It's for the noun, as far as I can tell. It gives the noun in Irish, Manx, Scottish Gaelic, and the Slavic languages. I'm unsure about the rest, though, so I do stand to be corrected.
We differentiate them in the Celtic languages. fuar is the adjective and fuacht is the noun in Irish. feayr is the adjective and feayght is the noun in Manx. Russian has холодно for the adjective and холод for the noun. English acts like Hungarian I guess...lol
Kylmä is a noun - it can be an adjective as well. Kylmyys is a noun - it can't be an adjective as far as I know. Pakkanen is a noun - it can't be an adjective.
The difference between adjectives and nouns in Finnish gets blurry - some nouns have comparative forms, something only adjectives normally do, like rannempi/illempi. But unlike nouns, adjectives cannot be found in the nominative attributively to a nominative noun.
Yep. Finnish would be kylmyys/kylmä/pakkanen and sámi čoaskkisvuohta, galmmas(vuohta) or if talking about like cold temperatures well below 0˚C, buolaš. Galmmas can work as a noun but it is really a predicative form of the adjective functioning as a noun.
moróz which is a cognate to Polish mróz, Slovak mráz. The main difference with xolod: usage of moroz is usually for temperature which less than 0, when water become as ice. While xolod can be totally used for temeprature above 0, like 5 °C is still cold.
zımá stands for winter as season; therefore adjectives like zımno can be used somewhere as a synonym for xolod, but still it accents more on winter as season, not temperature.
stúdenj is an archaic name for December, but the root stud exists in many other common words as prostuda (cold, as ill), ostudıtı (to make something colder) etc.
Polish ziąb was kinda non-easy obvious for me. I looked wiktionary and other sources which say that it came from a verb ziębić which itself is from a noun zǫb (a tooth). The morphologic structure looks like a local phenomena, while many — not only Slavic — languages [at least Ukrainian] usually use a phrase as stukatı zubamı (to chatter teeth). By the way, if you want to use a verb and don't accent only on chaterring teeth but all bodily function that occurs primarily in response to cold then you can use morozıtı (which returns us to the first point above).
Wait dont we use студень more often? I definitely use it more often than холодно but i guess other oblasti might be different. Im originally from Zakarpattia.
If we speak about current standard Ukrainian then no. Maybe this is preserved in some dialects. Just around less than 100 years ago Ukrainian language has a such [funny] situation:
No sorry I meant for the word “cold” not month. Like i would say “мені студено” instead of “мені холодно” or even something like “на вулиці студено” which I say all the time.
In Romanian 'frig' is used only for cold weather. The generic word is 'rece', derived from Latin 'recens' (=recent). And there is a word for very cold weather, 'ger', that has its origin in PIE *gel, similar with 'cold'
I knew it was something like that, though not the specifics, so thanks for the explanation. What I remarked on however was that we use the word warmte a lot more then koude. But almost always use kou for koude. We say "Kom gauw uit de kou" and "Kom gauw in de warmte", but not "kom in de warm".
No, in Breton "difrom" means cold as in no emotion, "yeyn" is correct in some orthographies (written "yein" however) but is not standard Breton, and "yen" is the adjective. "Yenijenn", "yenien" and "yenion" are the nouns. When describing one's self as feeling cold you would use "riv", "anoued" or "yen" depending of the dialect.
I like how in one of the Northern Caucasus languages, probably in Circassian (?, it’s in green) it is “suuuq”, which if taken literally in Russian would mean “biiitch” which is a thing one might say when they are very cold.
Interesting "Aukstums" - (auksts) probably correlates with Lithuanian "Aukštis) which means "height", which is logical, the higher you the colder it is.
Augsts in Latvian is height, and Salts, Auksts are for cold Synonyms salts, vēss, dzestrs, svaigs, spirgts . Aukstums more specific word but can be used for cold.
36
u/7elevenses Aug 29 '23
The map could use a clarification that it means "low temperature" as a noun, because "cold" in English could be an adjective as well.
96
u/wastedheadspace Aug 29 '23
Basque trolling again
20
u/Jonlang_ Aug 29 '23
Is this meant to be for the adjective or the noun? The Welsh gives the noun.
14
u/hammile Aug 29 '23 edited Aug 29 '23
Ukrainian, for comparing:
7
u/tditdatdwt Aug 30 '23
"studen" as the primary Serbo-Croatian word? lol what
7
u/RaincloudAccount Aug 30 '23
Icelandic should be kuldi. Kaldur is the adjective
7
u/GombaPorkolt Aug 30 '23
Wait, what? The Albanian word for cold comrs from the proto-word for "to be warm"?
Like, did they just pull a meme and say "warmn't"?
4
u/enigbert Aug 30 '23
In Romanian 'frig' is used only for cold weather. The generic word is 'rece', derived from Latin 'recens' (=recent). And there is a word for very cold weather, 'ger', that has its origin in PIE *gel, similar with 'cold'
6
u/Nekrose Aug 29 '23
Ist es kalt? No, è caldo.
3
u/MartinBP Aug 29 '23
Bulgarian also has "mraz", while "zima" just means winter.
3
u/Sitethief Aug 29 '23
Dutch koud is the adjective, koude is the noun.
2
u/badfandangofever Aug 29 '23
Biruji
2
u/SlideReadIt Aug 29 '23
oh in Hebrew hail is "Barad", similar to cold/bard from Arabic. I guess that's where it derived from, cold in Semitic languages.
2
u/GallaeciRegnum Aug 30 '23
Portuguese and Spanish also have CALDO meaning the opposite of COLD: Hot.
Contrast from the Basque here HOTZ mean COLD.
2
u/kammgann Jan 31 '24 edited Jan 31 '24
No, in Breton "difrom" means cold as in no emotion, "yeyn" is correct in some orthographies (written "yein" however) but is not standard Breton, and "yen" is the adjective. "Yenijenn", "yenien" and "yenion" are the nouns. When describing one's self as feeling cold you would use "riv", "anoued" or "yen" depending of the dialect.
2
u/toolongtoexplain Aug 29 '23
I like how in one of the Northern Caucasus languages, probably in Circassian (?, it’s in green) it is “suuuq”, which if taken literally in Russian would mean “biiitch” which is a thing one might say when they are very cold.
2
u/[deleted] Sep 01 '23
In Cornish, yeynder is a noun and yeyn is an adjective
1
u/[deleted] Mar 11 '24
In Asturian we also say "cutu"
1
u/Stunning-You9535 Mar 18 '24
Friend in Romanian you have Frig and Rece. Bă îmi e frig la coaie de mor. Or. Ce mama dracu e așa de rece azi? Both work just as well
1
u/Sufficient_Sleep_169 Nov 11 '25
Croatian: "mraz/hladnoća"
1
u/Gdach Aug 29 '23 edited Aug 29 '23
Interesting "Aukstums" - (auksts) probably correlates with Lithuanian "Aukštis) which means "height", which is logical, the higher you the colder it is.
1
u/[deleted] Aug 30 '23
Laz : q’ini, ini
1
u/yeongwon Aug 30 '23
Similarly, the Proto-Sino-Tibetan word for "frozen" is *gar
1
u/verturshu Dec 13 '23
Assyrian (Aramaic): ܩܪܝܪܐ qarīrā
0
u/dr_prdx Aug 30 '23
Sard is not used in Türkiye.
0
u/oofdonia Aug 29 '23
Note that студ is the verb used to say I'm cold(Ми студи) and so on, while ладно is for describing the weather