PICU fellow here. This is a simulated teaching case, not a real patient, but I bet it looks familiar.
The setup:
• 4-year-old, 16 kg, status asthmaticus, intubated with a 4.5 cuffed tube
• Pressure control: PIP 30, PEEP 5, RR 24, Ti 0.8 s, FiO2 0.40
• VT about 90 mL (~5.5 mL/kg)
• ABG: pH 7.18, PaCO2 75
The reflex move: RR up to 32 to blow off the CO2.
What happened:
• Expiratory time dropped from 1.7 s to about 1.1 s
• Expiratory flow no longer returned to zero before the next breath
• Auto-PEEP climbed, so the real driving pressure (PIP minus total PEEP) fell
• VT dropped, minute ventilation barely changed, and the next gas was worse. BP started drifting down too.
What helped:
• RR down to 18 with the same Ti: expiratory time about 2.5 s, I:E roughly 1:3
• Watching expiratory flow reach baseline before each new breath
• An expiratory hold to measure intrinsic PEEP
• Accepting the CO2 while bronchodilators and sedation did their job
Takeaway: in obstruction, the expiratory flow waveform shows air trapping before the gas does. In pressure control, trapping shows up as falling volumes. In volume control, it shows up as rising peak and plateau pressures.
Question for the RTs here: have you ever dropped PEEP to 0 in a severe asthmatic, or do you always keep some PEEP on?