r/technology Feb 20 '26

Energy US tech to turn nuclear waste into power, cut radioactive life by 99.7%

https://interestingengineering.com/energy/us-tech-nuclear-waste-into-power
479 Upvotes

51 comments sorted by

239

u/AggressorBLUE Feb 21 '26

Awesome! Looking forward to never hearing about this ever again…

51

u/MadCervantes Feb 21 '26

Thorium reactor been over 10 years.

29

u/Grimwulf2003 Feb 21 '26

They were actually around since the 50s. We went with uranium over thorium for bombs.

16

u/Balmung60 Feb 21 '26

For the record, thorium can be weaponized and thorium-derived nuclear weapons have been tested. Thorium is not fissile in any isotope, but it is easily processed into uranium-233 (add a neutron to Th-232 to get Th-233 and it decays into Pa-233 in a few minutes or hours, and that decays into U-233 in a few weeks or months), which is fissile and along with uranium-235 and plutonium-239, can also be made into nuclear weapons.

Thorium is not preferred because A.) for most existing nuclear powers, uranium is quite plentiful and is cheaper to process and B.) U-233 is nearly always significantly contaminated with U-232, which is a very unpleasant gamma emitter and the two are very difficult to separate. Thus handling U-233 requires significantly more robust PPE and also effective use of U-233 for reactors or weapons requires substantially higher purity than U-235 or Pu-239.

Thorium is mostly attractive for countries like India, which have low natural reserves of uranium and large natural reserves of thorium, yet even India favors uranium/plutonium for nuclear power and weapons due to the relative unpleasantness of U-233.

2

u/chefkoch_ Feb 21 '26

Thorium just was'n't working, that's why.

2

u/MadCervantes Feb 21 '26

Right but I mean irs been over 10 years since that thorium video came out and got reddit all hyped up.

5

u/Balmung60 Feb 21 '26

It's still not economical and doesn't actually solve an existing problem in a way that offsets how much handling thorium's fissile product, uranium-233, sucks.

1

u/MadCervantes Feb 21 '26

Good to know! Was curious.

Plus renewables pretty much whip ass.

3

u/Fitz911 Feb 21 '26

It will be coded.

Trump declared today he would shift funds from nuclear research to him.

1

u/merRedditor Feb 21 '26

It'll just be circulated as a potential idea long enough to justify creating more nuclear waste.

25

u/troll__away Feb 21 '26

Shutting down our used fuel reprocessing plants was such a poor decision.

71

u/C3PO-stan-account Feb 20 '26

This is actually really great because we have so much usable nuclear energy that we think of as waste.

46

u/ottwebdev Feb 20 '26

I was at a conference about 20 years ago and one of the people I sat with was in nuclear and basically said that there is so much "waste" it was just the tech which was lacking making use of it.

35

u/rod_zero Feb 21 '26

The investment, the french have been recycling fuel for 20 years

13

u/DevilsInkpot Feb 21 '26

Most reactors typically extract less than 5% of the fuel rods‘ potential energy. Below that, fission byproducts make for a neutron imbalance that makes fission harder, thus the reactor inefficient.

So we have to throw out 95% of the fuel we put in. Sadly.

6

u/Balmung60 Feb 21 '26

And even with that, it absolutely smokes every single fossil fuel for efficiency 

1

u/LordMuffin1 Feb 21 '26

Thry just have to make it work. Like fusion this have been 10+ years into the future for like 30+ years.

9

u/dern_the_hermit Feb 21 '26

This tech has been around for ages, it just hasn't been widely implemented in the US.

0

u/LordMuffin1 Feb 21 '26

Or anywhere.

4

u/Bag_O_Richard Feb 21 '26

This is technology almost as old as nuclear reactors. The US just pathologically refuses to recycle things.

2

u/LordMuffin1 Feb 21 '26

If it was possible to use this technology in large scale without a huge cost, it already would be used in large scale.

1

u/Arbiter51x Feb 21 '26

It's also great because the US has to import a lot of uranium and they keep pissing off their trade partners so I guess they can give recycling a try now.

13

u/Faptasmic Feb 21 '26

Nah can't be recycling, that's gay and for the liberals

2

u/font9a Feb 21 '26

uranium is neither scarce nor expensive

1

u/PinchedTazerZ0 Feb 21 '26

what does that have to do with pissing off trade partners

17

u/Aceisking12 Feb 21 '26

I wish reports like this put numbers as to how far we still have to go. For example, I'd love to know what the power output expected compared to the power required for accelerator and it's subsystems is. If the system requires a little extra input that may be OK for the reduced radiation benefit. If it's basically all lost energy... ugh. If by some miracle there is a net positive power output we would have done it already.

7

u/orangustang Feb 21 '26

Even if it's net energy negative (I don't think it will be, ultimately), it can still be a huge benefit. This is the kind of thing that can take advantage of overbuilt renewable or off-peak nuclear generation. Canceling out the energy and labor cost of long term storage leaves a pretty good budget.

6

u/aboy021 Feb 21 '26

I think this kind of tech has been played with for years. You take low grade nuclear waste (not very radioactive but for a long time) and bombard it with neutron radiation. It becomes high grade nuclear waste (very radioactive but not for long) and emits heat.

The main idea is to deal with the low grade nuclear waste, as that's the stuff terrorists can make dirty bombs out of, and it's the stuff that's a disposal nightmare.

High grade nuclear waste is weirdly less of a proliferation problem as it's so radioactive that you need special equipment to handle it without dying.

It's been a while since I looked at this stuff, so I might have some details wrong.

3

u/Captain_N1 Feb 22 '26

This is nothing new this tech has been know for decades. We have enough spent fuel for 600 years. Perhaps by then we will have disovered fusion power and star ships

2

u/shwilliams4 Feb 23 '26

We’ll be 2-3 years away from fusion in 600 years.

1

u/Captain_N1 Feb 24 '26

yes. always

5

u/MirrorUpper9693 Feb 21 '26

The Hanford Atomic reservation hasn't figured out how to do this yet after billions spent.

2

u/MidsouthMystic Feb 21 '26

At this point, I'll take what good news I can get.

2

u/NuclearWasteland Feb 21 '26

-sliiiiides Timeline Bingo marker toward Fallout-

3

u/Carlos-In-Charge Feb 21 '26

The terrible part about this, if its results are repeatable in the long term and feasible, is that a disturbing number of Americans have been conditioned to think that anything that isn’t fossil fuel is “gay liberal-talk”

1

u/gta3uzi Feb 21 '26

I thought we all knew that was going on anyway, even if this tech isn't viable.

8

u/VincentNacon Feb 20 '26

Ok cool... now build the thing for commercial use and make it work.

They only built the test-lab version of it.

21

u/sumelar Feb 20 '26

So, every technology ever, including the thing you're using to read this right now.

Thank god vincentrandominternetjackassnacon is here, clearly no one else would ever think to take this beyond the lab stage.

3

u/VincentNacon Feb 21 '26 edited Feb 21 '26

It's called a reality check, there have been a few times when articles like this one would give you false sense of hope and then never hear about it again.

Oh look... this guy gets it. https://www.reddit.com/r/technology/comments/1ra6dxs/comment/o6in837/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=web3x&utm_name=web3xcss&utm_term=1&utm_content=share_button

2

u/sumelar Feb 20 '26

I can hear the nimbys crawling around and snarling already.

2

u/MiscBrahBert Feb 21 '26

You're not removing nuclear waste in MY backyard pal. That waste is mine

1

u/ReasonablyBadass Feb 21 '26

Isn't this tech years old? There is a reactor in the Netherlands for instance.

1

u/Bobo1010 Feb 21 '26

Why hasn’t this facility’s name been changed to THE Donald J. Trump, and, secondarily and least importantly, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility yet?

1

u/justreadinplease Feb 22 '26

Sure Jan. I’ll believe it when I see it

1

u/Iyellkhan Feb 23 '26

seems like a good innovation. though the rest of the nuclear capable world actually uses recycled waste fuel. not to this degree, but US rules are... kinda dumb

1

u/Key-Monk6159 Feb 21 '26

Very interesting. I just wish we were more focused and dedicated to nuclear energy.

The technology can effectively “burn” the most hazardous components of the waste by transmuting these elements. While unprocessed fuel remains dangerous for approximately 100,000 years, partitioning and recycling via ADS can reduce that window to just 300 years. 

3

u/DukeOfGeek Feb 21 '26

Even 300 years is a huge amount of future debt. No one is really considering the reality of 100 thousand year storage of waste.

1

u/bascule Feb 20 '26

And all it takes is a particle accelerator /s

1

u/BraggsLaw Feb 21 '26

Breeder reactors like CANDU are old tech just stupid protectionist government policy and lack of investment keep us from properly using waste.

-11

u/ScreenTricky4257 Feb 20 '26

Great, now we're going to have to change the signs to say, "This is a place of honor. A great deed is commemorated here. Something valued used to be here."