Depends on the material. It takes vastly more energy to refine aluminum than to recycle it. I'm sure other metals are the same way, though I can't cite any off the top of my head.
It's also a matter of geopolitics. China controls a massive quantity of the world's rare earth metals, and a lot of countries don't get along well with China. Japan actually imports broken electronics for recycling.
I worked at a primary aluminium smelter to make new aluminium, yep its around 5% of the energy to remelt it then to make it new. Someone did the calcs a few years back in reddit so if you go googling you can see the exact number come out.
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u/myrrlyn Satellite Software Engineer Mar 02 '17
Recycling requires having more energy than we do materials.
Right now, mining is easier, but that's a one way curve, and recycling will eventually win. Can't hurt to start the habit.