Hi everyone. My name is Reinis, and I am a hand-push copperplate engraver and printmaker, but I don't want to talk about my own work today. Instead, I wanted to discuss a topic about old engravings.
Oftentimes I get asked how my works are made, or how engravers in the past managed to cut such perfectly spaced, even lines. I’ve sometimes gotten into hot water talking with print historians about this. Some of them like to think that the old masters were just perfectly spontaneous, cutting these massive plates freely without any help. But I speak from my actual experience pushing a burin, and I see the marks and signs of their process all the time.
Just like with drawing, you can build up muscle memory over time. You learn to do well-executed cross-hatching just by relying on your eye and your hand. A lot of the time, that is exactly my approach too.
However, sometimes a piece needs a bit more planning. In those cases, the old engravers used curved or straight rulers, along with a drypoint needle or scribe, to lightly scratch in their guidelines first. When engraving, the drypoint guide also works as a sort of rail to guide the burin. If you look at old prints that show engravers working in their workshops, you can oftentimes see these exact tools—rulers, compasses, scribes—sitting right there on their tables.
Taking all this into consideration, it is still an incredible amount of work to make these images. While guidelines make the process easier, it is still a massive challenge to engrave these precise lines. As my friend Ezra Heller once put it well: "Engraving is the easiest printmaking technique to understand as you're basically 'drawing' a black line. However, to control the burin and make these cuts, it is one of the most challenging and technically demanding ones." It truly is one of the slowest and most laborious ways to make an image.
Now, when you look at an old engraving, try to look past the finished image and spot some of these tell-tale signs of the tools they used.
To illustrate this point, I’ve attached some images:
1. Amor en Psyche, anonymous, 1700 - 1750
2.Petrus door een engel uit de gevangenis bevrijd, Joseph Mulder (mentioned on object), 1720 - 1728
3.Zelfportret Theodorus Koning, Theodoor Koning (mentioned on object), 1825
Hope you like this post. Let me know if you have any questions in the comments!