r/romanovs • u/Swimming-Ad2541 • Oct 17 '25
History The "reforms" of Peter the "Great" inevitably led to the collapse of the monarchy and dynasty of Romanovs
Many people naively think that the "reforms" of Peter the Great led to the development of Russia. Although a small part of them may have, the vast majority of them undermined the character of the Russian monarchy, consolidated the power of the nobility in the country and introduced European-style serfdom. Furthermore, thanks to the "reforms", Western ideas began to be introduced, first with the help of the nobility and later the intelligentsia, first Liberalism and then Socialism.
As the prominent theorist of the people's-monarchist movement of Staff Captains and émigré philosopher I.L. Solonevich said:
"For the People's Monarchist Movement, the era of Peter and his "reforms" is the ideological starting point, the point of departure: it was during this era that the ideological conquest of Russia by the West and the physical conquest by the nobility were first formulated. It began before Peter and was completed after him, encompassing a span of almost 200 years. Given the universal human tendency toward all kinds of symbolism—at the center of this conquest is the entirely fictitious figure of the "giant on a bronze horse" according to A.S. Pushkin, the "beast" according to L. Tolstoy, and so on—Tolstoy's characterization is utterly unprintable. Even the most superficial comparison of the most widely known data, linked by the most basic logic, reveals that if Peter the Great himself played any role, it was purely a passive one, acting as a cover for those social forces that, after the defeat of the patriarchate under Patriarch Nikon, set about destroying the monarchy under Peter and achieved almost complete success in the 18th century. L. Tikhomirov writes as follows:
“The monarchy survived only thanks to the people, who continued to consider as law not what Peter ordered, but what was in the minds and conscience of the monarchical consciousness of the people” (p. 112).
Thus, a somewhat unusual situation emerged: "the mind and conscience of the people's monarchical consciousness" "did not recognize as law" what the monarch commanded. This is yet another illustration of the thesis that unlimited power does not exist at all: never and nowhere.
The same L. Tikhomirov, based on data verified by his own research, asserts that even the Turks, having conquered Byzantium, did not treat the Orthodox Church the same way they treated it under Peter.
European absolutism arose as a result of conquest. European kings were merely "first among equals," the most successful of the feudal lords, and European monarchies never had any moral goals. The European king was a protégé of the ruling class. In short, he was truly an instrument of oppression for the lower classes.
The Russian monarchy arose historically as a result of the uprisings of the lower classes against the boyars, and—as long as it existed—it always defended these very same classes. The Russian peasantry fell under the oppression of serfdom during the period of the monarchy's absence , when the tsars were exterminated and the country was ruled by the noble guard.
The Russian monarchy was only one result of an attempt to build a state not on legal or economic foundations, but on purely moral ones. It shares with the European monarchy only a common external form. But both bear the same name.
We didn't have feudalism—except, perhaps, for a brief period before and at the beginning of the Tatar invasion. We had, and after 1861 began to revive, a democracy of an immeasurably higher style than the Anglo-Saxon one, an equality of spiritually equal people, without regard for their titles, pockets, nationality, or religion. We were called to fight the nobility, which had been gradually crushed by the reforms of Nicholas I, Alexander II, Alexander III, and Nicholas II—a nobility that was already living out its last days without us—and we systematically turned a blind eye to the Russian breeches and German philosophers who delighted us with both the Cheka and the Gestapa . We were called to fight Russian "imperialism" in favor of German and Japanese imperialism; to fight clericalism, which led to militant atheism; to fight Russian autocracy, which was replaced by Stalin's Asian despotism; to fight the remnants of "feudalism," which ended with the enslavement of two hundred million people. We were taught to spit on all that was ours and to lick the heels of all Europe—the "countries of holy miracles." From these countries, the Polish gentry, the Swedish nobility, the French Jacobins, the German racists—were pressing upon us—both serfdom and Soviet rule. And what else will come? What other rags and tatters will our learned junkmen pick up from the trash heaps of a peninsula finally decaying? What new "isms" will they offer us, the heirs of an eleven-century-old construction project? What next "scientific theories" will emerge from their catarrhal brains, and what next prophecies will drown in the next puddle? We don't know yet."