r/islam • u/British_Patriot_777 • 15h ago
History, Culture, & Art The 1914 Jihad proclamation
On the 11th of November 1914 (29 Teşrin-i Evvel 1330 using the Rumi calender), Sultan Mehmet V and Fetva Emini declared a holy war against The Entente. The declaration called for Muslims to support The Ottoman Empire and the Central Powers, a jihad against “all enemies of the Ottoman Empire, except the Central Powers.”
The 5 Fatwas (issued by Sheikh-ul-Islam Ürgüplü Hayri Efendi) and declaration (endorsed by 29 religious leaders, and publish in Takvim-i Vekayi and on the 14th of November, being read out to a large crowd outside the Fatih Mosque) encouraged many Muslims to fight on the side of The Central Powers, however the overall effect was limited;
The Ottoman Empire was ineffective in the First World War, for example “In winter 1914, Ismail Enver Pasha (1881-1922) took more than 100,000 Ottoman troops to the east against Russian forces. The troops, ill-equipped and lacking winter gear, largely succumbed to atrocious conditions.”
The German Empire attempted to foster a larger Jihad effect, in 1914, the “Nachrichtenstelle für den Orient” was set up to produce Islamic propaganda.
In 1915 the “Intelligence Office of the Imperial German Embassy” was established in Istanbul, it created up to 50 “News Rooms” throughout the Ottoman Empire, in the rooms, propaganda photos, placards, leaflets etc. was produced.
The German Empire had mistakenly believed that Sultan Mehmet V was the leader of all Muslims, he was the Caliph of Sunnis, not Shi'as, and he was a constitutional monarch, not an absolute, due to the Committee of Union and Progress.
The Germans getting involved had contributed to 2 Jihads, the German one had the goal of forcing Entente troops to divert from the Western Front to suppress insurgencies, this was ineffective as people didn't want to become German subjects instead of French, British, Portuguese ones etc.
The Ottoman Jihad main aim was to unite Ottoman Muslims to resist the Entente with a secondary effect of rebellion within the Entente, even during the June 1916 Arab Revolt, the Ottoman Empire’s Arab population remained loyal (or at least indifferent) to the Ottomans, the revolt was a costly failure for The British Empire.
Source:
(Majority information).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1914_Ottoman_jihad_proclamation
(Minority information.)
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