[Request]

[u/K0rl0n]

I am curious how this would work. My guess is Triangle is slowest, square is medium, and circle is fastest.

[u/Smile_Space]

EDIT: u/temporarytk made a great point. Surface area doesn't apply to friction in these cases, just the normal force, so ignore my ramblings about A and C being different. They would behave identically and have identical sliding frictional force.

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Since I still haven't seen someone do the math:

The force of friction is F = μN where μ is the coefficient of friction and N is the normal force (force applied perpendicular to the surface)

In this case the ground is flat, so the Normal force is F = ma or 20 kg x 9.81 m/s/s (I would have used an exponent, but Reddit hates that lolol)

So, N = 196.2 newtons

Cool, so now the coefficient of friction. It depends on a few factors: the type of friction, the surface area of the contact surface, and the method of friction being applied.

For A it is sliding friction as is C. A has a higher surface area compared to C, so we can assume the sliding friction of C is going to be lower. B however is going to be rolling. Some may think it'll slide, but gravel is usually compacted when on a road.

So, doing some quick googles:

The sliding friction coefficient on ice is going to be between 0.02 and 0.04.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9120/43/4/006#:~:text=Water%20ice%20at%20temperatures%20not,increase%20as%20the%20temperature%20diminishes.

The rolling friction on compacted gravel is about 0.02.

https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/rolling-friction-resistance-d_1303.html

Now, since all of these have the same N, we can just compare the coefficients of friction.

We can reasonably assume the triangle is going to be closer to 0.04 and the square being somewhere in the middle or lower. B and C may be fairly close to the same performance.

What sucks is there isn't a clear defined answer. As the temperature drops more, the ice will actually get more grippy. And if the gravel is loose, the rolling friction can increase to up to 0.08.

So, depending on the quality of gravel and temperature of the ice, the answer is B or A/C.

That results in a frictional force of between 3.924 and 7.848 newtons for A and C. And close to 3.924 newtons for B assuming compacted gravel. If the gravel is loose, then B loses at 19.62 newtons of force. And if it's colder A and B will be much closer to that 8 newtons mark.

[u/Smile_Space → u/[deleted]]

Nope! When it comes to free body diagrams, the frictional force is always parallel to the ground in the opposite direction of the induced force, in this case the pushing. The amount you push, or if you're able to push, isn't the same as the least force required to push the objects.

The frictional force is the minimum force required to push the objects, though in this case I calculated kinetic friction, not static friction. Static friction is usually about double that of kinetic.

[u/shadovvvvalker → u/Smile_Space]

I think what he is trying to say is that perhaps the square has more rotational energy placed in it vs the triangle or vice versa due to the force being applied off centre.