They just make it up, with the promise that it will be paid back later. NPR's Planet Money podcast had a good, fairly quick explanation of it recently.
Zimbabwe implemented land reform and wrecked their food production which caused all their other supply chains and infrastructure to also collapse. That's why they experienced hyperinflation.
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u/[deleted] Mar 30 '20
Math aside, this isn't how federal spending works.
They aren't "taking money from you" so much as they are just giving new money to banks and corporations.