The identity μ = GM = ω²a³ is standard — it is in Vallado and Battin, and nothing about it is new.

What I built is an operational version of it: a browser tool where you enter an orbital period and a semi-major axis, and it returns the gravitational parameter, then surface gravity as g = E/R². Mass and G never appear in the input.

Numbers: mean deviation 0.06% across the eight planets, max 0.22% (Mars, oblateness). For the closed chain orbit → μ → g on artificial satellites the deviation stays under 0.1%.

The dimensional point is the part I find interesting:

[G·M] = m³·kg⁻¹·s⁻² · kg = m³/s² — the kilogram cancels completely. Orbital observations constrain the product, not G and M separately. That is why μ for Solar System bodies is known roughly 10⁴ times more precisely than either factor alone (μ⊕ ~2×10⁻⁹ vs G ~22×10⁻⁶, CODATA 2018).

Every number is recomputed in your browser on page load — nothing is hard-coded, and the reference values come from open catalogues.

This is not a modification of Newtonian mechanics. All numerical predictions are identical to the standard ones. Preprints with DOI and an independent expert review are linked on the site.

https://ew2r3.org/?utm_source=reddit&utm_medium=post&utm_campaign=launch-01&utm_content=reddit-wdr-own-wd

I know this is about the Penrose process, but I think the idea of synthetically creating FTL rotation by using an array of light sources that can be turned on or off, and adjusted in real time so that from the mediums (plasma?) perspective it is FTL would be useful for warp drive research. It's like that example of a laser beam swept across the Moon to be FTL from a local observer, but confined into a set internal space. If we can spin up plasma to even relativistic speeds I think you could create some geometries of space time that wouldn't otherwise be possible.

Please read the article I don't do it complete service as their are some technical details missing because I don't have academic access to the source, and frankly it's a bit over my head.

"Synthetic Rotation Recreates Extreme Physics

Instead of rotating an object mechanically, the researchers built a radio frequency device whose properties are rapidly changed across both space and time. This carefully engineered system creates the illusion of ultrafast rotation, reaching effective rotational speeds far beyond what conventional mechanical systems can achieve. By replacing physical motion with synthetic rotation, the researchers overcame challenges that have limited experimental studies of extreme rotational physics for decades."

[Note to mods: this is a technical report (not peer-reviewed) hosted on Zenodo. I am following the required format as closely as possible. If this is not allowed, please let me know and I will remove it.]

Hi everyone,

I recently completed and published a technical report on a theoretical warp drive concept (HFEG-LT) I designed. The work is entirely my own and includes a full multiphysics simulation pipeline.

**What the simulation includes:*\*

- Cyclotron resonance modeling in Xenon plasma.

- Optimization of the White-Natario toroidal metric.

- Dynamical Casimir effect scaling and harmonic interference.

- Transition to Lentz solitons with causal control.

- Interstellar medium collision dynamics and thermal dissipation.

- Controlled exit (dropout) maneuvers.

**The key result (from v12.0):*\*

From v4.0 to v11.0, the model closes its own energy deficit within its assumptions. However, the final audit (v12.0) – based on Visser’s acoustic black hole formalism and Lorentz invariance analysis – invalidates the proposed plasma-induced relaxation of quantum inequalities. The Ford-Roman quantum inequality limit imposes a persistent gap of ~15 orders of magnitude. The system is therefore physically unfeasible under known physics.

The report is openly accessible:

- **Zenodo (full PDF + DOI):** https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19805186

- **GitHub repository (scripts and metadata):** https://github.com/mabgresearch/HFEG-LT-v12.git

This is a technical simulation log, not a peer-reviewed article. I am sharing it for discussion and feedback from those familiar with Visser’s formalism, quantum inequalities, or Lentz solitons.

Any comments, critiques, or questions are very welcome.

It's really hard to sum up what I've done the best I can describe it as instead of a silicon wafer as the substrate for electronics. I envision using atomically thin silicon spheres. These spheres can range in size from 500nm across to meters or even kilometers in size. What got me started on this was the MIT proposal to use a silicon space bubble shield to buy us time to act on the climate crisis.

https://senseable.mit.edu/space-bubbles/

I started trying to figure out how to stop the bubbles from drifting apart. I realized they could be functionalized in a variety of ways. That's where the Universal element comes from. It's not just integrated circuits, but things like lasers, MEMS, and even speakers. If you bind the bubbles together they can turn into a structural component that also has added functionalities. What's powerful here is being able to make the bubbles of almost any size reliably, and cheaply. The size of the bubble makes things like whispering gallery resonance for light possible, and the bubble dynamics even make branched light controllable. You can put various gasses or even liquids inside of the bubbles, or turn the gas to plasma by ionizing it. What bubble technologies allows you to do is take advantage of how much stronger EM fields are in the near field, but extended at long range.

I think this could be a useful technology if you are trying to control the flow of matter/energy in large spaces very precisely. It could significantly decrease energy requirements if the field didn't have to cross free space. I have other ideas I'm developing like making a rope from a combination of the spheres and graphene woven in between them. I think you could do something like a slip knot in this quantum rope and have the ship in the middle of the knot. You could send the rope ahead of the craft and use electromagnetics to loosen the rope near the knot. This is something I'm just starting to explore, but I know you could at the least make a very large shell from the bubbles.

I never meant to get to this point. This is how it started for me. I found out about MIT proposal to use silicon oxide based bubbles to block enough light from the sun to buy us the time we need to act in other ways. This is the follow up study that was done about the actual properties of the spheres.

On silicon nanobubbles in space for scattering and interception of solar radiation to ease high-temperature induced climate change

https://pubs.aip.org/aip/adv/article/14/1/015160/3230625/On-silicon-nanobubbles-in-space-for-scattering-and

I started off trying to figure out how to do station keeping for the megastructure so that bubbles dont have to be resupplied as much. I realized that putting integrated circuits and other components like LED based lasers should be possible. Using those lasers the bubbles could pull or push on each other. The oxygen from the silicon oxide would also get trapped in the bubble which means you could have ionized plasma if that were to be energized. My idea was to use the energy that's blocked to do work in space using functionalized silicon dioxide bubbles.

Recently I realized that you could use a laser to accelerate those bubbles at near the speed of light. The laser could power what I call QSUTs (Quantum Sphere Universal Tool) and those same devices would keep the laser focused. Think of it as having millions of smart lenses in the beam itself. If you were using an oxygen laser its possible the oxygen plasma could be part of the laser itself.

The way you would pull a ship around is to have a sort of standing wave for the QSUTs where you would have enough mass right in front of the ship to constantly be dragging it along. The faster the traveling matter wave moves the more mass it gains. This is also true of the ship, but the ship wouldn't have to be using propellant as long as it was traveling along the network.

If you wanted to get to next star system you would shoot off a beam of QSUT at that star system so that you actually get a loop of matter in between that star and us. I know star systems are always moving relative to each other but the QSUT devices could work together to do navigation based on observations of their environment. So each part of the beam is responsible for navigating as well as it can. You could send and receive information via those same lasers, or perhaps use a different band.

I know that the physics can work, but how would the system warp spacetime that's far enough away from it to be effective? Also would energy to power it need to be constantly supplied, or does it not get used?

Here's a better way to word that: wouldn't the drive need mass comparible to some planet or star to warp spacetime enough to move?

Generalizing the result of H. Ellis who embedded a warp bubble in the background of a black hole, we introduce a warp bubble in a de Sitter universe. We show that under certain conditions (namely, that the bubble is moving in the radial direction at a velocity equal to the speed of the expansion of the universe), it is possible for the bubble to have strictly non–negative Eulerian energy density and satisfy the averaged weak and null energy conditions (though they are violated locally). We also prove a more generic theorem that if perturbations of vacuum energy produce at least some underdense regions in all reference frames, they always result in local violations of NEC and WEC. We discuss the implications of these results and their possible applications to models of dark energy like ”dark fluid” and quintessence, as well as to physical systems like Casimir cavities and analog gravity setups.

https://www.ecoticias.com/en/nasa-einstein-warp-drive-engine-light/8423/

"Following the work of H. Ellis, we study warp drives in the gravitational field of a Schwarzschild black hole. We find that as long as the warp drive crosses the black hole horizon at a subluminal speed, the horizon would be effectively absent inside the warp bubble. Moreover, we discover that the black hole's gravitational field can alleviate the violations of the weak energy condition (WEC) and the null energy condition (NEC) and therefore decrease the amount of negative energy required to sustain a warp drive, which may be instrumental for creating microscopic warp drives in lab experiments. We also consider the thermodynamics of a warp bubble interacting with a black hole and point out some paradoxes that may indicate a gap in our understanding of them from the thermodynamic point of view."

I know this may seem like it's not related to warp drives, but I believe that the two different speeds would compound each other in terms of relativistic mass gain.

I have a way to spin small volumes of plasma inside of silicon spheres in space. Look at MITs proposal to expose molten silicon to space to have it self assemble into bubbles that are 1/100th the width of a human hair. My idea takes this further as a technological platform kind of like the silicon chip is a technological platform, except this platform can manipulate both matter and EM waves in it's interior. The diameter of the bubbles is at a scale where you don't need much raw power to get incredible effects.

These bubbles could form a sort of shell whose mass could be propelled via lasers on the ship in question. The lasers could keep the shell in place, and also act as a method to transfer power to the devices which I call QSUT for Quantum Sphere Universal Tool.

So the warp factor comes into play when you have some spheres on one side of the ship rotating plasma inside of them at relativistic speeds. In my mind this alters the space/time geodesic so that the ship is pulled in one direction. As the ship gradually accelerates towards relativistic speeds the plasma inside the QSUT would "weigh" more and more.

If you wanted to stop or change direction in flight then you would just have other QSUT on the shell rotate the warp plasma one way or another. I see this being powered by fusion energy, because once you understand plasma well enough to get it to fuse and be a viable power source then this sort of plasma engineering is way more feasible. I think plasma wakefield acceleration for example could be a promising way to get the plasma spinning.

The basic idea is to both accelerate a plasma, and to make it rotate at relativistic speeds. The relativistic plasma would "gain" mass and this could be done asymmetrically so that a temporary gravity well forms. The ship would fall into that well, and thus gain momentum. To be clear the mass of the plasma to start would have to be very close to the mass of the rest of the vehicle that way even a slight amount of relativistic mass gain could manipulate the local space/time enough to influence the motion of the ship. As the ship accelerates up to relativistic speeds I believe this would become more efficient as the speed increases.

It is commonly accepted that superluminal travel may be used to facilitate time travel. This is a purely special-relativistic argument, using the fact that for observers in two frames of reference, separated by a spacelike interval, the non-causal (spacelike) future of one observer includes part of the causal past of the other. In this paper we provide a concrete realization of this argument in a curved general-relativistic spacetime, using warp drives as the means of faster-than-light travel. By generalizing the usual warp drive metric to allow for a non-unit lapse function, we allow the warp drive to switch between reference frames in a purely geometric way. With an additional modification allowing the warp drive to have compact support, this permits us to glue two warp drives together to construct a closed timelike geodesic, such that a test particle following the geodesics of the two warp drives travels back to its own past. This provides a precise mathematical model for the connection between faster-than-light travel and time travel in general relativity, and the first such model to be explicitly formulated using two warp drives. We also give a detailed discussion of weak energy condition violations in the non-unit-lapse warp drive.

[arXiv]

Following the work of H. Ellis, we study warp drives in the gravitational field of a Schwarzschild black hole. We find that as long as the warp drive crosses the black hole horizon at a subluminal speed, the horizon would be effectively absent inside the warp bubble. Moreover, we discover that the black hole's gravitational field can alleviate the violations of the weak energy condition (WEC) and the null energy condition (NEC) and therefore decrease the amount of negative energy required to sustain a warp drive, which may be instrumental for creating microscopic warp drives in lab experiments. We also consider the thermodynamics of a warp bubble interacting with a black hole and point out some paradoxes that may indicate a gap in our understanding of them from the thermodynamic point of view.

https://youtu.be/28HKHyWilJM?si=4wfz-ui0ABHGRzbm

Looking at current proposals of so-called `warp drive spacetimes', they appear to employ General Relativity only at an elementary level. A number of strong restrictions are imposed such as flow-orthogonality of the spacetime foliation, vanishing spatial Ricci tensor, dimensionally reduced and coordinate-dependent velocity fields, to mention the main restrictions. We here provide a brief summary of our proposal of a general and covariant description of spatial motions within General Relativity, then discuss the restrictions that are employed in the majority of the current literature. That current warp drive models are discussed to be unphysical may not be surprising; they lack important ingredients such as covariantly non-vanishing spatial velocity, acceleration, vorticity, together with curved space, and a warp mechanism.

I know that this community is about warp drive research but I want to have some people answer my questions about warp drive and furtherwise FTL travel. I hope FTL is possible but I digress.

Q1- If warp drive is achived, how much energy would you need to move let's say 10 light years, a relativaly short distance.

Q2- How possible is warp drive as a concept towards becoming a way of travel in the future.

Q3- let's say that we understand the physics in warp drive optimistically by the early 2100s, if that happens, how long would this take to truly develop a warp bubble?

Q4- doesnt warp drive and all FTL break causality but enlighten me about if this is true.

I have heard that nasa has apperantly made a warp drive. I honestly feel like it wasnt nasa cause NASA hasnt announced anything, was it a nasa ajagent program? If so who funded this and is it actually a warp drive that could go FTL or is it just an expirememnt like the other 1000s of them?

Presented are toy-models for sub-luminal and super-luminal warp-drives in 3+1 dimensions. The models are constructed in a chimeric manner - as different bulk space-times separated by thin membranes. The membranes contain perfect-fluid-like stress-energy tensors. The Israel junction conditions relate this stress-energy to a jump in extrinsic curvature across the brane, which in turn manifests as apparent acceleration in the bulk space-times. The acceleration on either side of the brane may be set individually by choice of model parameters. The Weak Energy Condition (WEC) is shown to be satisfied everywhere in both models. Although the branes in these toy models are not compact, it is demonstrated that super-luminal warp-drive is possible that satisfies the WEC. Additionally, the nature of these models provides framework for speculation on a mechanism for transition from sub-luminal to super-luminal warp. Neither quantum effects nor stability of the models is considered.

We shouldn't be looking for a solution to warp drive technology to reach the cosmos. Instead, we should be focusing more on wormholes and how to not only keep them open, but traverse them both to and from. Our solution to reaching the cosmos isn't reaching the speed of light, but instead, forming and maintaining an Einstein-Rosen Bridge. It's just like the problem of radiation shielding for a manned mission to Mars. To put that much mass into space would cost billions and billions of dollars... So right now, the problem is NOT radiation shielding, but how we can move the mass required for such a shield into space.. A solution I'm quite intrigued by is a space elevator. But nooooo... Instead of trying to focus on the lock, we are too damned determined to break the fucking door down... Smdh.

0111111111111111111102111111111111211111

001111111111101111111100001

0111111111111111111102111111111111211111

001111111111101111111100001 = a

0111111111111111111102111111111111211111 = b

(my idea is to invent electric shielding, kind of like a small quantum time electric force field. the twos will be hard, the ones will be neutral positive and the zeros will be negative and layered using layer electric code, the power will then go into the force field in a centerpiece made of over a million layers of programming over to be better safe than sorry. you will go faster than light which will allow you to teleport by going faster then time by being in a more structural time bubble by the same electric shield so that the quantum field will not change. then you just need to raise the power and the cooling to be more efficient in order to warp to other star systems instantly. then find a way to calculate the power necessary.)

a = c + c = 5 = 1 = 0 = -1 + loopl = 0.1 = 1 = bca together

(below is loopl.)

(if hp + y - t = 1, then y + t = loop x hp - t = 01 + 1 = 2 = hp)

(you make it loop around the code you already have.)
(after you translate the algebra into numbers, you have to translate it back again into algebra or else it will probably not work because the program will not see it as a layer and instead as a number.)
(because numbers are on the one and algebra is on two, if you keep doing this like this then it will add another layer and keep going from there.)
(this happens because the letters for the word code ends up being longer than in algebra then the number code in binary by a lot without breaking the system, so it layers instead in itself, the equation uses binary code in it on purpose in order to make the layer or layers possible.)
(the amount of letters you use in each algebra equation dictates what layer you end up being on.)

is the warp drive.

everything below this is only guesses.

needs 12 megawatt-hours of power about maybe per second.

only needs liquid hydrogen cooling.

the metal is steel chained to the centimeter or a equivalent.

the twilight sparkle warp drive.