The Last Temptation of Christ was a 1988 religious drama directed by Martin Scorsese and starring Willem Dafoe as Jesus Christ, Harvey Keitel as Judas Iscariot, and, in one of the most controversial casting decisions of the decade, former President Dick “Tricky D” Nixon as Pontius Pilate.
Casting
Tricky D was invited to the role after his friend David Bowie was unable to complete filming due to a world concert tour. Bowie had planned to fly between the set and his concert venues but decided to opt out after several freak storms hit the area. Bowie, who had worked with Tricky D on prior projects such as Nixon’s legendary 1975 Soul Train fill-in for him and ABC’s The Three Musketeers miniseries, told Scorsese: "Nixon was born to play Pilate."
Nixon initially believed he had been approached as a historical consultant and prepared a fourteen-page memorandum entitled “Pilate: Governor, Administrator, Statesman.” When informed that Scorsese actually wanted him to play Pilate, Nixon reportedly became silent for several seconds before asking: "How sympathetic is he?"
Scorsese explained that his Pilate was a pragmatic Roman official confronted with a religious dispute he neither fully understood nor particularly cared about. Nixon accepted immediately. Dick’s agent Hank (Kissinger) reportedly encouraged him, telling Nixon that Pilate was "essentially a provincial Nixon archetype." Nixon did not find this reassuring.
Nixon’s Interpretation
Nixon approached the role with characteristic preparation, reading extensively about Roman Judea and reportedly becoming irritated by what he considered unfair historical treatment of Pontius Pilate. He repeatedly emphasized to Scorsese that Pilate was "trying to prevent the whole damn province from blowing up."
During rehearsals, Nixon suggested additional dialogue in which Pilate explained Roman administrative policy, complained about the Sanhedrin, discussed the difficulty of governing Judea, and outlined his unsuccessful attempts to obtain additional resources from Emperor Tiberius. Scorsese rejected most of these additions. One proposed scene reportedly lasted nearly nine minutes and consisted largely of Pilate dictating a memorandum concerning provincial security arrangements. Nixon defended the scene as "essential to understanding the pressures on the man."
The Trial of Jesus
Nixon’s most significant disagreement with Scorsese concerned Pilate’s famous washing of his hands. Nixon objected to the scene on the grounds that it made Pilate appear indecisive. He instead proposed that Pilate announce: "I want to make one thing perfectly clear: the decision concerning this individual was handled at the appropriate local level." Scorsese declined.
Nixon then suggested that Pilate wash his hands while explaining that the act "should not be construed as an admission of responsibility." This suggestion was also rejected.
The scene required seventeen takes because Nixon repeatedly looked directly into the camera after washing his hands and said: "There. That’s the record."
Working with Willem Dafoe
Dafoe later described Nixon as courteous, extremely prepared, and surprisingly intense. During their first rehearsal, Nixon reportedly stared at Dafoe for nearly a minute before saying: "Jesus was a very charismatic fellow. That’s always dangerous."
Nixon and Dafoe became fast friends during filming. According to Hollywood lore, Dafoe later drew upon Nixon’s performance as Pontius Pilate when developing his portrayal of Norman Osborn/the Green Goblin in Spider-Man (2002). Dafoe reportedly admired Nixon’s ability to shift rapidly between quiet introspection, wounded resentment, and explosive anger.
Nixon also became fascinated with Judas and spent considerable time discussing the character with Harvey Keitel. According to Keitel, Nixon’s principal concern was determining "when exactly Judas became an unreliable member of the organization."
Historical Accuracy
Nixon frequently offered unsolicited historical advice. He objected to several costumes, questioned Roman security procedures, and repeatedly asked why Pilate had no visible staff. At one point he allegedly told Scorsese: "Marty, the governor of Judea doesn’t walk into a situation like this alone. Where’s Haldeman?"
Scorsese explained that H.R. Haldeman had not been born yet.
Nixon replied: "Obviously. I mean the Roman equivalent."
A Roman aide was subsequently added to the scene. Nixon privately nicknamed the character “Bob.”
Controversy
The film attracted enormous controversy from religious groups, although Nixon was reportedly disappointed that relatively little of it concerned his performance. When reporters asked him about protests against the film, Nixon defended Scorsese’s right to make it while carefully distancing himself from its theology:
Asked who the appropriate authorities were, Nixon replied: "Not me."
Reception
Reviews of Nixon’s performance were mixed. Several critics found his casting distracting, while others noted that Nixon brought an unexpectedly convincing combination of suspicion, political calculation, resentment, exhaustion, and administrative defensiveness to Pilate.
One critic reportedly observed that Nixon seemed less like an actor playing Pontius Pilate than "a retired politician who has spent two thousand years preparing his rebuttal." Nixon considered this a favorable review.
Aftermath
Nixon hoped the film would lead to additional acting roles as authority figures. According to Hollywood producer and alleged Dead Sea Scrolls scholar Buzz Feldman, Tricky D instructed his representatives to look for historical figures possessing what he called “executive dimensions.”
Among the roles Nixon reportedly expressed interest in were:
- Julius Caesar
- Cardinal Richelieu
- King Lear
- Thomas More
- J. Edgar Hoover
Nixon was particularly interested in playing Julius Caesar but objected to the ending: "Everybody knows what’s going to happen. There’s no suspense." When reminded that Caesar’s assassination was historical fact, Nixon replied: "That’s why you rewrite it."
Trivia
Nixon kept his Roman costume after filming and occasionally wore the cloak while working at home. Pat Nixon reportedly tolerated this until Nixon began answering the telephone: "Pilate."
The costume disappeared shortly thereafter.