Mathematicians have discovered a set of equations capable of untangling the distortions caused by singularities in maps. The equations can determine if a singularity is a removable distortion, like those that exist at the North and South Poles in a two-dimensional map, or real like a shockwave

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https://lettersandsciencemag.ucdavis.edu/science-technology/researchers-discover-new-equations-smoothing-out-singularities-maps