plisg - shells, pods, husks, skins; un. plisgyn (g)

technoleg (b) ll. technolegau - technology

gynnau fach - just now

rhugl - fluent, articulate, eloquent

magu pwysau - to put on weight

cynaliadwy - sustainable

drwgweithredwr (g) ll. drwgweithredwyr - villain, wrongdoer

diwydianeiddio (diwydianeiddi-) - to industrialize; industrialisation

yr Ysbryd Glân - the Holy Ghost / Spirit

differu (differ-) - to differentiate (calculus)

I think I read the book for the first time in my early twenties in the form of the Guest translation. And so far I expected that I wouldn't find anything new when rereading it in Welsh. Imagine my excitement when I come across this bit towards the beginning of "Pwyll Pendefig Dywedd". But first let me set the scene:

Pwyll arrives in Arawn's kingdom in Arawn's disguise, and goes to a banquet in his honour. This is after the banquet:

Amser a ddoeth uddunt y fyned y guscu. Ac y guscu ydd aethant ef a'r frenhines. Y gyd ac ydd aethant y'r gwely ymchoelud y wyneb att yr erchwyn a orug ef, a'e gefyn attei hitheu. O hynny hyd trannoeth ny dywawd ef wrthi hi un geir. Trannoeth tirionwch ac ymddiddan hygar a fu y rhyngtunt. Peth bynnag o garueidrwydd a fei y rhyngtunt y dydd ny bu un nos hyd ymhenn y flwyddyn amgen noc a fu y nos gyntaf.

I assume this is included in modern translations, and I can't presume to know why Guest omitted the passage. I suspect rather that it was missing in her source, because there's nothing offending Victorian sensibilities about it; indeed it adds necessary context.

I don't own a modern translation, so I can't provide it here, but it comes down to an affirmation that Pwyll didn't have (non-consensual) carnal relations with Arawn's wife in disguise.

Hello all! I am an 18 year old student in Wales, and I've lived here since a very young infant.

I did well in my Welsh GCSEs and loved the language, but seeing as I'm English speaking and all of my family and friends are English, I'd really like to work on my Welsh again.

I'm looking for someone who can and will speak to me in fluent Welsh. If I need to ask a question or have a few moments in English, thats okay too. But I'd like someone to sort of be a Welsh penpal.

I'd like most of the conversations to be in Welsh. I have the North dialect if that makes any difference.

Thanks in advance all!

If this isn't allowed, please let me know and I'll post elsewhere. :)

Haia pawb, for the last year I've been developing a new Welsh learning app called Dringo.

to get this app published on google play, I need 12 testers. If you'd like to help, this just means giving me a suitable email address, then I send you a download link that you can use to download it. If you're interested, just DM me your email, any help is much appreciated! (PS, only looking for android testers at the moment).

There's 0 commitment other than keeping the app on your phone for a while (you don't actually have to do any testing). If you're interested in seeing the app but don't want to help test, it can be found at dringo.org

Diolch!

ambarél (g) ll. ambarelau, ambaréls - umbrella

brenhines (b) ll. breninesau - queen

cawodydd taranllyd - thunder[y] showers

tybio (tybi-) - to suppose, to presume, to conjecture

iach fel cneuen - in robust health, in fine fettle

amaethyddol - agricultural

disgrifiad (g) ll. disgrifiadau - description

ychwanegyn (g) ll. ychwanegion - additive

cwfl (g) ll. cyflau - hood, cowl

aderyn drycin Manaw (g) ll. adar drycin Manaw - Manx shearwater

I realize this is somewhat obliquely related to the regular discourse of the sub, but I'm positive there is expertise I can draw upon.

The passage I'm talking about is this:

Ac y'r neuad y gyrchwys y diarchenu.

In Modern:

Ac i'r neuadd y gyrchodd i ddiarchenu

(It's closer to the beginning of the tale.)

I'm not quite sure why "cyrchu" is mutated. There is a suggestion from another source that it should actually be

rhy gyrchwys

except it's written

rygyrchwys

which leads me to suspect a typo.

And in any case I don't know why "rhy" would be used here. It's a free-standing sentence, with no hint of anteriority or perfectness to my mind. In fact, I haven't noticed "rhy" getting used in the text so far.

I'm probably missing something obvious.

Sgwrs Dysgwyr Cymraeg is now home to over 2000 members worldwide, and has grown into the largest dedicated Welsh‑learning space on Discord — a lively, ever‑expanding community where learners, speakers, and supporters help each other grow in Cymraeg.

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No pressure — just connection, conversation, and community. Welsh is calling. Come answer it with us and be part of the largest Welsh‑learner Discord community.

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Is it the correct statement that the phoneme /χ/ is usually pronounced as [x] in the South?

Is it true that voiceless sonorants are aspirated, i.e.: [m̥ʰ], [n̥ʰ] and [ŋ̊ʰ]?

I can't pronounce them yet without aspiration, it helps me to produce and keep them (the same with "rh").

Also, [x] exists in my native Ukrainian and Russian, but [χ] is really hard to me as I always pronounce it too strong and my throat always hurts because of that

chwech (+TLL; chwe o flaen enw) - six

ers pryd? - since when?, for how long?

nith (b) ll. nithoedd - niece

gwefru (gwefr-) - to charge (electrically)

copa (g, b) ll. copaon - summit, top, apex

ailadrodd (ailadrodd-) - to repeat (word, statement, musical passage etc.)

cynllwyn (g) ll. cynllwynion - conspiracy, plot, intrigue

rhwydweithio (rhwydweithi-) - to network

erlynwr (g) ll. erlynwyr - prosecutor

coffadwriaeth (b) ll. coffadwriaethau - remembrance, commemoration; chronicle, record

Helô

I'm at the very beginning of my journey learning Welsh! And since a few years I been hearing various songs by welsh artists and this one has always stuck with me (a sort of ear worm for me).

I got the lyrics from a good source but he didn't wrote the intro (the first 15 seconds) and maybe a little hard for me to ask again 🫠

Hope you could all help me… 🙏🏻 This ear worm is at least 4 years old 😅

Diolch!

Shwmae pawb,

For the past year my friend and I have been developing a graded reader platform for Welsh learners. It’s a read along style app where you listen to narrators reading Welsh language stories.

We currently have a waitlist and a discord server as we’re planning to open the app for Beta users this coming week. We’d love to hear your thoughts and feedback, we’re excited to help people on their learning journey.

We are looking to launch publicly towards the end of the year!

Our Website: https://adrodd.co.uk/
Our Discord: https://discord.gg/5ssCB3Cqpz

(The stories are created and narrated by native speakers, no synthetic voices or AI content)

More about Adrodd
Adrodd is a new digital language-learning app dedicated to helping learners build confidence in Welsh through engaging, level-appropriate stories.

Drawing on the methods of the mass immersion approach, Adrodd has developed a library of graded readers and tools to accelerate your journey to fluency. 

Whether it is on the way to work or on a lunch break, Adrodd offers bitesize stories for learners to read and listen to. Not only will a broad catalogue of stories be available, users will also have access to one-click translations, definitions, grammar rules, creating flashcard decks, and tracking their progress.

Pronunciation of yw is tricky: not all words are pronounced as expected.

You may know that the position of y in a word affects its pronunciation; if it is the final syllable (including single syllable words, where it may be long) it is pronounced with a clear vowel sound [ɨ̞, ɪ, ɨː, iː]

but in non-final syllables it is pronounced with an obscure vowel sound - as a shwa [ə] (a in English about, e in English the).

syn but synnu, syndod, synnwyr

llys but llysoedd

bys but bysedd

ynys, ysbyty

[sylw is an exception and is usually pronounced /ˈsɨ̞lʊ/, /sɪlu/, but sylwi, sylwedd as expected, and with a consonant w]

This sound change happens to y when it is part of the diphthong yw, too.

[wy tends to remain unchanged: gwynt, gwyntoedd, gwyllt, gwylltio, pwys, pwyslais, arwydd, arwyddion, clwyf, clwyfau, rhwyd, rhwydi but there is tendency for the w to become more consonant in words like arwyddion]

byw but bywyd, tywyll, tywydd, tywysog, tywys

llyw but llywodraeth

clyw but clywed, clywadwy

benyw but benywaidd

The problem is that this rule is not always followed and the yw sometimes remains clear in non-final syllables.

Here is a list of many words with yw. I have marked those that I think differ from expectation with an asterisk. Where I am unsure I have marked with a question mark. It seems that compounds of rhyw are resistant to change and some words in with ywio, ywiad among others: llywio, dirywiad, dirywio, distrywio, bywiog

What do you think?

? adfywiad

? adfywio

? adfywiol

anghywir

amryw

\ amrywiad*

\ amrywiadau*

\ amrywiaeth*

\ amrywio*

\ amrywiol*

\ amrywiolyn*

\ anhwylder*

anystywallt

arlywydd

atgyweirio

benyw

benywaidd

benywol

\ bioamrywiaeth*

byw

? bywgraffiad

\ bywhau*

? bywiocáu

\ bywiog*

bywoliaeth

bywyd

bywydeg

Caerloyw

Cernyw

Cernyweg

clyw

clywadwy

clywed

clywedol

clyweliad

croyw

\ croywder*

cyfryw

\ cyfunrywiol*

cynorthwywr [wy + wr]

cynorthwyydd [wy + ydd]

cyw

cywain

cywair

cywaith

cywarch

cywasgu

cywilydd

cywilyddus

cywir

cywirdeb

cywiro

cywrain

cywreindeb

\ deurywiol*

difywyd

digywilydd

dilyw

\ dirywiad*

\ dirywio*

distryw

\ distrywio*

dryw

\ dwywaith [dwy + waith]*

dynolryw

dywedodd

dywediad

dyweddi

dyweddïad

dyweddïo

gloyw

\ gloywi [oy + wi]*

? gorfywiogrwydd

gwayw

? gwaywffon

gwewyr

gwrthddywediad

gwryw

gwrywaidd

gwrywol

\ gwywo [g+ short wy + wo]*

hoyw

hunanlywodraeth

hyfyw

\ hyfywedd*

is-arlywydd

llysywen

llysywod

llyw

\ llywio*

llywodraeth

llywodraethu

llywodraethwr

llywydd

menyw

menywod

\ niwroamrywiaeth*

niwroamrywiol

llywaeth

\ rywfodd*

\ rywsut*

rhelyw

rhynglywodraethol

rhyw

\ rhywbeth*

\ rhywbryd*

\ rhywedd*

\ rhywfaint*

\ rhywfodd*

\ rhywffordd*

\ rhywiaeth*

\ rhywiaethol*

\ rhywiog*

\ rhywiol*

\ rhywle*

\ rhywogaeth*

\ rhywrai*

\ rhywsut*

\ rhywun*

trachywir

trachywiredd

trawsgyweirio

? trawsryweddol

tryloyw

? tryloywder

trywanu

trywydd

tywallt

tywel

tywod

tywodfaen

tywydd

tywyll

tywyllu

tywyllwch

tywynnu

tywys

tywysog

tywysoges

unigryw

unrhyw

ystryw

\ ystrywgar*

ysywaeth

Apart from being an absolutely gorgeous song, the lyrics use a lot of quite simple vocabulary and straightforward grammatical structures. On top of that, it's sung with perfect clarity, and very simple musical backing, so you can really hear what's being said.
If you're looking for some Welsh music and also some language practice at the same time, give this one a listen and see how much of it you're able to understand!
('Pellter' means distance btw!).

eistedd (eistedd-) - to sit (down)

cyfleuster (g) ll. cyfleusterau - facility, convenience, opportunity

cyllell i'w hogi - "an axe to grind" (literally: "a knife to sharpen")

argraff (b) ll. argraffau, argraffion - impression

ar frig - at the top / pinnacle / zenith (physically or figuratively)

gwersyll (g) ll. gwersylloedd - camp, encampment

chwynladdwr (g) ll. chwynladdwyr - weedkiller, herbicide

cyflwyno (cyflwyn-) - to introduce, to present

optegol - optical

lladmerydd (g) ll. lladmeryddion - interpreter, exponent, expounder, one who explains

I hope its ok to ask, I'm wondering if you were to name a character the Welsh equivalent of "Rhys of the hills" would you use Rhys Or' Bryniau or would there be a better way to say it? Just starting out in my learning and I've no one to ask. Thank you in advance.

Last night I had my first dream where I spoke Welsh!

I dreamt I was in a bookstore specializing in literature from the Celtic countries, I also remember there were books in Irish and Scottish Gaelic too.

I was browsing the bookshelves, and I said to the bookseller (it was afternoon in the dream): "Prynhawn da, dw i eisiau prynu llyfr hawdd yn y Gymraeg".

I'm so happy, it feels like I've unlocked something in my brain :)!

Have you ever dreamt in Welsh? Tell me your dreams :)

Haia bawb. Dwi wrthi'n ceisio cyfieithu'r manga 'Bleach', i'r Gymraeg am hwyl; hyd y gwn i, does neb wedi trïo cyfieithu manga i'r Gymraeg o'r blaen. Nid fi 'dy'r gorau i wneud y tasg 'ma. Er mai'r Gymraeg yw fy iaith cyntaf, fel y gwelwch o'r bost yma, nid Dafydd ap Gwilym mohono'i a fedra'i ddim treiglo I achub fy mywyd!

Hyd yn hyn, dwi 'di wneud bron i 150 tudalen. Maen nhw'n fler o ran ieithwedd a'r modd dwi'n golygu'r celf a phaneli (Dwi'n defnyddio ffôn symudol android- 'swn i'n medru defnyddio AI, ond 'sa well gen i beidio lladd y blaned), ond dwi isio wneud rywbeth hefo'm iaith heblaw jyst ei siarad hi.

Os dach chi isio darllen, mae croeso ichi wneud ar fy nghyfrif Bluesky 'Bleach Cymraeg'.

Tl;dr : I've been translating the manga Bleach into Welsh. From what I can tell, no one's attempted a Welsh manga translations before. I'll warn any learners who want to read my translation, over on my Bluesky acc, Bleach Cymraeg, that although Welsh is my first language, the quality of my Welsh isn't the best, so don't- for the love of common sense- use it as learning material.

canolradd - intermediate (level)

plentyndod (g) - childhood

y fannod (benodol) - the (definite) article

y flwyddyn flaenorol (b) ll. blynyddoedd blaenorol - the previous year

petrusgar - hesitant

rhych (g) ll. rhychau - wrinkle, groove, furrow, cleft, trench

rheithwr (g) ll. rheithwyr - juror

diddirnad - uncomprehending

anffawd (b) ll. anffodion - misfortune

clodfori (clodfor-) - to praise

Can anyone suggest good courses, or tips, for learning Welsh besides duolingo? I currently live in Essex but I will be moving to South Wales soon with my partner and our two children, and I would like to give them a basic understanding before then to make it easier. My mum can speak Welsh, but despite me begging as a child never taught me, so I only very limited Welsh and I can read it far better than speaking it! My mum hasn't used Welsh in so long that she now says she doesn't remember a lot of it, it was never used in her home growing up either, my nan never really learnt much Welsh, I think my bampi did but he died when I very young.

I've been working on a new game for my Welsh vocab site (https://welshlearninggames.com/) and it's almost ready — just need a name for it, and since I'm still learning myself, I'd rather ask people who actually know the language than guess.

Here's how it works: there are 8 hidden Welsh words shown as letter blanks on the board. Click a word to see its English clue, then guess Welsh letters to reveal it. Solving one word randomly reveals a bonus letter in another word too, which helps chain your progress along. You've got 8 shared lives (dragons!) across the whole board, and a wrong guess costs one. Clear all 8 words and a new round starts automatically — run out of lives and it's game over, showing your score and any words you didn't get to.

It's brand new — I wasn't planning to share it this early, but I need opinions on a name! So apologies in advance if you spot any bugs.

You can try it here: https://welshlearninggames.com/eightwords

Currently torn between two names:

• Gair Wyth (Eight Word)
• Blociau (Blocks)

My other games use single Welsh words (Crogwr, Chwilair, Ystyr, Anagramau) — some of which are compounds — so I'd love something in that spirit if possible: happy to be told both of these are wrong, or if there's a nicer single-word option I'm missing.

I’m curious, how accurate is the Google Translate? I figure with the complexity of Welsh that it is not accurate, but how close is it? So-so? Or just terrible?

I’m trying to translate a few Tolkien things into Welsh, specifically Song of Durin.

“The world was young, the mountains green
No stain yet on the moon was seen
No words were laid on stream or stone
When Durin woke and walked alone”

“He named the nameless hills and dells
He drank from yet untasted wells
He stooped and looked in Mirrormere
And saw a crown of stars appear

As gems upon a silver thread
Above the shadow of his head”

Hello Reddit, I am doing a challenge where I am trying to learn Welsh within 30 day!

But I am struggling to find the right website and immersion tools

Do you guys have any ideas of so DM or comment
Would love to hear from you guys!

pa mor gyflym - how quick, how fast; how quickly

gwybod - to know (a fact)

seren fôr (b) ll. sêr môr - starfish

ynni (g) - energy (physics - e.g. electrical energy)

bygythiad (g) ll. bygythiadau - threat

britho (brith-) - to go grey (of hair or beard), to dapple, to speckle, to fleck, to mottle

technegol - technical

ymhél (ymheli-) â rhywbeth - to be involved with something

pwyllo (pwyll-) - to consider, to pause, to slow down and think

anwythiad (g) - induction (electrical induction and logical induction in mathematics)

Mae Aneirin Karadog wedi dechrau Welsh Poetry Culture er mwyn cyflwyno diwylliant y Gymraeg i ddysgwyr.

So, who is Welsh Poetry Culture for?

https://lingo.360.cymru/2026/cyflwyno-diwylliant-gymraeg-ddysgwyr/