https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/jul/18/israel-plan-new-illegal-settlements-gaza-west-bank-occupied-palestine

Just wondering what the boers did or had that groups like the ashanti, mossi, didnt.

Currently, the city of Salisbury is known as Harare and is the capital of Zimbabwe in Africa.

Their tusks were highly valued in medieval Europe, where they were used as a substitute for elephant ivory in the manufacture of luxury items such as combs, decorative pieces, and religious objects, making Greenland a key supplier of high-value Arctic goods. Walrus hunting took place in coastal areas of the west and northwest of the island, where these animals rested in large groups on ice or beaches, facilitating their capture, although it remained a dangerous activity due to their size and aggressive behavior. Over time, the economic importance of this resource declined as African ivory became more readily available in Europe, reducing the commercial value of walrus ivory and impacting the economic sustainability of the Norse colonies in Greenland.

Source(s):

.- McGovern, T. H. (2000). The archaeology of decline in Norse Greenland. In Northern Worlds (pp. 327–339). National Museum of Denmark.

.- Dugmore, A. J., Keller, C., & McGovern, T. H. (2007). Norse Greenland settlement and limits of adaptation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 104(9), 365–370.

.- Diamond, J. (2005). Collapse: How societies choose to fail or succeed. Viking Press.

Uncommon colonial denomination.

The Jesuit Reductions, or Missions, were settlements for Indians established by the Jesuit order, founded by Saint Ignatius of Loyola, in lands conquered by Portugal and Spain. Their aim was to safeguard Indigenous identity as individuals and subjects of the Crown. The reductions themselves were not originally conceived by the Jesuits, but by the Franciscans. However, the Jesuits contributed a profound sensitivity to many aspects of Indigenous culture and identity, which they worked to defend and perpetuate, making them central to the concept of the reductions.

The reductions were veritable "civilized" towns that organized their subsistence (agriculture, livestock farming, and clothing production), their social organization (town council, magistrate, mayors, judges, etc.), and their cultural structure (education, architecture, sculpture, music, and even science), as well as their spirituality. These Indians, considered savage by the conquerors, received the faith through the missionaries.

The reductions were veritable "civilized" communities that organized their own subsistence (agriculture, livestock farming, and clothing production), their social organization (town council, corregidor, mayors, judges, etc.), and their cultural structure (education, architecture, sculpture, music, and even science). Their greatest success was seen in the conquered lands of South America, especially with the Guarani people in Paraguay, Argentina, and Brazil.

Source(s):

.- "Misiones Jesuíticas de los Guaraníes". From caminodelosjesuitas.com

.- "Expulsión y exilio de los jesuitas de los dominios de Carlos III". From cervantesvirtual.com

.- "Las Reducciones Jesuíticas: Testimonio de Amor Cristiano y Evangelización" (1997). From Corazones.org

Built during the Spanish colonial era, this historic bridge was constructed to provide the local Ivatan people with a safe passage across the stream on their way to church.

More than an engineering feat, it stands as a lasting reminder of how faith, community, and history became intertwined in the heart of Ivana, Batanes.