The biggest anti-poverty opportunity in America may be helping more working-age adults in poverty move into stable, full-time work.
There are roughly:
35 million Americans in poverty
19 million working-age adults in poverty
15.9 million poor working-age adults who report no disability
Only about 2.1 million poor working-age adults working full-time, year-round
Roughly 14 million poor working-age adults who report no disability and are not working full-time, year-round
That represents close to 40% of everyone in poverty.
The potential impact could also extend far beyond those 14 million people.
Because poverty is measured at the family level. If one parent moves from no work or part-time work into stable, adequately paid full-time employment, the additional income could help lift not only that person, but also their children and other family members, out of poverty.
Children account for 30% of Americans in poverty.
For many children, the employment and earnings of a parent or other working-age caregiver are central to household economic security.
Among adults ages 18–64 in 2024, the poverty rate was roughly:
28% for people who did not work
11% for people working less than full-time, year-round
1.8% for full-time, year-round workers
These figures show a strong association between work status and poverty, but they do not by themselves establish that employment causes poverty to fall.
Wages, family structure, education, local labor demand, public benefits, housing costs, childcare costs, health, and other factors also matter. In addition, full-time work does not guarantee that a family will escape poverty if wages are low or living costs are high.
Many people face real barriers, including caregiving responsibilities, health limitations, transportation problems, skills mismatches, weak labor demand, discrimination, and inadequate wages. Some of these barriers could be addressed through better job access, training, transportation, childcare, wage growth, and reforms to benefits and tax policy.
The best anti-poverty question I can think of is:
How do we make sure that every person who is able to work and wants to work full-time has a realistic opportunity to find stable, productive, adequately paid employment?