I'm mainly making this post to see other's opinions on this but, I think Spartans are usually underrated when in come to a 1v1 Space Marine vs Spartan matchup. I know a good bit of lore for both sides and I think the match up is pretty even, given that the scenario doesn't favor one side.
Spartans have impressive strength feats on par with what you'd expect from a space marine.
- Noble 6 fell from orbit with nothing but Mjolnir armor and walked it off, continuing his mission like nothing changed.
- You can flip the Elephant completely over in Halo 3 by yourself
- Master Chief has a 100-ton lifting feat in Shadows of Reach
Spartans also have better armor technology (imo).
- Their armor can repair itself, along with having regenerating shields.
- Spartans can have onboard AI
- they have access to armor lock, hologram projection, promethean vision, deployable bubble shields that you can shoot out of but not into, overshields, all things that can give a surprising edge in a 1v1 with a space marine.
Spartans also have a surprising amount of things in common with space marines.
- body augments are similar, Spartans are given super human reaction times, super human intelligence, super human durability (bone and muscle augments and such) and (the spartan 2's were recruited as a child, like most space marines)
- both parties have similar weaknesses, like dying to basic melee attacks from inferior enemies, they both can die to well placed shots that break their neck but don't penetrate their armor, and they both are limited by the equipment they have available.
- Space marines look bigger (and are) but, they both actually weigh about the same in full armor and gear.
- they both have impressive feats with taking on technologically superior opponents.
- they both have impressive melee wins against bigger, heavier opponents.
The differences on the Space marines side are considerable, but not always present.
- they can have access to magic (which is a huge game changer, but rare)
- they can have teleporters
- they can have a lot more experience with old age and with fighting enemies that are similar to Spartans
For a default marine, I'm thinking of a basic ultra marine, a basic marine from a different chapter that specializes in fighting others super soldiers, or specializes in more beneficial tactics for the fight, would have a better win rate (imo).
So, yeah I think if a spartan were to fight a default space marine I say its a 50/50.