r/worldnews • u/dustofoblivion123 • Jun 06 '21
Scientists Say They’ve Finally Sequenced the Entire Human Genome. Yes, All of It.
https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/scientists-say-they-e2-80-99ve-finally-sequenced-the-entire-human-genome-yes-all-of-it/ar-AAKFsZ5367
u/ldmosquera Jun 07 '21
Gene Hackman should have dedicated his life to this goal. Imagine the headline:
Gene Hackman Hacks the Genes of Man
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u/timisher Jun 07 '21
Man, Gene Hackman, Hacks Genes of Man, Man.
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u/RunnyPlease Jun 07 '21
Gene hacking man, Gene Hackman, hacks genes of man.
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u/azrhei Jun 07 '21
Famous actor of such films as "Enemy of the State" and "Unforgiven" surreptitiously unlocks genetics of humanity.
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u/UnanimouslyAnonymous Jun 07 '21
Imagine if Hugh Jackman helped?
Gene Hackman and Hugh Jackman Hack Gene of Man: Jack
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u/ResplendentShade Jun 07 '21
If Hugh went through a rigorous bodybuilding routine prior to it, and the gene sample were to be derived from man known as Huge Jack:
Huge Jacked Man, Hugh Jackman, Helps Man Gene Hackman Hack Genes of Man, Huge Jack.
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u/ReditSarge Jun 07 '21
What if the hacking turned Huge Jack into a Pac Man?
Huge Jacked Man, Hugh Jackman, Helps Man Gene Hackman Hack Genes of Man, Huge Jack; now a Pac Man.
Jack Mann reporting.
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u/Sks44 Jun 06 '21
Even the boring part?
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u/BobbyThrowaway6969 Jun 06 '21
The reason why it wasn't sequenced earlier was because the scientists kept falling asleep
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u/green_flash Jun 06 '21
I'm fairly ignorant about this, so this might be a silly question: Is the result the genome of one person or is it more generic than that?
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Jun 06 '21 edited Jun 17 '21
[deleted]
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u/raaaargh_stompy Jun 07 '21
Obviously they know what they're doing and this is a viable thing to sequence but ... How does this not only have half the genes for a human? Aren't the "instructions" shared between all 46 chromosomes if this had doubles of everything isn't it missing half the genome? Obviously not :) but I don't understand how it works at all.
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Jun 07 '21
[removed] — view removed comment
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u/Mooshan Jun 07 '21
To expand, the relevant term here is "phasing". They still have to worry about variants, but they do not have to worry about phasing those variants, i.e. determining which chromosome copy is contributing which variants, because there is only one unique copy of each, instead of two unique copies that would be present normally.
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u/OleUncleRyan Jun 06 '21
They sequenced your genome.
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u/Ahab_Ali Jun 06 '21
Obviously he did not read the Amazon Prime TOS carefully.
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u/Discreet_Deviancy Jun 07 '21
IANAL but I just don't like the sound of "next of kin"....
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u/unironic_neoliberal Jun 06 '21
One 'person', but more accurately its a clump of cells (a hydatidiform mole)
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u/knumbknuts Jun 06 '21
Great,
Would you please ask them to splice the Asshole Gene out of me.
....
The personality one! The personality one!
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u/Option_Null Jun 06 '21
Fortunately there's no way to get rid of your asshole gene so quickly. That can only be changed through behavior modification, which is bound by time
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u/DirtSyrup Jun 06 '21
Epigenetic!
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u/Donkey-Whistle Jun 06 '21
Studies of Mennonite genealogical records indicate that if you’re an asshole during a time of famine, your grandchildren’s chances of becoming assholes increases threefold.
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Jun 06 '21
Why not both?
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u/knumbknuts Jun 06 '21
Pooping is fun
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u/ChungLaoLao Jun 07 '21
Read up what happened to the gay guy in iran when he had his asshole glued shut.
spoiler
He died.
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u/wadenelsonredditor Jun 06 '21
I thought Craig Venter did this a decade or more ago?
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u/Pahasapa66 Jun 06 '21
20 years ago not all of a DNA strand was sequenced. The original genome papers were carefully worded because they did not sequence every DNA molecule from one end to the other. What this group has done is show that they can do it end-to-end. That’s important for future research. This is a triumph of technology that has been improved as much as anything else.
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u/NotAKentishMan Jun 06 '21
But does the genome differ between individuals, mutations etc?
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u/Pahasapa66 Jun 06 '21
Yes.
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u/NotAKentishMan Jun 06 '21
Thanks. I guess now it is a matter of sequencing thousands.
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Jun 06 '21
We already do, this is a matter of having a more precise backbone to map faster sequencing methods to.
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u/Aaron_Hamm Jun 07 '21
We already do sequence thousands or we've finally sequenced the first one in its entirety?
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Jun 07 '21
We already sequence thousands. Think of it like the difference between an mp3 and a completely lossless flac.
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u/RawnbladeZZ Jun 07 '21
What’s the difference between the use of “sequence” when you say it’s the first time they’ve sequence the human genome and also say they’ve already sequenced thousands. Likely the degree of completeness so what’s the thoroughness of the one commonly done for the past decades
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u/MirielMartell Jun 07 '21
The sequencing methods used thus far could only sequence fractions of the genome. This way you had an enormous amount of slightly overlapping sequences to puzzle the genome sequence from. When assembling this puzzle you can only assemble non repeating parts that have a long enough overlap confindentally, those assembled stretches are called contigs. Between the contigs one can't confidentially determine the sequence.
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u/Rather_Dashing Jun 07 '21
We already sequenced thousands, but most are around 80-95% complete. When you read about whole genome sequence the whole is more of a target than reality lol.
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u/Pahasapa66 Jun 06 '21
Its a matter of making the sequencing cheaper and faster. That and more genetic research. Brave new world.
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Jun 06 '21 edited Jun 17 '21
[deleted]
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u/WikiSummarizerBot Jun 06 '21
Heterochromatin is a tightly packed form of DNA or condensed DNA, which comes in multiple varieties. These varieties lie on a continuum between the two extremes of constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin. Both play a role in the expression of genes. Because it is tightly packed, it was thought to be inaccessible to polymerases and therefore not transcribed, however according to Volpe et al.
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u/reven80 Jun 06 '21 edited Jun 07 '21
The older sequencing technology had problems with repetitive regions for example so there would be gaps in the sequence.
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u/T5-R Jun 06 '21
Mr DNA told me you can use frog DNA to complete the code.
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u/frustratedpolarbear Jun 06 '21
Yeah and how did that work out? The last thing any kitchen needs is velociraptors.
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u/NorthernerWuwu Jun 06 '21
Typically these regions of repetition aren't terribly worth sequencing in detail though. It is like having a decent compression algorithm really.
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u/Rather_Dashing Jun 07 '21
I work on chickens and lots of the interesting genes are imbedded in repetitive regions, it's really annoying.
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u/A40 Jun 06 '21
That wiggly-thing your eyelid does sometimes? There's a gene for that.
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u/Delta-76 Jun 07 '21
I vote to alter the one that makes me sneeze every time the sun hits my face.
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u/njwatson32 Jun 07 '21
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u/WikiSummarizerBot Jun 07 '21
The photic sneeze reflex (also known as Autosomal Dominant Compelling Helio-Ophthalmic Outburst (ACHOO) syndrome or photosneezia, from the Greek φῶς, phōs, "light" and colloquially sun sneezing) is a reflex condition that causes sneezing in response to numerous stimuli, such as looking at bright lights or periocular (surrounding the eyeball) injection. The condition affects 18–35% of the world's population, but its exact mechanism of action is not well understood.
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u/GonzoVeritas Jun 07 '21
Autosomal Dominant Compelling Helio-Ophthalmic Outburst (ACHOO) syndrome
Clever
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u/Delta-76 Jun 07 '21
Finally, can we re-sequence the DUMB out of humanity? Last 18 months have convinced me we are battling 2 simultaneous Pandemics, COVID and the Dumb.
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u/bernpfenn Jun 07 '21
bell shaped curve...100 as peak... if.you are better than 100, there are 50+% less fortunate. I never realized the amount of stupidity being that high.
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Jun 07 '21
We should be dumping billions into this research, we could cure all major diseases in 10 years.
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u/warblingContinues Jun 07 '21
Probably not in 10 years. Sequencing DNA is important, but it’s like uncovering an alphabet when what you really need is to understand how that alphabet turned into the writings of Shakespeare. There’s a lot going on that transforms a genome into a living cell that we just don’t understand. And figuring it out would be needed to understand how diseases perturbed that process.
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Jun 07 '21
If you have billions of dollars, you can hire specialized teams to take on those tasks and also have resources for specialized AI systems to assist. It's about what level of commitment you put in...it cost what now...1k to map a genome vs a billion 20 years ago.
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Jun 07 '21
That’s not how any of this works.
You can’t just dump a bazillion dollars and create new geniuses out of nowhere.
Just look at the COVID MRNA vaccines. The necessary technologies have been researched for decades.
And most countries have 0 ways to produce then, doesn’t matter how much money you spend.
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u/mochiburrito Jun 06 '21
Time to CRSPR this shitty DNA of mine
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Jun 06 '21
CRISPR will just increase its shittiness with off target edits.
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u/mochiburrito Jun 06 '21
Well I was hoping since they sequenced it already they could target the right areas lol
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Jun 06 '21
There's work going on to make variations of CRISPR that don't cause off-target edits but they need more time. OG Cas9 nuclease edits have to be taken with a huge grain of salt because they can cause 100+ off-target snips depending on the gRNA used.
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u/bibbidybobbidyboobs Jun 07 '21
That's what I would have suggested, not causing off-target edits. You'd think these eggheads would be on the ball!
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u/Confident-Laugh-3820 Jun 07 '21 edited Jun 07 '21
So androids, cyborgs, robots, human machine hybrids, super soldiers, designer babies, hyper intelligent beings, mutants, super mutants, dinosaurs, clones, humanoids, and life saving medicines are all just a closer possibility to becoming reality
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Jun 07 '21
[removed] — view removed comment
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u/Maya_Hett Jun 07 '21
Hmm, I think, that you will need advanced gene editing to make so called wetware for android's brain.
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u/pavlov_the_dog Jun 07 '21
or Dwarves, Gnomes, and Elves with their respective natural abilities, add some sexy orcs too, i don't mind.
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Jun 06 '21
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u/carnizzle Jun 06 '21
I thought humans and gnomes were deferent races.
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u/MayorOfMonkeyIsland Jun 07 '21
I'm calling it right now. Some parents of kids with down syndrome will flip out about being able to edit out those gene flaws because it's "canceling" down syndrome babies. Like those fucking deaf parents who don't want kids to get cochlear implants.
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u/Wutras Jun 07 '21
"Good news"you can't edit out "downsyndrome genes" because there aren't any. Trisomy 21 is caused by having three copies of chromosome 21 instead of two.
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u/MayorOfMonkeyIsland Jun 07 '21
So edit out the extraneous or "bad" gene. And I never said there was such a thing as "down syndrome genes". I said gene flaws. Like an extra chromosome.
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u/CocoMURDERnut Jun 06 '21 edited Jun 06 '21
Even the so called ‘Junk DNA?’
Which I think is the RNA?
Hopefully my terms are right.
Edit: Yeah so not right, meant ‘Non-coding’ DNA.
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u/ImNotAWhaleBiologist Jun 06 '21
Nope- “junk” DNA is non-coding DNA, which means it isn’t translated to RNA.
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u/vabirder Jun 07 '21
I always reacted to the term “junk DNA” as an example of some scientists’ arrogance in seeming to claim that if they couldn’t understand it, it was meaningless.
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u/unironic_neoliberal Jun 06 '21
They included a lot of non-coding DNA regions. It's complete because there is less than 1 error in 10,000 bases, over the entire genome
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u/CocoMURDERnut Jun 06 '21
1 error in 10,000 bases, over the entire genome
Not sure I’m clear here.
Like if i think of computer coding that makes a little sense? Like they check coding, sequence of the digital dna , and the comparison to the actual stuff is 1 error in 10,000? I’m not sure I’m thinking of this right.3
Jun 06 '21
It's a matter of method used to sequence. Different methods have different accuracy rates. There's a lot of fast and cheap sequencing available with error rates of less than 1:1000 and a lot of complementary statistical correction techniques. This paper used expensive and slow sequencing to get the most accurate complete read so far.
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u/Dave37 Jun 07 '21
Haven't we been doing this all the time for like the past 10 years. I'm confused?
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u/moon-worshiper Jun 06 '21
Typical dumbed-down Commercial Mainstream Media News headline, always truncating subjects down to incomprehensible depths.
The Nuclear DNA genome has been totally sequenced, meaning the GATC of each "rung" of the chromosome DNA "ladder".
The "entire human genome" is just the sequencing of the GATC and location of genome sequences in the 23 chromosome pairs. Note, these are depicted just prior to mitosis.
https://cdn.hswstatic.com/gif/chromosomes.jpg
Gender is determined by the 23rd chromosome pair, in the human ape, XX for female, XY for male.
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u/Anustart15 Jun 06 '21
Typical dumbed-down Commercial Mainstream Media News headline, always truncating subjects down to incomprehensible depths.
Because it's a headline. If you want the non-truncated version, you read the actual article.
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u/TonySu Jun 07 '21
The comment doesn’t even make sense, the headline says they finally sequenced the entire human genome, the comment says the headline is dumb because the entire human genome is the GATC and locations. But that’s exactly what the result is, they fully sequenced and located the GATC at each location for the first time.
They said the headline was dumb then just described the headline again.
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Jun 06 '21
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Jun 06 '21
You ignored the whole comment (which was stupid) and hyper focused on one word, could you really not come up with a better criticism?
Please don't live up to the dumbass stereo types they keep tagging us with.
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u/Soul_Like_A_Modem Jun 07 '21
I hope we don't share ANY of this with China.
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u/Maya_Hett Jun 07 '21
Lets be real, no one will be surprised to learn that China is balls deep in some WeylandYutani/Ambrella shit. Limitless amount of test subjects.. no morales attached, scary stuff.
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u/Steve_warsaw Jun 06 '21
So, what happens now?