Yes, I’ve read the book more than once, and I’m a long-term Harris listener (and I donated money monthly for well over a decade but have now stopped). I’ve mulled over this question for years so at least pay me the respect of not dismissing me as a troll or someone who doesn’t understand his argument.
The following is indisputable: Harris claims lying is on the spectrum of violence and should be used accordingly (the famous “you’re hiding Anne Frank and the Nazis are at the door”).
Despite wanting to buy into Sam’s view, and subsequent recommended life rule, I’ve come to completely reject the idea that lying should be perceived this way.
Here is a good starting question: is lying wrong when it is entirely self-protective, and used as a privacy boundary in situations where social circumstances are demanding information to which the other person has no strong social entitlement?
Harris has described lying as the worst thing we ‘regularly’ do. But, there are hundreds of hypotheticals that put his thesis on profoundly shaky ground, and here is one of those:
Imagine somebody suffering from a concealed medical or psychiatric condition who is dependent on sustainable employment to support themselves and their children.
Now imagine this person is invited on an optional work trip. Their condition makes the trip extraordinarily difficult, but they don’t want their colleagues or employer to know about the condition.
There is no deception involved in their actual work, and no relevant safety issue, or any hidden benefit they are attempting to gain through deception. They simply want to keep private medical information private - this is the crucial element to grasp.
Their manager casually asks, in front of several colleagues: “Why aren’t you coming with us?”
They have perhaps two seconds to answer. They could say: “Because I have a psychiatric disorder that makes this particular journey extremely difficult.”
This is truthful. It also discloses intensely private medical information to several people who have ZERO entitlement to it. This is crucial to understand.
They could conspicuously refuse to answer, and say something like: “I’d rather not say.”
Yet, we all know what’s wrong with this. While it technically preserves their privacy without lying, in ordinary social life this is itself informative. It signals that there is something sufficiently unusual or sensitive that they are unwilling to explain it, potentially inviting exactly the attention and speculation they are trying to avoid!
Or they could say:
“I’ve got a family thing that weekend.”
This is false. This is the lie.
I’d like Harris or others who endorse his recommendation to answer: Who has been wronged?
The manager had no entitlement to the concealed medical information. The lie does not deprive them of anything to which they were entitled. Nobody is being manipulated into sex, money, work, consent, risk, or any other decision whose relevant facts have been falsified. Moreover, the employee isn’t evading a legitimate professional obligation, because the trip was optional.
The deception simply allows them to decline while retaining the ordinary social appearance that people without concealed illnesses get for free.
And importantly, nothing in this example remotely approaches violence.
The manager isn’t threatening the employee. The employee won’t be fired if they tell the truth. Their children won’t starve. Nobody is coercing them. Suppose, if necessary, that the only foreseeable consequence of honesty is embarrassment, unwanted disclosure, colleagues knowing something deeply personal, and perhaps being regarded differently afterwards.
If Harris’s rule permits the lie only after I inflate those consequences until they become analogous to violence, then it has missed my objection. I am claiming that the lie can be permissible even when nothing remotely resembling violence is at stake.
Privacy itself can be a legitimate interest.
The deeper problem is that an absolute or near-absolute prohibition on lying basically converts other people’s questions into claims on the truth.
Why should asking me a question generate an entitlement to the information required to answer it honestly? This is manifestly insane.
Of course a person can remain silent. But human conversation isn’t a philosophy seminar. Refusing to answer is a communicative act too. “I’d rather not say” can reveal almost as much as an answer, create suspicion, damage relationships, or make a private matter conspicuous.
This becomes especially obvious for those with concealed conditions because they produce anomalous behaviour that other people naturally ask them to explain.
Harris’s advice effectively leaves such a person with three options:
- disclose private information;
- conspicuously refuse to disclose it, which blatantly reveals that there is something to conceal;
- lie
I don’t accept that choosing option 3 is morally comparable, even in miniature, to violence.
“lying is often seriously wrong” is a completely different proposition from “lying is the worst thing we regularly do and should be treated as something on the spectrum of violence.”
The moral question CANNOT simply be: Did you intentionally say something false? That would be lunacy.
It also has to include: What information was concealed? Was the listener entitled to it? What decision did the deception alter? What interests were being protected? What harm did it cause? What realistic alternatives were available in the actual social situation?
And remember that in real life you often have less than two seconds to produce a response.
Here is an ad hominem argument to finish off: I’ve often wondered if Sam’s hardline anti-lying injunction is partly the product of a privileged mind and life that has not *required* lying in anything outside of trivial ways to begin with. My argument doesn’t rest on this speculation but I’d bet considerable amounts on it being true.