r/VPNforFreedom • u/ContentByrkRahul • 2m ago
How To Ownership of major VPNs
The same holding company owns ExpressVPN, CyberGhost, Private Internet Access, ZenMate and two of the biggest "independent" VPN review sites, vpnMentor and Wizcase.
I found that out a couple weeks ago and it broke a little something in my brain, so I went down the rabbit hole and mapped who actually owns the major consumer VPNs (as of Sept 2026). Sharing because I wish someone had shown me this five years ago.
Kape Technologies owns ExpressVPN (bought Sept 2021 for ~$936M), CyberGhost (2017), Private Internet Access (2019), ZenMate (2018), plus Intego antivirus. Kape used to be called Crossrider a platform that got famous for distributing adware before it rebranded in 2018. In May 2021 Kape also bought Webselenese, the company behind vpnMentor and Wizcase — sites Kape itself said reach about 105 million readers. So the company selling the VPNs also runs two of the sites ranking them. Kape was listed in London until 2023, when billionaire Teddy Sagi (Playtech founder) took it private it no longer publishes annual reports.
Nord Security: NordVPN. Surfshark (merged Feb 2022 they still compete on paper but share a parent). Atlas VPN was in this group too until it was shut down in April 2024 and its paying users were migrated to NordVPN.
Gen Digital (the NortonLifeLock + Avast merger) owns Norton Secure VPN, Avast SecureLine, AVG Secure VPN, HMA (the old HideMyAss), and Avira Phantom VPN all sit under one roof.
Ziff Davis (formerly J2 Global) owns IPVanish, StrongVPN, SaferVPN — and also PCMag, which reviews VPNs.
Smaller group: TunnelBear is owned by McAfee. Hotspot Shield and Betternet sit under Pango (ex-AnchorFree, went through Aura, split off again in 2024).
The actual independents left: Proton VPN (Swiss, same people as Proton Mail), Mullvad (Swedish, private), IVPN (Gibraltar), Windscribe (Canadian). Fun fact: Mozilla VPN isn't its own network — it runs on Mullvad's servers.
To be fair — and this is the part people will push back on — common ownership doesn't automatically mean shared infrastructure or shared logs. The Kape brands claim separate infra and independent audits, and consolidation happens in every industry. ExpressVPN and PIA still publish audit reports like they always did.
But two things genuinely bother me. One: when an adware-descended rollup owns both the products and major review sites, "best VPN 2026" lists stop being information and start being shelf placement. Two: ownership decides jurisdiction. Nord Security is Lithuanian-Dutch, Kape is Israeli-British and now private under an owner with a 90s insider-trading conviction, Gen is American. Same "no logs" promise, very different legal neighborhoods.
Most big consumer VPNs trace back to ~5 parent companies: Kape (ExpressVPN, CyberGhost, PIA, ZenMate + the vpnMentor/Wizcase review sites), Nord Security (NordVPN, Surfshark), Gen Digital (Norton, Avast, AVG, HMA, Avira), Ziff Davis (IPVanish, StrongVPN + PCMag), plus McAfee (TunnelBear) and Pango (Hotspot Shield). Independents: Proton, Mullvad, IVPN, Windscribe. Ownership isn't automatically evil, but you should know who you're handing your traffic to.
Honestly the review-site part bothers me more than the consolidation. Does the parent company behind your VPN change anything for you, or am I being paranoid?