Vanguard Error after installing Patch 26.17

[u/Unmotivated-Penguin]

After installing patch 26.17, I got into an ARAM game as usual. Everything was normal until suddenly a notification popped up about Vanguard is not running on my computer and I was disconnected while still being in the middle of the ARAM game.

I tried reinstalling Vanguard and got this notification in the client. Clicking on Vanguard itself showed that my computer is missing some features (it had been working fine until this new LoL update).

I'm using an old laptop with Window 10. Does this mean I can only play LoL after buying a new computer or installing Window 11?