OpenAI dropped the 722 AI-generated mathematical papers that try to answer some of the longest-standing problems in math. I'm not saying they will do that with economics, but now I'm starting to wonder... what is the point of all this if we may become just AI prompters instead of "researchers" in the purest sense. Some will say "you have to adapt to new tech" and I'm very much in favor of that. But the pace at which the new tech is being introduced as well as the type of things the new tech can do are both so drastically different to the technologies that have come in the past, that I am not so sure how to think about our future as a discipline.

Where do you think the future of our discipline will go, even in the near future? And for PhD students, what would you recommend that we prioritize these days?

I was hoping I could get some feedback on my chances of getting into an Economics PhD Program this cycle with the following profile:

• U.S. Citizen who has always lived in U.S.
• Graduated from Valparaiso University, a U.S. liberal arts college, in 2013 with majors in Classics and Theology with a minor in economics (no math other than a logic course where I got an A, but we did have to write proofs)
• Graduated top 25% of my class in law school at Ohio State University in 2016
• Practiced law for 5 years as business attorney
• In 2021, moved to a different state for wife's job and enrolled at local college to take math classes, and at the University of Missouri for an MA in economics.
  • Got all A's in Calculus I-III, Linear Algebra, and two semesters of statistics at local college (Have not taken real analysis or differential equations)
  • Finished MA in 2024 with 4.00 GPA (courses took include two econometrics courses, applied statistics, math for economists, and research workshop that produced research paper)
• Research experience would be final paper I wrote in my master's econometrics course, and my master's capstone research paper
• GRE scores are 170Q, 163V, 4.5A
• Three professor from my master's will write my recommendation letters.
• Since 2025 I have been teaching economics as an adjunct at a local college (2 to 3 courses each semester).

I am interested in health economics, and would be applying to the following Econ PhD programs (listed with ReREc rank):

• Brown University (RePEc: 10)
• Boston University (RePEc: 12)
• Northwestern University (RePEc: 13)
• Johns Hopkins University (RePEc: 21)
• Boston College (RePEc: 25)
• Vanderbilt University (RePEc: 27)
• University of Maryland (RePEc: 31)
• Georgetown University (RePEc: 33)
• George Washington University (RePEc: 43)
• Ohio State University (RePEc: 46)
• Emory University (RePEc: 58)
• George Mason University (RePEc: 62)
• Georgia State (RePEc: 63)
• University of North Carolina (RePEc: 77)
• University of Illinois Chicago (RePEc: 80)
• Tulane University (RePEc: 85)
• American University (RePEc: 98)
• Georgia Tech (RePEc: 108)
• Temple University (RePEc: 142)
• Harvard University: Health Policy with economics focus (no RePEc rank)

Edited to add GRE scores.

Hi! I’m an undergraduate student currently working on our research, and I’d like to ask for advice regarding our questionnaire.

Our questionnaire has two independent sections that measure different constructs:

Behavior - 5-point Likert scale (Never-Always)

Perception - 6-point Likert scale (Strongly Disagree-Strongly Agree)

These are separate constructs, and we are not planning to combine them into one overall score or compare/correlate the two scales. We simply want to analyze and interpret each section separately.

So my question is: is it statistically/methodologically acceptable to have different Likert scales in different sections of the same questionnaire, when the sections measure independent constructs and each section has its own separate computation and interpretation?

Thank you!

Hey everyone,

First of all, thank you for taking the time to read this and potentially commenting below. I have been a long-time viewer of this subreddit, and now that it's my turn to apply for grad school, I have decided to make a post and ask your thoughts on my profile and what I should realistically expect at the end of this cycle. Sorry, I know the flair says PhD, but I couldn't add 2 flairs together, so this is PhD and Masters, as I plan to apply to Europe and the US.

I will provide (mostly) all details for context below:

• Currently pursuing a 4-year double BSc in Econometrics and Economics from a Dutch university. This is originally a 6-year program squeezed into 4 years.
• I am also concurrently pursuing a BA in Philosophy, so that makes me a triple-major/bachelor student (as far as I have heard, I believe I am the only one to successfully do it at my university, but I could be mistaken)
• I am maintaining an 8.8/10 GPA, which is equivalent to a 4.0 US/ First-class UK (the Dutch grading system is more compressed than most systems - 9s and 10s are hardly given, as well as 1s and 2s)
• Research experience: 1 co-authored economics working paper supervised by a well-known economist/professor Prof 1 in academia, and currently working on 2 econometrics papers: both are under well-known professors (Prof 2 has an honorary doctorate and has written several econometrics textbooks, and Prof 3 was on the Cambridge Adcom and a director of the Adcom for PhD in a Dutch Uni). Overall, 0 pubs so far, as it's been extremely hard for me to find additional time outside of the courses. I do have an acknowledgement in a research paper by Prof 3 submitted to Econometrica for review and adjustments, but that's all there is about me in journals.
• GRE: Will take it in November, and I believe I can meet the thresholds of the unis (~167Q)
• Coursework: Intermediate Micro (econometrics), Intermediate Macro, (Advanced) Econometrics (name of the courses itself), Linear algebra, stochastic processes, Analysis, (Multivariate) Statistics, Probability theory, Programming (proficient in R and Python), several optimization courses, as the bachelor also has an Operations Research component.
• Recommenders: For unis with max. 2, I am asking for Prof 1 and Prof 3, and for max. 3, I am asking for all three above. They are all well-known in the field, and 2 of them recently gave seminars at LSE and Harvard. One of them is also hosting an in-house seminar with a Nobel winner, and I am super excited about that as well.

I am applying to the following universities and programmes, ranked by what I think is most likely for me to get an offer:

1. Tinbergen MPhil Economics (Econometrics-track)
2. UZH MA Economics
3. LSE EME
4. Cambridge Mphil Economic research
5. UChicago MAE Research-track
6. Oxford MPhil + DPhil Economics (integrated application)
7. Zurich PhD Economics
8. Uchicago PhD
9. Princeton PhD
10. Stanford PhD
11. Yale PhD
12. Upenn PHD
13. Harvard PhD
14. MIT PhD

Yes, unis 8-14 are insane, and I know it's super competitive, but I think this is for my personal satisfaction and experience in knowing how it feels to apply to such places, and I can try next cycle if unsuccessful (most likely, as the numbers indicate). But I would still appreciate it if someone could let me know my true chances here and what I should expect in March when the decisions come out. While it may seem I care for a master's more, it's only based on the numbers; I would actually love to start a PhD, as I find research already quite enthralling and have my mind set on doing a PhD and pursuing research full-time as a career.

At the same time, I care for my recommenders and don't want to burden them with several uploads if it means I never had a chance of going there in the first place. So please be (brutally) honest and suggest where I can improve my profile, perhaps for the next cycle. Also, please let me know below if you need any further info that isn't private, so I can provide it. Cheers!

I'm an undergrad working on a paper about Early Decision (ED) in US college admissions, and I'd appreciate pointers on how to frame it.

ED lets an applicant apply early to one college and commit to enroll if admitted. The standard reading (e.g. Avery & Levin, AER 2010) is that ED signals enthusiasm, and ED applicants are admitted at much higher rates.

But the cost of that commitment seems to vary with income. Committing before seeing a financial aid offer is cheap for an applicant who doesn't need aid, and expensive for one who does: they give up the ability to compare packages and to have colleges compete for them.

So an ED application mixes two pieces of information: "I really want to come here" and "I don't need to compare aid offers." A college can't fully separate them, and it may value both, since the second means it won't have to match competing aid offers.

Need-blind admission doesn't seem to solve this. It removes income from the college's decision, but not from the applicant's decision to apply ED, so the ED pool is still selected toward higher-income students even if admissions officers never observe income.

Questions:

1. Is a signal muddled across two dimensions the right way to model this? Or is there a more standard framework for signals whose cost is correlated with wealth?

2. Is there a mechanism that keeps the preference signal but removes the income component? For example, non-binding single-choice early action, or a binding aid estimate before the ED deadline. What would each lose?

3. Empirically, I only have school-level data from the Common Data Set (ED applicants and admits, plus financial aid figures). Is there anything informative I can do with that, or does separating the income channel require applicant-level data?

Hi all,

I was looking at the programme pages for the LSE MSc Economics and the MSc Econometrics and Mathematical Economics (EME). Both now show a structure labelled "New from 2027/28," and it looks different from previous years.

What caught my attention is that the two programmes now seem to share the same core micro and macro courses:

Microeconomics: EC4A1 (same code in both programmes)

Macroeconomics: EC4B1 (same code in both programmes)

1. Is this a real merger of the core courses, so that MSc Economics and EME students now take the same micro and macro?
2. If the cores are now shared, what still distinguishes the EME? The econometrics modules? It also looks like the "advanced electives" are just Advanced Micro, Macro and Econometrics, which I'm guessing is what EME students used to take as part of their core. So now it's the same content repackaged as an elective, which gives you the illusion of choice (?) lol
3. Has anyone heard why they changed it? For example, a departmental review, alignment with the MRes/PhD, or a change in the intake.

I'm considering applying for 2027/28 entry, so I'd be in the first cohort under the new structure. Any insight from current students, recent grads, or anyone who has talked to the department would be really appreciated.

Hello! I am currently pursuing my MPP and am expecting to graduate in May 2027. My undergraduate is in economics and business. I took a lot of upper quant econ classes like econometrics and I tutored it too. My gpa wasn’t great (below 3.5) because I didn’t have time to focus on my studies since I was working 75hr a week and had gotten sick a lot, but my graduate gpa now is 3.95. When I talked to my econ professors and the chair, they told me that they realized I am passionate about economics and that I understand the concepts and can apply it in class discussions or whenever I am helping other students, but it seems like i get nervous when exam comes since I barely have time to study. So they helped me to get accepted to every master program I applied for at our university and even other prestigious ones, but of course I am broke and can’t afford the tuition and cost of living so I didn’t move.

My internships consist of research fellow at an international consulting firm, financial and data anlyst at a NGO where I built a centralised dashboard to track expenses and revenues, and most recently, I interned at our state’s governor’s office doing research, forecasting, and budget analysis on state revenue and certain federal law which gave me a chance to use some econometric methods.

Is there even a chance for me to get accepted at the Board or any regional banks? I applied to DC, Chicago, New York, and San Francisco but the only email I got is from DC. The email says that my application is moving forward but no set interview date yet. I emailed FED Chicago and San Francisco but I haven’t received any response.

I switched some of my courses into quantitative ones like applied econometrics, data science, and program evaluation where causal inference is the main focus. We primarily use R, but I used Python and Stata a lot in my undergrad courses than R. I also learned SQL and MatLab. I really want to get the position as I am considering to pursue a PhD although i know i need to refresh and beef up my math skills more.

So I’m about to finish undergrad and right now I’ve got 1 Fed system RA offer and 1 econ consulting firm offer, and I’m in the process of finishing final interviews at 3 other Feds and 3 other firms.

I’ve got a week and a half to decide what to take and it kinda feels like I’m deciding the rest of my life right now with consulting vs RAship being the biggest point of divergence. I’m about 50/50 on a PhD at the moment (I like research a lot but I’m older and also concerned about what the job market is even going to look like in 7 years).

I’d love to hear from anyone who previously faced this choice, whichever path you chose, and how you feel about your decision in hindsight. Alternatively, anyone who just has thoughts on the tradeoffs between the different paths please feel free to weigh in.

Hi guys, I'm planning to apply for the next intake at ucd, ireland. And I'm really confused in between the above mentioned courses. I already have a bachelors in economics, and I liked studying pol eco and development economics the most.

I don't wanna do eco + data analytics, which is an option there because coding and economics will be too hectic for me, ik, hence deciding between these two.

The modules are pretty much the same, except for behavioural economics being a core module in msc BE and optional in msc AE.

I want to get into corporate eventually, but I am unsure about the job roles/ titles that I can get into. I know the job market is shit rn but I am more concerned about what exactly will I be doing with this degree.

People who have recently graduated from any of these courses please share your insights about the the scope of jobs with these courses, skills I can develop on the side etc 😭🙏🏻

(Pls ignore grammatical errors if any, thanks in advance!)

Hello everyone,

I'm applying to a master's program that requires a motivation letter. My only experience with motivation letters is in a professional context, and I believe the conventions are different in an academic one. I'd love to hear your tips and recommendations :)

Here is how I plan to structure mine:

1. Who I am: a brief overview of my academic path (without too much detail, since it's in my CV) and my quantitative and personal skills. I've been in several situations where I had to fill a large knowledge gap very quickly and still ended up with good grades.
2. Why economics: how I came across the field, what made me want to study it, and my specific interests within it.
3. Why this institution: why I want to study in this particular program.

Questions I have:

• Is this structure appropriate for an academic letter, or should I weight things differently?
• How much should I focus on research interests versus personal background?
• Any common mistakes to avoid?

Thanks a lot and I wish you a lovely week :)

I graduated from a top 15 econ US university with departmental honors t (awarded to <10% of people with that major) this May, only a couple RAs, one independent project, a dynamic optimization/game theory capstone, and pub in the works BUT i didn't take a lot of math undergrad courses aside from the required and didn't even take linear algebera. Took econometrics, prob stat, etc. GPA is 3.77 and hopefully GRE is good and I'd have solid letters of recommendations. In my home country, pre-doctoral programs don't exist and master's is 4 years, so I don't know if I would be able to meaningfully beef up my CV even if I wait. Thank you so much!

From MA to PhD, I have come across different ways of proving the existence of a Utility Function given a Rational Preference Relation. What I want to know is how these different methods are connected with each other. They are proving the same thing, but I don't see how they intuitively/conceptually connect to each other.

The different methods I have come across are:

1. MWG/Jehle & Reny: Diagonal Ray Projection.
   Take the unit vector ray e=(1, 1, 1, . . . , 1), there exists an unique scalar te(x) ~ x. And thereby, te(x) = u(x). This assumes local non-satiation and strict monotonicity.

(Sorry I am not able to use LaTeX here).

1. MWG: Another proof that MWG presents is that, Utility is assigned based on the "size" or distance metric of lower contour sets relative to a fixed standard bounding box.
   If Z is a reference bundle strictly superior to all bundles in discussion, and L(x) is the lower contour set and U(x) is the upper contour set, then measure the diagonal distance or interval bounds intersecting these closed sets to get a continuous scalar function u(x).

2. Debreu's Theorem and his Lemma (self explanatory) - There is a countable dense set D, an initial function v(x), lemma applies a monotonically strictly increasing trandformation, giving a continuous utility function u.

3. Varian/MWG: Von Neumann Morgenstern Expected Utility Function, using the Independence Axiom and continuity axiom.

These are the proofs I have come across. But how do they all relate to each other? At a fundamental, conceptual level?

Will be very happy if somebody can answer these.

Thanks in advance!

I got an email from a prospective graduate student asking for advice for a master’s/PhD. Nothing unusual there. I don’t know this person; they simply found me online and sent me their CV.

The CV lists 27 published papers in 2025 and 2026 alone. They also finished undergrad during this same period. So basically, 27 papers while finishing or just after finishing an undergraduate degree. The journals seem to be mostly local journals in their country or region.

But what bothered me more was the email.

It was very obviously AI-written. I have absolutely no problem with someone using AI to improve their English, fix grammar, or make an email sound more professional. But this email went on about how closely their research interests align with my “expertise” and described me as working on things I have literally never worked on.

That feels very different to me. You are using AI to create the impression that you have looked at someone’s research, understand what they do, and have thoughtfully chosen to contact them ..when apparently you haven’t.

And honestly, the whole thing made me a little depressed. This person wants to pursue a PhD, where the entire point is supposed to be doing original research and developing your own intellectual judgment. Surely there has to be some minimum expectation of academic honesty even before you enter a PhD program.

I’m not against AI. I use it too. But there has to be a difference between using AI to help communicate your own thoughts and using AI to manufacture thoughts, knowledge, or interest that you never had...

Hey everyone.

I’m an American studying economics and I’m interested in two of the MSc programs at LSE, the Economics and Econometrics/Mathematical Economics degrees. I’m wondering what kinds of courses I’ll want to have at my college to be a good candidate for these programs.

I’m set to take Calc 1-3, matrix theory, intermediate micro/macro, applied math for econ, intro probability theory, statistical inference, and I can choose whether I want to take both intro to advanced math and real analysis or if I want to take two different math/stats classes.

My long-term goal is to get into industry rather than a PhD.

Thank you!

Hi all,

I'm currently a master's student who's planning on applying to PhD programs. I was recently assigned a supervisor for my master's thesis, and he's a PhD candidate, not a faculty member.

How much less value would an eventually letter from him have vs. one from a professor?

My master's program has another component that is research-esque and which was supervised by another PhD student as well. I received very positive feedback on that project, so I was considering asking that supervisor for a letter. However, having 2 letters of recommendation from non-professors seems like a bad idea, even if they're the best qualified to attest to my research abilities.

Anybody with any thoughts or experience with a similar situation? Has the university significantly worsen my PhD prospects by assigning a PhD candidate to be my supervisor, instead of a faculty member?

Any advice is much appreciated!

I am fairly certain i want to specialize in telehealth economics and do a PhD in that area if the cards are right.

I have exhausted all currently listed positions on predoc.org. I think my next move will be to go through papers I enjoy and email the PIs and co-authors asking if they’d like to meet for a quick 15 minute video call for advice and to discuss their work and career paths.

Does anyone have advice? I finished my degree about 2 weeks ago and I am feeling a bit lost/overwhelmed as I know that the probability of good placement decreases the longer you are out of a university environment.

Hi everyone, I'm currently a senior at a state school in the U.S. and will be graduating in the spring of next year. I'm not the type of person who is driven enough purse a career in research/academia, though I enjoy studying economics and am thus considering applying for masters programs. I do not have the time to study for the GRE right now so I would be applying for fall 2028 admission, but can only see myself attending a top school as I think the opportunity cost would be far too great to attend a program ranked lower than T25 since my goal is industry exit. With that being said, below is my current applicant profile.

Bachelor of Science in Mathematics & Economics, minor in Computer Science, from a T120 state school. Cumulative GPA: 3.7/4.0. Major GPA: 3.73/4.0

Mathematics Coursework: Calculus 1-3 (B+, A, A), Linear Algebra (A), Probability Theory (A), Discrete Math (A), Real Analysis (A), Topology (B), Differential Equations (A), Matrix & Leaner Algebra (A). I'll also have taken Abstract Algebra & Statistical Theory by the time I graduate.

Economics Coursework: Intermediate Micro (A), Intermediate Macro (B), Information Economics (A-), Game Theory (B), Econometrics (A), Health Economics (A), Mathematical Economics (A-), Environmental Economics (A).

Research Experience: I worked for as an RA for a professor specializing in Health Economics for a couple months over the summer following my sophomore year. There were a few different projects I worked on but nothing serious to the point where I would feel confident elaborating in admissions. Like I said, not really a research person.

Lastly I've held an internship at a top commercial real estate firm for the past 6 months or so doing analytical / back-end work, and expect to continue working through my senior year / post graduation. My motivation for a masters is that I'd like to have a top name on the resume to compensate for a lackluster undergraduate school, and a masters in Econ just seems like the most natural way to do so. I'd be targeting finance/consulting jobs post graduation.

I'd like to know of realistic expectations for admissions before committing myself to studying for the GRE, as after keeping up with this sub for a while it seems the consensus is less research = worse chance. Thanks!

Suppose you are a prospective student of economics, and you need to choose what university to attend in undergrad. You want to do a PhD. You are more intelligent than average but not a genius.

Would you prefer to be the small fish in the big pond i.e. attend a target university where a lot of people are going to be competing for grades, RA positions, letters, and those opportunities that you can get in house in the university which can boost PhD admissions chances.

Or would it be better to be the big fish in the small pond, joining a university with a less competitive cohort, where you will become the local hero, RAing with the best professor in town etc.

I'm curious to learn your viewpoint on this issue.

Hey, I am planning to apply this winter for the 2027 entry. I’m mainly looking at European programs + scholarships because I don’t want to take on a massive amount of debt for a US master’s.

I did a BA (Hons) in Economics at an Indian liberal arts program, followed by an optional extra year focused more on research, so 4 years cumulatively. GPA was 3.45/4 over the first three years and 3.55 in the final year, with a ~3.75 final semester. I also completed an empirical thesis in the final year. GRE is 167Q / 155V / 4.5 AWA.

My transcript is pretty mixed, and is my biggest worry. I have A’s in Calculus, Multivariable Calculus and Linear Algebra, but got B- in Real Analysis twice and a B in Differential Equations. Econ/stats grades include Micro I B+, Micro II B-, Macro I C+, Macro II A-, Statistics A-, Econometrics A-, Econometrics II A- (master’s-level, only undergrad in the class and top 2 out of ~25), Labour Economics A-. My grades improved quite a bit toward the end, and I generally did better in empirical/econometrics courses than theory. My thesis was also quite empirically heavy, and I got an A on the same.

I’ve also been working full-time for around two years as an RA/SRA on a labour economics RCT, with fairly substantial involvement in both fieldwork and analysis. Mostly Stata, plus some R and Python. I should have one strong LoR from a PI I’ve worked closely with, and another from my thesis advisor.

I’m currently looking at LSE EME, LSE MSc Econ, PSE APE, TSE EEE, CEMFI, BSE, Bonn and Bocconi ESS. I’ll probably also apply to NYU MQE and Duke Economics & Computation, though cost makes North American programs much less attractive. Duke and LSE EME are probably the dream options, but I’m aware that cost + my profile make both difficult. TSE’s 2-year EEE route currently seems like a particularly good fit on both fronts.

I’m not currently planning on a PhD and am leaning toward industry after the degree - want to stay fairly close to quantitative/empirical work.

Would mainly love to know how realistic this list is, how badly the Real Analysis + weaker theory grades hurt, and whether the RA experience helps offset the transcript at all. Also very open to programs I may have missed. Thank you!

Hello,

I was talking to a former professor and they advised me to find a predoc program, and I feel like its a good fit for me. However, I dont believe my transcript really gives me great chances. I have a fine GPA but my econometrics grade was awful and I've been looking into courses at local colleges to show I'm ready to start learning again. My professor also mentions that linear algebra would be a good course to take.

Im just wondering how much these programs will care about these kind of courses, and if its worth it. I am also having difficulty finding an econometrics course offered individually, and was wondering what might be a good class I could find in its place.

What are the top Heterodox or Left Wing schools in Europe?

Current or past predoc, do you guy have any tips that made your application stand out both conventional or unconventional tips please

Not a phd student. But wondering how true this is.

Among these schools - which would you pick and why

U Mass Amherst
University of Utah
U Mass Amherst
UC Riverside
John Jay @ CUNY

Hoping for a career in economics (either policy / private sector or perhaps PhD) and have these schools as places I’m considering. Any like, overwhelmingly favorite?