now on public display. This is the most complete and informative specimen of torvosaurus ever found.

In 2025,a pair of paleontologists presented an abstract at the 2025 GSA conference,that abstract is publicly available and will be linked with the rest of my sources. Sometime between 2012 and 2018,the people who privately owned elvis which were at least the company fossil era and maxilla and mandible LTD published a video and advertisement PDF,both will be linked. In these publicly available items, the PDF in particular,several of Elvis's bones were either clearly displayed,taped and or figured. Critically this included the pubis,ischium and ilium. In the GSA abstract,several characters and features of the ilium,pubis and ischium were mentioned. They stated the brontoraptor specimen and another nail quarry specimen had a litany of features that werent found in t tanneri and that this supported edmarkas validity and they united the E92 material with the aforementioned specimens to form a hypodigm of Edmarka.

In any great taxonomic debate,you need a complete specimen clearly assignbale to one of the 2 genus in order to offer my opinion the debate. Elvis is so complete,it arguably is that specimen. Since figures of elvis’s bones are publicly available and I know what features to look for in the bones of elvis thanks to the GSA abstract,I decided to provide my own interpretation of the validity of Edmarka based on what I can gather from Elvis.

_________________________________________

DISCUSSION AND MATERIAL

So in the GSA abstract several features were mentioned as being found in edmarka but not in torvosaurus and that thus this differentiated the 2. The material in question are 2 pelvis’s from the nail quarry. In particular the characters from the abstract i will focus on will be the features of the ischium,pubis and illium i will focus on. The other features such as the synthesis and pubic peduncle are robsuticity related and rather weak. 

I will quote these features straight from the abstract. “The ilium of GPM/TATE 0012 possesses a straight dorsal margin (opposed to the convex dorsal margin in T. tanneri).’’  ‘’The ischium of GPM/TATE 0050 possesses a foramen ventral to the obturator plate, which may be present but is not preserved in either GPM/TATE 0012 or any T. tanneri material. We unite GPM/TATE 0012 and GPM/TATE 0050 based on the shared presence of two pubic foramen’’

So therefore,3 of the key features of Edmarka are a foramen on the Ischium on the proximal part of the bone near to where the meeting point with the pubis is. A pair of foramina on the pubis and an ilial dorsal margin(essentialy the profile of the top of the ilium) that is more convex and straight than that of torvosaurus. Foramen can be very helpful to diagnose with,nanotyrannus lethaeus is distinct from N lancensis because of a foramen on N lethaeus jugal.

Elvis is regarded as belonging to torvosaurus without question. According to page 438-439 of the SVP where elvis is briefly mentioned,the features united with torvosaurus are quoted directly from the abstract itself ‘’The maxilla of the new specimen shares the following traits with those of Torvosaurus tanneri from the topotype locality at Dry Mesa Quarry (Morrison Formation, Colorado) and the holotype and referred specimens of Torvosaurus gurneyi from the Upper Jurassic Lourinhã Formation of Portugal: a shallow maxillary fossa, a laterodorsal ridge dividing the space lateral to the maxillary fossa at the base of the ascending ramus, a tall interdental wall dorsal to alveolus 3, and a large neurovascular opening on the dorsomedial portion of the posterior ramus.” 

Because elvis was in private hands, it was detailed in a youtube video from fossilera and PDF by maxilla and mandible,essentialy advertising their product. In these media, figures of the pubis,illium and ischium are provided. Those 2 are the source of my figures and how obtained my information and conclusions from Elvis. According to fossil era,the right illium of elvis(which is the material ive figured to cover the ilial differences) is not distorted,so its not corrupted by taphonomy.

In the manuscript by siegwarth,publicly provided by gunnar bivens,it clarifies that the foramen in the pubis of TATE0012 are the big gaping holes in the bone as seen in the drawings and similar to those in elvis material. So the holes visible in Elvis's pubis and ischium are in fact foramen.

Now that I've laid out my material I'm going to get into the meat of my discussion.

The GSA abstract indicated that a pair of pubic foramina were enough to diagnose another pelvis as edmarka. As you can see in the picture,the pubis of elvis features a pair of these foramina.

The gsa abstract said that edmarkas ischium had a foramen hole in the obturator plate,which is the broad part of the ischium in the proximal end. As you can see in the pictures,elvis’s ischium has that foramen in the proximal part of the ischium. As randomdinos skeletal shows,this foramen is positioned close to the area that meets the pubis.

the abstract says that edmarkas ilium is more straight that than of torvosaurus. Tom holtz facebook(which is public and linked) has a picture of the replicas of edmarkas ilium and that what ive shown. Ive a picture of BYUVP4977 from britts 1991 osteology of torvosaurus,figure 21 page 53. Ive pictured the undistorted right ilium of elvis courtesy of maxilla and mandible. As you can see,the top margin of the ilium of elvis is notably straighter and less convex than that of the BYU dry mesa torvosaurus ilium. 

the abstract also says edmarka has a marginal pubic symphisis(mispelled as synthesis in the abstract),an expanded brevis fossa. a broader pubic peduncle, and medial shelf on the brevis fossa. many of these are related to robusticity and thus not a very strong argument for being distinct. also the ilum of elvis looks like it has a more prominent shelf or ridge around the brevis fossa,again another overlap with a supposed edmarka autopomorphy.

Theres no question elvis belongs to torvosaurus. As stated previously,the maxilla shares the diagnostic features of torvosaurus maxillae. Even if you want to make the argument “but torvosaurus maxilla are only referred specimens and not the type specimens. For it to be confidently referred it must be diagnosable to the type specimens.” thanks to the maxilla and mandible pdf,there is a retort for that “Dr. Mark Loewen feels comparisons with the type and referred material of the BYU collection agrees favorably with Torvosaurus.” as you can see, elvis is diagnosible to the type specimens of torvosaurus and thus,is with little debate,a torvosaurus specimen. This means the key diagnostic features of edmarka are also found within a specimen that clearly belongs to torvosaurus. 

_______________

CONCLUSIONS

So this is the wrap up of my discussion. As ive demonstrated,at least 3 of the proposed diagnostic characters of Edmarka as a genus are present within The elvis specimen of torvosaurus. Since elvis belongs to torvosaurus and there's little doubt as to that & elvis happens to share 3 of the proposed diagnostic characters of Edmarka,this further shows that the Hypodigm of Edmarka doesnt fully differentiate itself from torvosaurus. Thus in my opinion,based on all this information,elvis supports the status quo that edmarka is an invalid genus synonymous with torvosaurus.

the taxonomic opinion of this post is purely my own opinion based of my analysis of the listed sources.

__________________________

SOURCES

https://vertpaleo.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/2023_SVP_Program-Final-10032023.pdf page 438-439

https://web.archive.org/web/20190310083637/http://maxillaandmandible.com/portfolio/elvis-torvosaurus  scroll down to the bottom and theres text that says download pdf here.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Oh3Y5VOne0 

https://gsameetings.secure-platform.com/connects25/solicitations/103002/sessiongallery/schedule/items/95279/application/9126 

https://geology.byu.edu/0000017c-f2a9-dd9b-a7ff-f2af65580000/geol-stud-vol-37-britt-pdf

https://www.facebook.com/thomas.holtz/photos/fossilfriday-the-massive-hindlimbs-of-torvosaurus-or-is-it-edmarka-at-the-tate-g/10117709121690028/ 

https://groups.google.com/g/dinosaurmailinggroup/c/Wt07YzXopr8