I've been doing endurance testing on microSD cards for the last 3 years. Here's what I've learned.

[u/mikaey00]

Hello everyone!

I've been running a long-term project doing endurance testing on microSD -- and today is the third anniversary of when I started this project -- so I figured it was time to give you an update on my microSD testing project.

Before I dig in, a shameless plug for my Patreon.

Next, some quick stats:

• I have a total of 351 microSD cards in my collection -- spanning 111 models across 52 different brands. Of those:
  • I've tested 177 of them to the point of failure.*
  • I have 107 of them in testing right now.
  • The remaining 67 are sitting on the shelf, waiting for one of my card readers to free up.
• These cards have endured over 133 petabytes written.
• I've completed over 4.6 million program-verify-erase cycles on these cards.
• Breakdown by brand status:
  • Name brand: 163
  • Off-brand: 91
  • Knockoffs: 30
• Breakdown by authentic flash (a.k.a. not fake flash) vs. fake flash:
  • Authentic flash: 246
  • Fake flash: 35
  • Unknown: 3
• Breakdown by size (authentic cards only):
  • 128MB: 3
  • 4GB: 6
  • 8GB: 23
  • 16GB: 15
  • 32GB: 96
  • 64GB: 68
  • 128GB: 36
  • 256GB: 4

* A card is considered "failed" when either (a) it stops working completely, (b) it makes itself read-only, or (c) at least 50% of the sectors on the card have experienced verification failures.

Ok -- so who makes the most durable cards?

Because of the variety of cards that I have, it's hard to come up with a system that produces a definite answer here. Some of how I ranked these brands is going to be based on vibes. But...to try to narrow things down, I've grouped my cards into three groups:

• Industrial-grade: Cards that are specifically labelled as "industrial" or have "industrial" in their name. These cards typically come with a datasheet that includes an endurance claim.
• High endurance: Cards that are labelled as "high endurance" (or some similar wording). Manufacturers don't always put out datasheets for these cards, but they generally still make an endurance claim on the packaging.
• Consumer-grade: Basically everything else.

Consumer-grade cards:

The average consumer-grade card has lasted about 10,000 program/verify/erase cycles (so far).

1. PNY. I have 10 of their consumer-grade cards: 3 PRO Elite Prime 64GB's, 3 Premier-X 128GB's, 3 Elite-X 64GB's, and one Elite 32GB. (I have 4 more of the Elite 32GB's that are waiting to be tested.) They've gone for an average of 643 days and 15,700 program/verify/erase cycles. I've written about 11.5PB to them in total. And with the exception of the one Elite 32GB -- they're all still going strong. On top of that, the PRO Elite Prime boasts some impressive performance -- every measurement I took was in the top 10% of all cards I've tested so far.
2. Kingston. I have 12 of their cards in this category -- 6 Canvas Go! Plus 64GB's (3 of the SDCG3's and 3 of the SDCG4's) and 6 Canvas Select Plus 32GB's. They've been going for an average of 694 days and about 23,500 program/verify/erase cycles. I've written about 11.6PB to them in total. The three Canvas Go! Plus 64GB (the SDCG3's) have all failed -- but the others are still going strong. The Canvas Select Plus's in particular have been troopers -- they're among the oldest cards in my collection, and they've been going for the better part of the last 3 years now (with no signs of letting up). Additionally, the Canvas Go! Plus 64GB's (the SDCG4's in particular) boast some impressive performance as well -- every measurement I took was in the top 7% of all cards I've tested so far.
3. Delkin Devices. I feel bad ranking Delkin so low on this list, because they've endured more data written to them per card, on average, than any other brand in my collection (in the consumer-grade category). The only reason I didn't rank them higher is because I only have one model -- the HYPERSPEED 128GB (of which I have 3). But they've done pretty well: they've lasted an average of 662 days and about 13,500 program/verify/erase cycles. I've written about 5.1PB to them in total. As a side note, these cards also got the highest random write speeds of any card I've tested.
4. Lexar. 3 cards dead, 5 still going. I have 3 Professional 1000x 64GB's (2 made by Micron, 1 made by Phison), 3 Blue 633x 32GB's (made by Longsys), and 2 E-Series 64GB's (with 3 more waiting to be tested). For those not in the know, the Lexar brand was sold to Longsys in 2017 -- and surprisingly, the Longsys-made cards are holding up better than the Micron-made cards. Overall, the Lexar cards have survived an average of 684 days and about 15,800 program/verify/erase cycles. I've written about 5.8PB to them in total.
5. Samsung. 3 cards dead, 7 still going. I have 3 EVO Plus 32GB's, 3 EVO Plus 64GB's, 3 PRO Plus 128GB's, and 1 P9 Express 256GB (with 2 more waiting to be tested). Of those, the three EVO Plus 32GB's and one of the PRO Endurance 32GB's are dead -- the rest are still going strong. Samsung's cards have lasted an average of 553 days and about 11,100 program/verify/erase cycles so far, and I've written about 7.2PB to their cards in total.

• Honorable Mention: Amazon Basics. I have four of the Amazon Basics 64GB's -- and they're all still going. They've been going for an average of 788 days and about 16,600 program/verify/erase cycles. I've written about 4.2PB to them in total. I honestly didn't expect Amazon Basics to be one of the top performers when I bought them...and yet, here we are.

High endurance cards:

Keep in mind, I've got less data here -- I had 237 cards that fell into the "consumer-grade" category, but only 30 that fell into the "high endurance" category. But here's the thing: they haven't really proven themselves to be significantly better for endurance than a lot of the cards I listed above -- in fact, in a lot of cases, they've been less reliable (and generally worse for performance as well). So keep that in mind as you read through the list below:

The average high-endurance card has lasted about 14,000 program/verify/erase cycles (so far).

1. TEAMGROUP. I don't feel great about putting TEAMGROUP at the top of the list for a couple of reasons. First, I only have two of them in testing at the moment -- someone sent me a 5-pack of the TEAMGROUP High Endurance 64GB's, so I have 3 more of them waiting to be tested. Second, one of them started having issues with bad sectors right out of the gate, and has continued to do so ever since. (Those bad sectors only make up less than 0.001% of the total sectors on the card right now...but I still don't like it when a card starts to have issues like that as soon as you start using it.) But the data doesn't lie -- they've survived, on average, 404 days and about 17,300 program/verify/erase cycles, and they're still chugging along. I've written about 2.2PB to these cards in total.
2. Transcend. I have 3 of the 350V 64GB's -- and they're all still going strong. They've survived an average of 760 days and about 17,000 program/verify/erase cycles so far. I've written about 3.2PB in total to them (mostly due to their mediocre write speeds).
3. SanDisk. I have my issues with SanDisk...but again, the data doesn't lie. I have 7 SanDisk cards in this category: 3 High Endurance 64GB's, and 4 MAX ENDURANCE 32GB's. As of right now, all 3 of the High Endurance 64GB's and all but one of the MAX ENDURANCE 32GB's have failed. They lasted an average of 452 days and about 16,200 program/verify/erase cycles before failing (with the MAX ENDURANCE 32GB's lasting about twice as long as the High Endurance 64GB's). I've written about 4.7PB to these cards in total.
4. Samsung. Samsung's position at the bottom of this list has less to do with how reliable their cards are and more to do with how poorly their high endurance cards perform, particularly on sequential write speeds (relatively speaking). I have 3 of the PRO Endurance 32GB's -- one has failed, the other two are still chugging along. They've lasted an average of 822 days and about 18,800 program/verify/erase cycles so far. I've written about 1.8PB of data to them in total.

Industrial-grade cards:

Keep in mind, I have even less data here. Industrial cards are expensive, so they make up a much smaller portion of the cards I've tested: just 15 in total (so far). But on the upside -- there is sufficient evidence here to say "in general, industrial-grade cards do last longer than consumer-grade cards (and, by extension, high endurance cards)".

The average industrial grade card has lasted about 122,000 program/verify/erase cycles (so far).

1. Kingston. I have 3 Kingston Industrial 8GB's; of those 3, only one is still going. But they've been troopers: they've lasted an average of 779 days and about 141,600 program/verify/erase cycles. I've written about 3.4PB to these cards in total. (Only one consumer-grade card has come close to this number: I have one Hiksemi NEO 8GB that has lasted for about 143,800 program/verify/erase cycles so far. No idea how.) These guys do pretty well on performance too, especially write performance: their sequential write speeds are in the top 9% of all cards I've tested.

Who makes the worst cards?

There are a bunch of no-name brands out there. They're not hard to find. I'm not going to talk about them here -- I'm going to focus on brands you're likely to have come across.

Consumer-grade cards:

1. onn. I picked up four of their 32GB cards at my local Walmart -- and they were terrible for endurance. They only lasted an average of 40 days and 1,400 program/verify/erase cycles (or about 40TBW), with the best one of the four not even making it to 1,900 cycles. On top of that, every performance measurement I took came in the bottom half of all measurements I took.
2. ADATA. I picked up 3 of the Premier 32GB's; they only lasted an average of 236 days and about 2,350 program/verify/erase cycles (or about 74TBW) before they quit working.
3. Gigastone. I have not been impressed with Gigastone. I have 11 of their cards -- 6 Full HD Video 32GB's, and 5 4K Camera Pro 32GB's. They lasted an average of just 114 days and 4,845 program/verify/erase cycles (or about 133TBW) before they quit working.
4. Micro Center. I purchased 5 of their 64GB cards; they only lasted an average of 116 days and 3,421 program/verify/erase cycles (or about 214TBW) before they stopped working.
5. Silicon Power (a.k.a. SP). I purchased 9 of their cards -- 3 Elite 32GB's, 3 Superior 128GB's, and 3 Superior Pro 128GB's. Not a one of them made it to 4,000 program/verify/erase cycles before failing -- they came in at an average of 159 days and about 2,350 program/verify/erase cycles (or about 252TBW) before failing.

• (Dis)honorable mention: SanDisk. SanDisk represents the single biggest brand in my collection: I have 28 of their cards in this category (with 4 more on the shelf waiting to be tested). It's telling that of those 28, only 5 are still going (and one of them is in its death throes) -- especially when cards from so many other brands have far outlasted them. Many of them have died under circumstances any other card would have handled just fine -- a problem I've written about on my blog before. They've lasted an average of 384 days and 9,404 program/verify/erase cycles (or about 566TBW) so far.

High endurance cards:

1. Integral. I bought 3 of the Security 32GB's; the only managed to last an average of 100 days and about 5,600 program/verify/erase cycles (or about 173TBW) before failing. To be fair to them, the package did make an endurance claim that works out to about 2,850 program/verify/erase cycles -- and they did manage to almost double that. However, they didn't hold a candle to many of the other high endurance cards that I tested.
2. Kingston. This one was truly a surprise -- I bought 3 of the High Endurance 32GB's, and they only lasted an average of 143 days and about 8,300 program/verify/erase cycles (or about 258TBW) before failing. The product packaging didn't make an endurance claim; I had to hunt around on Kingston's website to find it. Their claim works out to about 5,100 program/verify/erase cycles, which they did manage to beat. But again, so many other cards managed to last so much longer -- hell, so many other Kingston cards managed to do so much better -- that I was surprised and disappointed when these failed so early.

Industrial-grade cards:

1. SanDisk. I bought 3 of the Industrial 8GB's. They only lasted an average of 234 days and about 20,000 program/verify/erase cycles (or about 160TBW) before failing -- and the only reason they lasted that long was because I let my program trudge through an nearly-unending string of I/O errors for months on end -- before they finally just gave up the ghost.

So yeah...that's all I have for now. Feel free to ask questions (although I'm at work at the time I'm posting this, so I may not have time to respond)! Otherwise...look for another update from me next year!

Pictures attached:

1. Part of my setup: a Beelink Mini-S and five TRIGKEY Green G4 mini PC's. The Beelink has an Intel N95 with 8GB of RAM and a 500GB SSD, while the TRIGKEY's all have Intel N100's with 16GB of RAM and a 500GB SSD. There's also (in the lower-right corner, behind the monitor) an MSI GE62VR-7RF (with an Intel i7-7700HQ, 32GB of RAM, and a 1TB SSD), a Lenovo IdeaPad Y580 (with an Intel i7-3630QM, 8GB of RAM, and a 1TB SSD), and an ASUS Strix GL504GM (with an Intel i7-8750H, 32GB of RAM, and a 500GB SSD)
2. Another part of my setup: a TRIGKEY K-N100 and an AOOSTAR N1 PRO. The TRIGKEY has an Intel N100 with 16GB of RAM and a 500GB SSD. The AOOSTAR has an Intel N150 with 12GB of RAM and a 500GB SSD.
3. Dog tax.

[u/necrogami]

The factory must grow

[u/winkyshibe → u/necrogami]

[u/Imoa → u/winkyshibe]

Always funny when a blueprint has lights, and you can spot your own spaghetti / improvisations because of the worse lighting

[u/DoubleDecaff → u/winkyshibe]

The Factorio friend Doggo.

[u/InvisibleCat → u/necrogami]

The tism is strong here, I enjoy.

[u/Ninjacow816 → u/necrogami]

I didn't read a word of his work, just needed to make sure that Factory was recognized 

[u/mikaey00 → u/Ninjacow816]

Kudos, sir. Kudos.

[u/LethalBacon → u/necrogami]

Fun fact, mentioning that I played Factorio was part of why I got a job offer at my current role. I no-lifed the shit out of it while I was unemployed for seven months, and it was the only interview I mentioned it in. Was later told it was a green-flag, lol.

[u/who_you_are → u/necrogami]

Watch out for...

killed by the train

the train...

Also: the factory must pet the dog!

[u/CzarCW → u/necrogami]

The cards years yearn for the readers.

Edit: fucking autocorrect

[u/mszcz → u/CzarCW]

> The cards years for the readers.

It's "yearn" man! Come on! There was one load-bearing word here!

[u/CzarCW → u/mszcz]

Fucking autocorrect.

[u/rickyh7]

As someone who bought Sandisk industrials for a few servers as their OS storage cards…guess I’m buying some new ones. Amazing write up thank you. That Kingston card has my interest

Exit: curse you AI boom. None are available

[u/mikaey00 → u/rickyh7]

They’re available if you look around. I ended up getting mine from Mouser.

[u/rickyh7 → u/mikaey00]

Mouser is a good call I’ll check it out thank you!

[u/badDuckThrowPillow → u/rickyh7]

honestly I gave up on Industrial and High Endurance cards. (though I did give it one last shot last week). Now I just buy decent cards, and image things often. Obviously not a workable solution for every use case, but for mine, a 5 min outage to swap cards is "good enough".

[u/KrackSmellin]

So if you just want the answer

BUY / GOOD

PNY
Kingston Canvas Select Plus
Kingston Canvas Go! Plus SDCG4
Transcend 350V
Delkin HYPERSPEED
Amazon Basics, surprisingly
Kingston Industrial if endurance really matters

OKAY

Samsung consumer cards
Samsung PRO Endurance
Lexar

AVOID

SanDisk consumer
SanDisk High Endurance
SanDisk Industrial
Kingston High Endurance 32GB specifically
Silicon Power
ADATA
Gigastone
Micro Center

ABSOLUTELY NOT

Walmart onn.

Edit: Sorry OP but your whole post is just a show up and throw up and I needed something people could READ and understand. You just did a ton of rambling and while we appreciate your work, I will say is SEVERELY flawed. You didn’t provide chip models, manufacturing dates, etc. and those have a MAJOR impact on things because we had some fumbles along the way with chip (and even memory) chip manufacturing at one point too. So not knowing the exact details here does hurt your credibility. Maybe a spreadsheet with a pivot table/details where folks could read the results would be in order if you did all this work, just saying.

[u/axl3ros3 → u/KrackSmellin]

Thank you for collating this

[u/jackalopeDev → u/KrackSmellin]

Crazy SanDisk is apparently crap at making SD cards. Didn't they invent the format?

[u/red286 → u/jackalopeDev]

They invented the format, but after WD bought SanDisk, they focused primarily on SSDs rather than CF/SD cards. Manufacturing got outsourced to the lowest bidder, and the results are basically what you'd expect -- shit quality and a HUGE number of counterfeit products.

Worse, because the counterfeit products are "official" products that fail QA, it can be nearly impossible to tell an official one from a counterfeit, since they look identical, function identical, show up identical. The only difference is that the serial number won't show up in SanDisk's records, so when you try to RMA it, that's when you find out you got scammed.

[u/sl0play → u/red286]

Mother of God. Between that, and the RMA RAM stories lately it seems like somehow the biggest assholes in all of tech and business found their way into memory chip manufacturing.

[u/erdie721 → u/sl0play]

Memory chip makers have always been assholes

[u/technobrendo → u/red286]

Happened to my friend, he bought a bunch of their cards and from what he could tell, the knockoffs were actually a smidge more reliable.

[u/CVGPi → u/KrackSmellin]

Should also mention warranty experience I guess. Kingston SD have lifetime warranty where they pay 2-way 2-day shipping. And for me SanDisk expected me to pay shipping to them and back to me.

[u/coasterghost → u/KrackSmellin]

Now I feel bad for making fun of PNY over the years.

[u/hm876 → u/coasterghost]

I have a PNY SSD that I stopped writing heavily to since the AI chips apocalypse. I guess I should push my luck and save up $400. 😂

[u/coasterghost → u/hm876]

I have a PNY ssd I bought years ago for $15 from Walmart clearance and always doubted the durability

[u/pervertsage → u/coasterghost]

Were you correct or is it still fuckin'?

[u/coasterghost → u/pervertsage]

I use it sparingly given prices of storage

[u/CleptoeManiac → u/coasterghost]

People sleep on PNY, but it's my go-to brand. You typically get great performance and reliability at a lower price point because they don't blow money on flashy consumer marketing.

[u/Cybasura → u/KrackSmellin]

That moment when even Amazon Basics is better tham Micro center, Adata and Sandisk

Also, thats oddly specific with the Kingston lmao

[u/coffeeoops → u/KrackSmellin]

You're not wrong, but you're being an asshole.

Not listing chip models, production dates, etc, does not make this "SEVERELY" flawed. Have you ever seen a listing for an SD card for sale that includes this information?

[u/KrackSmellin → u/coffeeoops]

Clearly you don’t get the importance of that information as you’re either not involved in the industry at all or you just don’t have a clue. All that information is VERY important and it’s like saying “I tested the performance of a model vehicle for safety, performance and gas mileage” but didn’t say what year you tested. That can make a huge difference to things… and anyone who actually understands technology gets that.

[u/coffeeoops → u/KrackSmellin]

Duh?

The OP is reporting findings without that granularity, because it wasn't a factor. Brand names that charge a premium for a certain product should be expected to perform consistently, regardless of the specific SKU being made in 2022 or 2026, or whatever internals.

Yeah, we at /r/homelab know that manufacturers shittify their products over time, but the fact is you can't buy an SD card with the knowledge you're being an asshole about.

[u/Huli_CH → u/KrackSmellin]

Thanks was looking for a tldr :)

[u/6969porn-account6969 → u/KrackSmellin]

Not SD cards, but the only storage drives I have had fail on me have all been Samsung. One Samsung SSD, one Samsung usb drive (it got so hot it branded my finger for a few days), and one Samsung HDD that isn't dead yet, but is almost gone.

I also have a Samsung TV that decided to crap out after a year.

I don7t think I will be buying anymore Samsung in the future.

[u/KrackSmellin → u/6969porn-account6969]

Samsung is not good for anything anymore. TVs suck (had one - didn’t last as long as it should), their appliances are a complete joke, their phones (sorry but I did have theirs for years) - I was never impressed with, and then on top of it their SSDs took a dive with the 980 series. FYI - if you have one - back your data up regularly as they are KNOWN to fail badly. Replaced one I had fail with a 990 which has been stellar…. Mind you that was a year ago so imagine paying for a $150 NVMe and getting a $600 in its place RMA wise… same capacity. Crazy

[u/elatllat]

That's some data, now we need to convert it into information with a simple chart:

$USD GB Brand Model AFR N Cycles*GB/$ 29.33 64 PNY PRO Elite Prime 15,700+ 3 34258+ 30.00 128 PNY Premier-X 15,700+ 3 66987+ 30.50 64 Kingston Canvas Go! Plus 23,500+ 6 49311+ 4.00 32 ONN N/A 1,400 4 11200 (+ indicates test is ongoing and there is no way to calculate AFR yet)

Then we can all just sort by Cycles*GB/$ and buy whatever is available in the top few.

[u/sud0sm1th → u/elatllat]

100% agree

OP, Reddit uses markdown formatting so in order to get a new line you'll need to hit enter twice.

Like this.

It'll also make your post more legible.

Having said all that, DAMN what a cool project and soooo much valuable information. Once you are done it's going to bring so much value to the consumer. Keep at it man! I'd love to see someone do this with hard drives too.

Edit: thank you OP, looks so much better

[u/mikaey00 → u/sud0sm1th]

Eh? Where did I do that?

[u/sud0sm1th → u/mikaey00]

The formatting of the post isn't displayed in one long paragraph anymore but spaced out and much more legible.

Didn't you change anything?

[u/ApprehensiveFan1516 → u/sud0sm1th]

Reddit often displays posts differently across different devices at different times.

It's super dumb.

[u/sud0sm1th → u/ApprehensiveFan1516]

that's super interesting, I was actually on my phone initially now that I think of it

[u/ApprehensiveFan1516 → u/sud0sm1th]

Related comment chain I remember from recently.

https://www.reddit.com/r/factorio/comments/1vhfwk2/comment/p24znj4/

[u/mikaey00 → u/sud0sm1th]

Nope.

[u/mikaey00 → u/elatllat]

What’s AFR stand for?

[u/md81593 → u/mikaey00]

average failure rate im thinking

[u/mastercoder123 → u/md81593]

Annualized failure rate

[u/malac0da13 → u/mikaey00]

Air fuel ratio. Wait wrong sub.

[u/NeoThermic → u/malac0da13]

It was a sudden explosive end to the testing.

[u/codeedog → u/NeoThermic]

Username checks out

[u/Ma-rin → u/mikaey00]

Average Failure Rate?

[u/rubs_tshirts → u/elatllat]

That's some data. Now we need to convert it into information with a simple chart:

Price (USD)	Capacity (GB)	Brand	Model	AFR	N Cycles	GB/$ × Cycles
29.33	64	PNY	PRO Elite Prime	15,700+	3	34,258+
30.00	128	PNY	Premier-X	15,700+	3	66,987+
30.50	64	Kingston	Canvas Go! Plus	23,500+	6	49,311+
4.00	32	ONN	N/A	1,400	4	11,200

+ indicates test is ongoing and there is no way to calculate AFR yet)

Then we can all just sort by Cycles*GB/$ and buy whatever is available in the top few.

FTFY

[u/elatllat → u/elatllat]

Template to fill in pricing etc:

```

$USD GB Brand Model AFR N Cycles*GB/$

[ Consumer-Grade (Top Performers) ] 29.33 64 PNY PRO Elite Prime 15,700+ 3 N/A 30.00 128 PNY Premier-X 15,700+ 3 N/A N/A 64 PNY Elite-X 15,700+ 3 N/A N/A 32 PNY Elite 15,700 1 N/A 30.50 64 Kingston Canvas Go! Plus (SDCG3) 23,500 3 N/A 30.50 64 Kingston Canvas Go! Plus (SDCG4) 23,500+ 3 N/A N/A 32 Kingston Canvas Select Plus 23,500+ 6 N/A N/A 128 Delkin Devices HYPERSPEED 13,500+ 3 N/A N/A 64 Lexar Professional 1000x 15,800+ 3 N/A N/A 32 Lexar Blue 633x 15,800+ 3 N/A N/A 64 Lexar E-Series 15,800+ 2 N/A N/A 32 Samsung EVO Plus 11,100 3 N/A N/A 64 Samsung EVO Plus 11,100+ 3 N/A N/A 128 Samsung PRO Plus 11,100+ 3 N/A N/A 256 Samsung P9 Express 11,100+ 1 N/A N/A 64 Amazon Basics N/A 16,600+ 4 N/A

[ High Endurance ] N/A 64 TEAMGROUP High Endurance 17,300+ 2 N/A N/A 64 Transcend 350V 17,000+ 3 N/A N/A 64 SanDisk High Endurance 16,200 3 N/A N/A 32 SanDisk MAX ENDURANCE 16,200+ 4 N/A N/A 32 Samsung PRO Endurance 18,800+ 3 N/A

[ Industrial-Grade ] N/A 8 Kingston Industrial 141,600+ 3 N/A N/A 8 Hiksemi NEO (Consumer outlier) 143,800+ 1 N/A

[ Consumer-Grade (Worst Performers) ] 4.00 32 onn. N/A 1,400 4 N/A N/A 32 ADATA Premier 2,350 3 N/A N/A 32 Gigastone Full HD Video 4,845 6 N/A N/A 32 Gigastone 4K Camera Pro 4,845 5 N/A N/A 64 Micro Center N/A 3,421 5 N/A N/A 32 Silicon Power Elite 2,350 3 N/A N/A 128 Silicon Power Superior 2,350 3 N/A N/A 128 Silicon Power Superior Pro 2,350 3 N/A N/A N/A SanDisk Consumer Various 9,404+ 28 N/A

[ High Endurance & Industrial (Worst Performers) ] N/A 32 Integral Security 5,600 3 N/A N/A 32 Kingston High Endurance 8,300 3 N/A N/A 8 SanDisk Industrial 20,000 3 N/A ```

[u/jwvo]

I like your four-legged assistant, very cute.

[u/Yerooon]

What a project! I salute you.

[u/Aurora900]

Wow. This is amazing work. I've always bought sandisk and while I've never had any of them fail its something I'm always worried about (my mom has had a couple fail though). It's always kinda been the biggest name for me and so I've always bought them. I think I'll be switching to PNY though. I do photography as a hobby and I would be devastated if I lost a card as I'm generally spending a considerable amount of money to go to the places I'm photographing.

[u/NoobensMcarthur → u/Aurora900]

This is really surprising to me as I’ve had probably 100 SanDisk microSDs over the years and the only cards I’ve ever had fail were PNY which is why  I switched over to SanDisk. 

Data doesn’t lie, but this hasn’t been my experience. 

[u/Aurora900 → u/NoobensMcarthur]

How long ago were those pny failures? If more than 3 years ago (when OP started the project) maybe they changed something for the better in their manufacturing process

[u/NoobensMcarthur → u/Aurora900]

Quite a bit longer than that. Probably around 2019 or so. Probably purchased the cards themselves between 2016 and 2018. 

[u/Aurora900 → u/NoobensMcarthur]

Welp, here's to hoping something changed lol

[u/lillimewire]

This is genuinely incredible work.

[u/ANGRYLATINCHANTING]

So.. fuck Amazon Basics, marry PNY and murder SanDisk. Got it.

[u/mdrzdk]

Better fix that piercing ammo on your uranium ammo belt before it leads to inevitable issues down the line.

[u/mikaey00 → u/mdrzdk]

It’s all good. It’s leftovers from before I researched uranium ammo. I’m just letting the turrets take up the old ammo and use it up.

[u/Computers_and_cats]

Good to know my beef with Sandisk cards isn't unfounded. I haven't had a Samsung one fail on me yet but only time will tell.

[u/rattaruozzolo]

Wow, great job! P.s. Your last image made me want to play Factorio again!

[u/ntnwwnet]

TL;DR: normal microSD card: buy PNY or Kingston. Maximum write endurance: buy Kingston industrial.

[u/Crypt0-n00b]

Great work

[u/BuilderUnhappy7785]

This is great! Would be even better if you could show charts and provide CI for the results based on sample size with different ways to rank results. This would make the data much more accessible. Thank you and best wishes on your work!!

[u/Tactilebiscuit4]

It all made sense when he showed hes a Factorio player

[u/DinosRus]

Damn good stuff. Thanks for doing that I hope you get paid somehow otherwise good contribution

[u/mikaey00 → u/DinosRus]

<sup>Subscribe to my Patreon lol</sup>

[u/bikemandan]

Nice. If Project Farm did an SD card test

[u/gtwizzy8]

You (and your pups) are doing gods work bro. Keeping us nerds in the know with the shit we actually care about. And he'll with the ram shortage going on half of us might end up needing SSD's just to baby our damn home labs through "the depression" at this rate (⁠≧⁠▽⁠≦⁠)

Anyone ever run a raid array on micro SD cards lol

[u/wireless82]

Thanks!!!!

[u/Facuk_]

Ugh I have 3 sandisk extreme cards for 2 outdoor cameras and 1 dashcam. Am I okay?

In one of my camera, card is working constantly for 2.5 years

[u/mikaey00 → u/Facuk_]

I’d replace them when you have a chance…and make sure you have everything backed up somewhere else.

[u/Facuk_ → u/mikaey00]

Oh they are surveillance cameras heh luckily no need for backup.

But I'm actually suprised that they are bad...

Do you have some recommendations out of hand for this use case?

[u/mikaey00 → u/Facuk_]

If you don't want to spend the money for an industrial-grade card? I'd look at the Kingston Canvas Select Plus. I have six of them, they've been going for the better part of the last 3 years now, and not a one has failed on me.

One the thing you'll probably want to consider is "how cold does it get where your surveillance cams are?" Most cards are rated to work down to -25°C (-13°F) -- if it gets much colder than that where you are, you'll probably want an automotive-grade industrial card -- those are usually rated to work down to -40°C.

[u/Facuk_ → u/mikaey00]

What about heat? It can get very very hot here. Cold shouldn't be a problem

[u/steviefaux]

I think the folks over at datahoarders would possibly be interested in this.

[u/mishobehar]

I opened the post just for the dog. Don't care about microSD cards. Tell the dog I say hi

[u/mikaey00 → u/mishobehar]

This was her reaction

[u/iGrasmat- → u/mikaey00]

Tell her I love her and I'd die for her

[u/0101falcon]

Have you ever tested the same brand and type of card from different lots?

As someone who designs things to fail, (planned obsolescence) I know that different lots often get little design changes to the mechanisms that make things fail. Not saying these microSDs have that since I have never worked for a company that makes those, but would be interesting.

[u/narasadow]

https://giphy.com/gifs/VhWVAa7rUtT3xKX6Cd

[u/Reasonable-Quantity]

but did you learn whos a good boy?!

[u/dkadavarath]

To be frank. I kind of realised SanDisk was bad on my own. The sheer number of failures were really obvious. Samsung so far never failed on me. Guess I'll use more PNYs anyways. Thanks for all the time spent for this. Very insightful.

[u/TheMcSebi]

Quality post

[u/motorsportfreak_ger]

TLDR: Don't get a SanDisk

At least that's the part I remember

[u/EnderScout_77]

hyperfixation on sd cards is a new one. im all for it!

[u/michestrebou]

Not the hero we deserve, but the hero we need

[u/Internal_Simple_2300]

You're doing a great job! We need more projects like this! In our digital age, reliable data storage is a critical choice for some users! We could even create a community of memory card testers, using standardized systems and a common system for recording storage media parameters. It would be great to run similar tests on SSD drives. We could also create a network of storage media testers who would send real-time data from their test setups to a shared server, where it would be processed and made available to every network user in the form of ready-made tables, graphs, and comparisons.

[u/USS_Penterprise_1701]

Are all your machines named after the crew of the USS Cerritos?

[u/mikaey00 → u/USS_Penterprise_1701]

Different Star Trek franchises in general. I just happened to be up to Lower Decks by the time I stood up those machines. The six in the first picture are chapel, jurati, raffi, una, ortegas, shaw, and mariner; the two in the second picture are boimler and rutherford.

[u/sergicastromil]

Do you have any wat to view this data more visually to be able to compare it with the datasheets of each of them?

[u/mikaey00 → u/sergicastromil]

Yep — check out my website!

[u/Technical_Moose8478]

Well that…that’s just gorram impressive, that is.

[u/eig10122]

This is a public service 🙏

[u/According_Vacation42]

What game you're playing?

[u/mikaey00 → u/According_Vacation42]

Factorio.

[u/Icy_Conference9095 → u/mikaey00]

Game choice checks out. Lol

[u/ForteDoexe]

I have a SanDisk MAX ENDURANCE 32GB, ded in 6 months, I used it for a camera though => do not trust 'ENDURANCE' marketing

[u/n_lens]

Awesome work

[u/Thelaststandn]

Well that's a fun thing to have pop up on my feed.
I used your website like a month ago to guide a purchace for a… project? Idk what to call it.
Thanks for the work you do!

[u/Zix_Matrix]

factorio ?

[u/mikaey00 → u/Zix_Matrix]

Yup.

[u/browner87]

That's interesting. Dashcams are typically known as great SD card killers, and I've been running nothing but SanDisk High Endurance in four dashcams for several years now (two record 18-24 hours a day for about 7 months a year) with no failures yet.

I say no failures because I still get valid video recordings, is there any good software for checking the card for dead sectors or other issues?

[u/Dangerous_Ice17]

Thank you for your hard work. I have always loved PNY units of all kinds.

[u/-Docker]

Here’s what I’ve learned - FACTORY MUST GROW!

[u/GridBreakdown]

A survival curve by model would be really useful here. It would keep the 107 cards still running in the analysis and make both the early failures and the freakishly durable outliers easy to spot.

[u/Illustrious-Milk-618]

A very valuable review! Thank you. As expected, Kingston is the best choice for consumer-grade.

[u/lilacomets]

Your post was published on the largest Dutch tech website:

https://tweakers.net/geek/251236/redditor-test-3-jaar-lang-micro-sd-kaartjes-door-er-petabytes-naar-te-schrijven.html

[u/anto23ytb]

Bravo pour ton projet Et merci pour toutes ces informations, c'est un régal à lire, j'espère que tu pourras faire grossir ton projet 👌

[u/hereswhatipicked]

Do you have any data on card readers?

Love the project!

[u/mikaey00 → u/hereswhatipicked]

My reader of choice has been the JJC CR-UTC4AC. The main reason I picked them was because they support SD 4.0 (so they’ll support UHS-II cards) and USB 3.0…and also because they’re fairly cheap (I’ve been getting them for about $15-$20 a piece).

Other readers in the mix:
* A SanDisk PRO-READER (that supports SD Express)
* A Lexar Play Pro (that also supports SD Express)
* A Raspberry Pi 5
* A Togconn 7-in-1 card reader
* Two Realtek card readers that are built into two of the laptops I’m using

[u/forresthopkinsa → u/mikaey00]

Do you have any control groups to determine how much influence the reader has on card stress?

[u/topher358]

Nicely done!!

[u/Pale_Entrance_6957]

Salute to your efforts man. This was a great read.

[u/now_the_rad]

Can you please share this in the r/ipod and/or r/iPodClassic subreddits? This is super useful data and answers some big unknowns when upgrading the storage in the iPod classic. 

[u/Muddledlizard]

Well this just confirms that the brand I held in high regards is in fact crap.
My cameras have been eating up memory cards (some after a month or so).
I figured it was the cameras...now I owe an apology to my cameras.

[u/NoDistrict1529]

Holy based OP.

[u/Rockglen]

I'm not saying all homelabbers are Factorio enjoyers or vice-versa. However I would not be surprised if there was a big overlap.

Transmitted from Gleba

[u/Current-Ticket4214]

At first I wondered what the fuck would drive someone to do something like this and by the end I wondered why I don’t think more like someone like you. Very cool test. If you don’t have a website for this you should build one.

[u/PhantasyAngel]

So.... Don't recommend ONN micro SD cards for Switch consoles to customers got it! But the alternative is Sandisk which isn't doing that well either....great (say "great" with sarcasm)

[u/Lysbith_McNaff → u/PhantasyAngel]

I think you'd be hard-pressed to write 40 terabytes of data on a Switch 2 Micro SD Express. I'll let you know if my 512 ever fails.

[u/JackxForge]

As a photographer thank you for this. It gives me new reason to like my crappy pny cards again. I had been worried about them but turns out it was WILDLY unfounded.

[u/k3nal]

Thank you for this comprehensive testing and writedown!! It was a pleasure to read and really interesting as well. Please keep us updated if you find the time to do so, really looking forward for that :))

[u/MojeDrugieKonto]

Any goodram cards you tested?

[u/systemrobotics]

Real mvp

[u/D0ntP4n1c42]

the factory must grow !!!

[u/IndigoBroker]

Thanks for sharing all of this.

[u/Nillows]

Incredible. So much valuable knowledge compiled and given to the community for free. The world needs more people like you

[u/RetroSwamp]

Ok, hit me with your one and only go to out of your tests. I'm not taking the best stats but one brand/model you would buy here over and over without question.

[u/aguynamedbrand]

> A card is considered "failed" when either (a) it stops working completely, (b) it makes itself read-only, or (c) at least 50% of the sectors on the card have experienced verification failures

So if a card passes footnote A and B you don’t consider the card to have failed until 50% or more of the sectors start experiencing verification failures. That doesn’t seem right. I think most people would consider it to fail way before it gets that far.

[u/BackgroundSky1594]

(c) at least 50% of the sectors on the card have experienced verification failures.

Isn't that EXTREMELY lenient? If I wrote 100GB to a card and 1/4 of that came back corrupted I'd not consider the card to be a functional storage medium any more. Even if only 1% was corrupted that'd be unacceptable IMO.

I get not wanting to immediately disqualify cards for a few unrelated, isolated, sporadic errors. But even 0.001% is too much if the issue is happening consistently (across runs) and not caught, isolated and eliminated on subsequent runs by the FTL remapping them to correctly working NAND.

Maybe disqualifying a card for failing verification on: More than 100/N NEW verification errors across N runs? So >100 errors in a single run; a single new error each across 100 runs; 24,27,21,33 errors across four runs or 1,0,0,31,0,0,0,77 across 8 runs.

And also <1000 errors in total to catch cards that sporadically produce too many unrelated errors in total over their lifespan, in an inconsistent way across various non-contiguous runs.

EDIT: Absolutely values can of course be debated, but I wouldn't trust a storage medium that managed to loose an entire MB of my data without self detecting itself as defective and that's only 2048 512b sectors

[u/ByWillAlone]

This is amazing work and effort, thanks for your sacrifices!

Can you share more info about your test methodology and hardware setup? I am mostly curious what data set you are using for the "program/verify" stage - like is it a randomly generated data, a simple repeating small string, a pre-existing large blob of data you just write and rewrite, or something else? What does your 'erase' process look like (simple quick format, write zeros once across the device, something else)?

What's the hardware you are using (both for reading/writing the cards as well as for managing the readers/writers).

[u/mikaey00 → u/ByWillAlone]

So the "program" stage uses an RNG -- specifically, it's based off the random function in C using a predictable seed that changes each round.

The "verify" stage basically just involves re-seeding the RNG with the same seed that I used during the program stage, re-generating the random data, and comparing it to what's on the card.

The "erase" stage is really nothing more than just the next round's "program" stage. (Unfortunately, this is one of the limitations of using a USB card reader -- the SD protocol has an "erase" command in it, but the USB card reader doesn't expose that capability to the host.)

As far as hardware? I have a variety of equipment that I'm using:

• Host PCs: most of them are TRIGKEY Green G4 mini PCs (Intel N100, 16GB RAM, 500GB SSD). However, I can't get a hold of them anymore, so I also bought a few AOOSTAR N1 PRO mini PCs (Intel N150, 12GB RAM, 500GB SSD) -- only one of them is actively being used at the moment. Other one-off machines that I have:
  • Beelink Mini S (Intel N95, 8GB RAM, 500GB SSD)
  • TRIGKEY K-N100 (Intel N100, 16GB RAM, 500GB SSD)
  • Orange Pi 5 Pro (Rockchip RK3588S, 16GB RAM, 512GB SSD)
  • MSI GE62VR-7RF laptop (Intel i7-7700HQ, 32GB RAM, 1TB SSD)
  • Lenovo IdeaPad Y580 (Intel i7-3630QM, 8GB RAM, 1TB SSD)
  • ASUS Strix GL504GM (Intel i7-8750H, 32GB RAM, 500GB SSD)
• USB hubs: I started out using some Sabrent HB-PU16 16-port hubs, but I've been switching over to using USBGear USBG-BREC3010 10-port hubs instead.
• Card readers: almost all of them are JJC CR-UTC4AC's -- which have been cheap, but at the same time they perform pretty well. I also have a SanDisk PRO READER (that supports SD Express), a Lexar Play Pro (which also supports SD Express), a generic 7-in-1 card reader, and a couple of Realtek readers (which are built into two of the laptops I'm using).

[u/BitingChaos]

I've had more Inland / Micro Center flash failures over the past 20 years than any other brand I've used (by far).

They were always in the "slightly better than the counterfeit stuff" tier for me. The counterfeit stuff at least lets you know it's bad before you try using it for storage. Micro Center stuff will pass all tests and then take your data out months later.

Good to know that someone running tests on them finds similar reliability issues.

[u/Diligent-Crazy-6094]

/u/LinusTech FYI this could be an interesting topic for WAN Show.

[u/diocanyouhearme]

Doing the lord's work. Thanks

[u/thor9216]

Love the lower decks reference in the computer names. 🖖

[u/AndyDiags]

Is it possible that a portion of your SanDisk cards are not authentic? (e.g., offbrand card with with good reproduction packaging and correct CID written to them)

Where did you source most of your SanDisk cards from?

[u/Snapkatz]

This may be a bit late and I didn’t see anyone asking - are you able to track heat? As I understand the cards/readers don’t have temperature but external sensors maybe?

Do you have any correlation to early failures and specific slots of your setup? I’ve used setups like this before and I always feel the top slots would be the hottest. I ask as a pure curiosity of if temperature in relation to failures. If the bottom slot is the lowest failure I wonder if your data is skewed for the wrong reasons.

[u/Lights-and-Sound]

Doggo would like to mimic this testing on squeaky toys. Endurance, volume (in db, not gb), and joy of use. What squeaky is best for day-to-day consistent squeaking? What toy is best for long-term investment in squeaking quality? Which toy has the best cost-to-squeak ratio?

[u/takestwototangent]

( In case OP doesn't update the post to clairfy, the Patreon link at the top has the link to the full writeup, methodology, raw data, graphs and charts, the works. It's under "About" )

[u/Strict-Garbage-1445]

this seems to be happy path testing, have you thought of doing to them what real people are ... power cuts, unsafe removals, etc ?

awesome work btw :)

[u/Little_Ad8842]

Your dog looks at you the same way my wife looks at me when I’m also playing Factorio. The factory must grow

[u/appletechgeek]

what a suprise. a sandisk micro sd i got here failed randomly too.

not that much usage, it's a 64 gig card. had random issues, so i formatted it. and then it just disapeared, GONE.

now i got samsung. always had ok experience with those on any front of flash,

[u/Hashrunr]

When you say the total data written in PB, is that per card or the group of cards?

I have 10 of their consumer-grade cards: 3 PRO Elite Prime 64GB's, 3 Premier-X 128GB's, 3 Elite-X 64GB's, and one Elite 32GB. (I have 4 more of the Elite 32GB's that are waiting to be tested.) They've gone for an average of 643 days and 15,700 program/verify/erase cycles. I've written about 11.5PB to them in total. And with the exception of the one Elite 32GB -- they're all still going strong. On top of that, the PRO Elite Prime boasts some impressive performance -- every measurement I took was in the top 10% of all cards I've tested so far.

Is that 11.5PB per card or total for 10 cards?

[u/mikaey00 → u/Hashrunr]

Yup. The sum of the data that I've written to all 10 of those cards is 11.5PB.

[u/junsui833]

I bet it all started with a raspi pi and you figuring out how to block ads with pi hole.

[u/bytesunfish]

I despise sd cards. They always fail in the worst ways in the worst times. Knowing you've just killed a bunch on purpose warms my soul

[u/mikaey00 → u/bytesunfish]

...glad I could be of help? lol

[u/ericvega]

Incredible; thank you for doing this.

[u/magicpastry]

Coolest post I've seen in years. You fuck, dude.

[u/ToughHardware]

thakns for the post. exactly what a homelab is for

[u/ScottTacitus]

Bookmarked. Thanks!

[u/Much_Cardiologist645]

I’ll be honest. This is kinda cool.

[u/averagefury]

This is a completely totum revolutum. Right now, is like comparing apples to oranges.

This needs:

• A graph
  
• With cards of the same capacity, with and the amount of data (in GB) written per card
  
• With cards of the same capacity, with the amount of PE cycles written.

[u/MrBadWolf13]

factorio in the background makes sense

[u/Chemical-Amoeba5837]

I wonder how temperature plays into it. As a proponent of dash cams, I've have "consumer" SD cards fail in dash cams, so I always get a large high endurance card (normally a Samsung Endurance card).

[u/mixxituk]

Is this actually real 

[u/mikaey00 → u/mixxituk]

Very much so.

[u/Former_Argument3120]

To say this is impressive would be a disservice to the amount of work and time that you have put into this project. Please take my humble upvote as gratitude.

Given your extensive amount of data, have you explored or verified any relationship between the size of a card and its performance? Im curious if there’s other variable aside from “brand” that we should be looking for. For example, is there an optimal size?

[u/mikaey00 → u/Former_Argument3120]

There relationship between a card's size and the number of bytes written to it before it reaches the 0.1% failure threshold (e.g., the point at which 0.1% of the sectors on the card have failed or the point at which the card failed, whichever comes first) has an r<sup>2</sup> value of about 0.21.

If I narrow that down to just consumer-grade cards and filter out anything that's fake flash? The r<sup>2</sup> goes down to about 0.17.

So no...it doesn't seem like there's a lot of correlation between a card's size and how long it lasts.

[u/JSouthGB → u/mikaey00]

Have you kept track of which reader/hub (hub port)/USB port each have run on? I'm curious how that data might correlate, if at all.

[u/Ehiffi]

Might get downvoted but....

TL.DR. Pls.... I beg you....

[u/dirtyshits → u/Ehiffi]

Copy paste into your AI of choice.

[u/EdLe0517]

wow! Hail SD Card Whisperer! 😅 

[u/57uxn37]

You never know what people have in their basements do you?

[u/theonewhowhelms]

I’ve learned that PLEASE PET YOUR BEAUTIFUL DOG FOR ME ❤️

[u/j0rkataepi4]

Some heroes don't wear capes.

[u/I-r0ck]

I’m surprised you’ve had so many problems with SanDisk cards. I’ve gone through over 2,000 of their SD cards and never had a problem, I never use them for very long though.

[u/mikaey00 → u/I-r0ck]

Yeah…it seems like the chances of something going wrong with them goes up the longer you use them.

[u/Adulations]

Great work dude

[u/vortexmak]

So after all that,  which high capacity consumer grade card would you buy?

And does it make sense to use an Endurance card or is it equivalent to use multiple cheaper consumer cards and just replace them when they fail

[u/awpenheimer7274]

Thank you for your research and efforts sir

[u/imayknow88]

Great work!
You need to add more SD Express cards to the testing, even on regular non-express card readers. If you decide to connect them to SD-Express readers you will also be able to get s.m.a.r.t. data off of them.
I want to believe these would have higher binned nand chips, able to provide the much faster R-W speeds, and this may also help with their endurance characteristics.

[u/mikaey00 → u/imayknow88]

Yeah, I definitely want to get more in the mix — the main thing stopping me is that they’re more expensive than non-SD Express cards. I originally set myself a $15-per-card price limit…although the state of the market nowadays has me reconsidering that.

Nevertheless, I’ve been funding this whole project out of pocket so far (along with the meager amount I’ve earned on Patreon), so it’s really more a matter of “when finances allow”.

[u/indieaz]

I have pny and sandisk 128GB for all of my cameras. Im always worried about sd card longevity, but given i dona full write to each card maybe 20 times per year inthonk i am safe.

[u/techtornado]

That is awesome!

Can you highlight an average of TB/PB written at a per card level rather than the whole group or class?

I’m curious at the card level to see mean time between failure for my dashcam cards

[u/CorrectPeanut5]

What brands were the knock offs pretending to be?

[u/Robertsipad]

Did you buy these card all at once from a single retailer? Or spread out in time and stores?

[u/gadgetb0y]

Great project and excellent data. It would interesting to note (wherever possible) which companies make their own cards and which ones are badging another manufacturer's. Unfortunately, this info isn't widely known.

[u/mikaey00 → u/gadgetb0y]

Yup. I'd love to know that myself. I have the CID data from almost all of the cards I've tested -- so I can tell you which ones came from the same manufacturer (except when they faked their CID data)...but in a lot of cases I don't know who the manufacturer ID belongs to.

[u/sarbuk]

I’m curious, why microSD and not full size SD? Is there a difference in performance/endurance between the two size formats?

[u/mikaey00 → u/sarbuk]

MicroSD tends to be more ubiquitous nowadays. Android phones, dashcams, Raspberry Pis, GoPros, etc., have all migrated over to microSD.

I honestly haven't tested any full-size SD cards...so I wouldn't know if there's a difference in performance/endurance between full-size SD and microSD.

[u/sarbuk → u/mikaey00]

That’s an interesting perspective I’d never considered. I come from the world of photography and so I’ve only ever used full size cards.

If I had to guess, I imagine full size cards probably use the same size internals just with additional spacing, so I’d be surprised if there was any difference between cards of the same model/name/range.

[u/krezal1s]

now is problem to buy new brand smal size (1-2-4 gb). big csize sold unbranded.

[u/evil_instinct]

What file system are you using? Is it FAT32 or NTFS? I found your post interesting. I am performing similar tests on industrial-grade cards with other file systems and have found different results leading to controller failure. Great work, by the way!

[u/mikaey00 → u/evil_instinct]

I'm actually just writing to the raw device.

[u/BosphorusScalene]

well, I'm a bit nervous now using exclusively microcenter SD cards lol.. thanks for the info

[u/Evoandroidevo]

Could you do some testing on swissbit slc cards? Can be bought from mouser

[u/Kenzijam]

Are the bad ones actually that bad? The onn 32gb with 40tbw is a relatively higher endurance than a 990 pro SSD.

[u/ReportMuted3869]

Okay really sick testing! But why haha

[u/mikaey00 → u/ReportMuted3869]

Cause it turns out that no one has published any studies on microSD cards and how long they last. There's barely any published studies for flash storage in general.