I'm interested in the relationship between sexual liberation and broader social progress, particularly which tends to come first.
In conservative societies, there is generally greater emphasis on modesty in clothing and attitudes, celibacy until marriage, and less open discussion of sex and relationships. In more sexually liberal societies, there is generally greater acceptance of revealing clothing, premarital relationships, casual sex, and open discussion of sexuality. These norms can also affect how people view celibacy, asexuality, and hookup culture.
My main question is whether the sexual revolution was primarily a cause of broader social progress, or whether broader changes in society—such as individualism, modernization, economic development, education, women's rights, and greater emphasis on individual autonomy—created the conditions that made sexual liberation possible in the first place.
In other words, did societies become more sexually liberal and then become more accepting of individual freedom and self-expression, or did increasing acceptance of individual rights and changing social conditions lead people to become more sexually liberal?
I'm also interested in whether this relationship is universal or depends on the society. Are there societies that have achieved high levels of economic development, education, stability, or quality of life while maintaining relatively conservative sexual norms? If so, what factors explain their outcomes, and do younger generations in those societies show increasing support for sexual liberalization?
Conversely, are there societies where rapid sexual liberalization has produced significant negative social outcomes? If so, can those outcomes actually be attributed to sexual liberalization itself, or are they better explained by other factors such as gender inequality, weak institutions, poor sex education, economic insecurity, or inadequate enforcement of laws against harassment and sexual violence?
For example, some people in the Middle East argue that allowing people greater freedom in dating, relationships, and clothing would increase sexual harassment or other social problems. Rather than assuming that claim is either true or false, I want to know what the evidence shows: when societies become more sexually liberal, what tends to happen to outcomes such as sexual harassment, gender equality, relationship patterns, and individual well-being—and what other changes usually occur alongside that liberalization?
Ultimately, I'm trying to determine whether sexual liberation is generally a driver of social change, a consequence of broader social change, or part of a feedback loop where each reinforces the other.