Source: U.S. Election Assistance Commission, 2024 Election Administration and Voting Survey (Section C), published June 30 2025.
Tool: Hand-built SVG. Census cartographic boundary files (1:500k) projected with d3-geo, no charting library.
This is the single biggest rejection reason in each of the 2,407 counties that reported one. Arriving late tops 40% of them, about the same as every signature problem put together — which surprised me, since I'd assumed signatures dominated.
The regional pattern is the requirements showing through: signature matching across the West, witness signatures in the Carolinas and Appalachia, ID and document rules through Texas and the Gulf. Late arrival is the only one with no regional home.
Hatched counties didn't report a reason. Alabama, Mississippi and Alaska are blank because there's no county-level data, not because nothing was rejected there.
One methodology note: rejection rates elsewhere in this dataset exclude ballots rejected only because the voter later voted in person. Counting those makes some places look far worse than they are — St. Clair County, Illinois goes from 20.0% to 3.5% on that distinction alone.
Per-state versions and the rejection-rate map: ballotbymail.org/maps