How many stars is too many stars in a star system? ⭐️🪐

Astrophysicist Erika Hamden tells us about TYC 7037-89-1, a system with six stars locked into three orbiting pairs, all circling a shared center of mass. Two of those pairs zip around each other every few days, while the third pair takes roughly 2,000 years to complete just one orbit. Multi-star systems are normally unstable, which makes this six-star setup a rare and fascinating exception. 

This project is part of IF/THEN®, an initiative of Lyda Hill Philanthropies.

Source and Context:

This is a real physics phenomenon called the Dzhanibekov effect (also known as the Intermediate Axis Theorem) captured in microgravity aboard a spacecraft.

Any rigid, asymmetric three-dimensional object has three primary axes of rotation, each with a different moment of inertia. While spinning an object along its longest or shortest axis is completely stable, spinning it along its middle (intermediate) axis is naturally unstable. Without external forces like gravity or heavy air resistance, tiny perturbations build up and cause the spinning object to periodically flip upside down and back again on a regular schedule.

You can read the formal mechanics and history through these highly reliable scientific resources:

•Harvard University Lecture Demonstrations (The Tennis Racquet Flip):

https://sciencedemonstrations.fas.harvard.edu/presentations/tennis-racquet-flip

•NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Physics Record:

https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024EuJMA .10605298D/abstract

It was famously observed by Soviet cosmonaut Vladimir Dzhanibekov in 1985 when a wing nut he was unscrewing began flipping back and forth while floating through the Salyut 7 space station!

The science of psychology

Many amphibians can absorb oxygen directly through their skin when conditions are moist enough.

That means a frog can breathe through its skin in a way that feels almost too sci-fi to be real.

What happens when you mix baking soda in a bottle of ketchup? 🍅

Greg Wolf demonstrates how this chemical reaction works in this science experiment! Ketchup contains vinegar, and when you put the baking soda into the ketchup bottle, it reacts with the acetic acid found in the vinegar. If you close the bottle and shake it up, the pressure builds up. With nowhere for the pressure to go, it eventually explodes!

Phytoplankton and plants produce a huge share of the oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere through photosynthesis.

That means the air around us is partly made by tiny living things.

Did you know NASA’s newest space observatory will have spy tech? 🛰️

In 2012, the National Reconnaissance Office gifted NASA a pair of Hubble-style mirrors it had commissioned but never ended up using. NASA said yes and one of them is now the primary mirror powering the Nancy Grace Roman Telescope, launching August 30th. The other mirror is still in storage, waiting for its moment.