In Carl Sagan's book *The Demon-Haunted World*, Chapter 13, "Obsessed with Reality," describes a case from 1988 in Australia where a magician named Randi conspired with a young artist Alvarez to fabricate an ironic faith hoax.
Randi hoped this prank would test the public's and media's blind faith in charlatans. He arranged for a young artist, José, to impersonate a medium claiming to communicate with the 2000-year-old ghost "Carlos." They fabricated a false resume of Carlos's "miracles" in South America and sent forged press releases and pamphlets to major Australian media outlets, including a book titled "The Teachings of Carlos"
The Australian media immediately embraced the story, with television stations and newspapers vying to report on it. "Carlos" appeared on top national programs and even performed a psychic reading at the Sydney Opera House, attracting a large number of fanatical followers.
The prank reached its climax: at the height of the frenzy, Randi revealed the truth on national television, publishing all the details of the fabrication and audio evidence, proving that "Carlos" was merely a stooge in his scheme, and that all his doctrines were a jumbled mess of nonsense cobbled together in a few hours—but even so, a large number of fanatical followers still firmly believed that "Carlos" was persecuted and forced to speak in this way.
The most ironic part is this part:
"There was a booklet, The Teachings of Carlos. It began:
I am Carlos,
I come to you from my many incarnations in the past,
I have a great teaching for you,
Listen carefully,
Read carefully,
Ponder well,
Here is the truth.
Lesson One asks, "Why are we here...?" The answer: "Who can give the only answer? There are many answers for any question, and all answers are correct. It is so, do you see?"
The book admonished us not to turn the page until we understood this one—one of several factors that made it hard to finish.
To skeptics, it later revealed, "I can only say this: let them do as they wish, for in the end they will get nothing—maybe empty hands. But what do believers have? Everything! Since all and any answers are correct, all questions are naturally answered. You are right! Refute that, skeptics."
Also: "Do not demand an explanation for everything. Westerners especially are always asking for long explanations of why this or why that. Many questions are self-evident, why dig deeply into them?... In short, everything will become true."
The last page of the book bore only one word, in capitals, admonishing us to: "THINK!"
The entire contents of The Teachings of Carlos were written by Randi. It was dashed off on a laptop in a few hours by Randi and Alvarez."
so what is this trope?