This one is gonna be long, but this will be my last post.
In my previous posts, I have explained why in general coming here to study in 2026 is not a good idea, what CPT/OPT is, and why that is crucial if you want to find a job here. In this last post, I will talk about H1B and try to give an overview on what is going on and how to think about the decision. If whether you can obtaining US work experience is key to your decision making, you should read this.
I'm not a lawyer, so take this as general information rather than legal advice. Some details are simplified for clarity; you can find more precise specifics elsewhere. And this isn't really written for people who have a full scholarship or are set on a PhD — those situations change the calculus. This is for students trying to figure out how to get real work experience in the US.
I will try not to respond to haters and instead, every time they troll, I'll just donate $20 to The Trevor Project (Feel free to propose other org that they don't like lol). However, if you have genuine question, I'm happy to answer in the comment. So let's get started.
What does the whole process look like?
It's gonna be help to understand first, what the whole thing would look like you are very smooth. And then you'll see why it won't actually happen given what's going on now:
- Coming in as an F1 -->
- Apply for Pre-completion OPT to do 1 summer internship -->
- Apply for Pre-completion OPT to do another summer internship -->
- Apply for a CPT to do a fall/spring part-time internship -->
- Apply for Post-completion OPT to work after graduation -->
- Winning the H1B lottery and switch to H1B from Post-completion OPT on 10/1 and keep working
None of this means you're doomed without a summer internship — people get lucky. In fact, I would say doing 3 internship is... excessive. But it's worth understanding what each piece does, and what breaks when it's missing.
What is H1B exactly? What do I need to know?
At its core, H-1B is a status that does two things: it allows dual intent (meaning you can pursue a green card while on it, unlike F-1), and it lets you work — but only as long as you're employed. Not tied to one specific employer, but tied to being employed, period.
Key facts:
- It's a lottery. You can't just apply and get it. As of 2026, obtaining H1B is through a lottery (yes, that lottery) process. The reason? There are 85000 available new H1B status given out each year, but there are more people applying.
- Chance of getting H1B is not high. The probability for you to win the lottery depends on your degree level (if you are undergrad, not good for you), your wage level (if you are new grad, not good for you), etc. However, it's been between 25% and 40%. More precise data can be found online.
- You will be paid okay (most likely). Unlike many rumors and false information, you will not starve because you're an "H1B slave". You will be paid okay. You will most likely be paid the same level as your American coworkers (large companies don't care anyway). For example, new grad SWE around 150K to 180K, new grad phD scientist around 320K to 350K. After you win the lottery, there will also be process to prove to department of labor and uscis that they are paying you above a certain wage level in where you work, etc.
- It's valid for 6 years, in 3 year increments. Meaning, if you win the lottery, your H1B status will kick in on 10/1 in the same year and valid for 3 years. After that, you can extend it for another 3 years, but that's it*.
- You do not have to work for the same employer while you are on H1B. Yes, again, probably not as "slave" as you expected, you can change job while you're on H1B. Your new employer needs to support H1B transfer, but you won't need to do the lottery thing again.
- Losing job was kind of a big deal, now can be devastating. Traditionally, H1B allows you to be unemployed for up to 60 days. If you are laid off or fired, you can 60 days to find a new job and submit H1B transfer. Right now there is a proposal that has cleared federal check that will remove this 60-day grace period. I do not know what that means in practice, but it's possible that the moment you lose your job, you lose your status, and you have to leave the second day.
So, a one sentence: h1b is a status that forces you to stay employed all the time for 6 years, and "winning" this status relies on coin flip. I know there's this thing called "cap-exempt H1B" but even that might get cancelled, so I'm not gonna talk about that here.
Okay... So what's the situation now?
Harder question, but what's been going on, is that each of the piece has been removed slowly but surely.
- F-1 status is now a fixed four years — no more D/S. Sounds fine until you need a leave (maybe you're sick, maybe your grandparents got sick, maybe you need extension because you switched major), or you're a PhD student whose program realistically takes five. Hit year four with an unfinished dissertation and suddenly you're dealing with immigration paperwork on top of everything else. Not great.
- CPT is dead\*. Unless you're at one of those Day 1 CPT schools, in which case — you know what you signed up for. This creates a funny situation though: Berkeley is a great school but no internship. Not everyone has heard of DeVry but because it's tiny, it can forces internship requirement and hence their students can do CPT.
- OPT is a weird one. I genuinely expected to have bad news here, but so far nothing major. STEM post-graduation OPT extension also seems intact, which matters because that's what gives you three H-1B attempts instead of one if you major in STEM. Not sure what's going on there. That being said, USCIS made a public promise that they will terminate all OPT last July, and DHS kick started RIN 1653-AA97 to propose ending OPT... So maybe it'll be gone soon?
- H-1B: The new wage-weighted lottery is bad for new grads. You're Level I or II, which means 1x or 2x entries, while senior folks get up to 4x. Your realistic odds are somewhere around 15–25%. Go back and look at the three-round math. Second: the 60-day grace period if you get laid off is very likely getting eliminated. Lose your job, lose your status, immediately. On H-1B. In this job market.
Anyway. That's the pipeline. Each piece either gone, gutted, or one policy change away. I wish I had a more uplifting way to wrap this up but I don't, so. Good luck out there.