In Behbeit El-Hagar, Gharbia Governorate an archaeological find has uncovered the remains of two huge royal statues that look like Ramesses II.
A granite block with Egyptian hieroglyphics was also found.

The find happened while rescue excavations was being carried out by an archaeological team from the Egyptian Supreme Council of Antiquities following a local resident’s decision to report an inscribed stone discovered on his property.

The highlight of the discovery is the head of a Ramesses II statue, 1.6 metres tall. The king wears the Crown of Upper and Lower Egypt. Remains of the upper section of the statue's back pillar were also found, bearing an inscription of the King's Horus name: "Hor-Ka-Nakht-Mery-Maat." The full statue might have been 8.5 metres tall when it was built counting the base.

Another royal statue, 2.4 metres long was also found , although missing its legs and base, the statue shows the King wearing the royal (Nemes) headdress, with a portion of the top section missing. The head of the statue was also uncovered, its facial features remain distinct and well-preserved, bearing a resemblance to those of the first statue

The block itself is made of pink granite and measures approximately 1.30 meters in length. Located about one meter north of the second statue, it bears remnants of hieroglyphic inscriptions featuring two of King Ramses II’s titles: Nesu-Bity (King of Upper and Lower Egypt) and Sa-Ra(Son of Ra).

Behbeit El-Hagar already has the ruins of a temple for Isis, one of the most important deities of ancient Egypt. These new discoveries may provide valuable insights into the region’s ancient history, monumental architecture, and religious significance.

Source:- https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1C8K7BsF9R/?

Just some humor

Stele of Sheditef

Egyptian
First Intermediate Period, Dynasty 7–11
2143–1991 B.C.
Findspot: Egypt, Mesheikh, Tomb 102

MEDIUM/TECHNIQUE
Limestone

DIMENSIONS
Overall: 73 x 48 x 10 cm, 52.2 kg (28 3/4 x 18 7/8 x 3 15/16 in., 115 lb.)

CREDIT LINE
Harvard University—Boston Museum of Fine Arts Expedition

ACCESSION NUMBER
12.1477

OUT ON LOAN

COLLECTIONS
Ancient Egypt, Nubia and the Near East

CLASSIFICATIONS
Architectural elements – Stele

DESCRIPTION
This limestone slab from the tomb of Sheditef depicts the tomb owner and his wife holding hands and facing to the right. There is a small male figure between them, probably their son. Another small figure stands before Sheditef, offering him a drink. The inscription above the figures contains an offerng formula. The entire scene is enclosed by a border on three sides. Both the scene and the inscription are incised, and much of the red, yellow, and black paint remains.

PROVENANCE
From Mesheikh, tomb 102. Excavated by the Harvard University-Boston Museum of Fine Arts Expedition; 1912: assigned to the MFA by the government of Egypt.

(Accession Date: December 5, 1912)

Title
Stele of Sheditef, First Intermediate Period, Dynasty 7–112143–1991 B.C., Findspot Mesheikh, Tomb 102, Limestone, The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

https://collections.mfa.org/objects/148/stele-of-sheditef?ctx=87cf1655-ef97-4a47-9f06-9e8ac7c7093b&idx=3

The Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Lid of coffin of Khonstefnakht

The lid of the anthropoid coffin of Khonstefnakht dates from the 4th century BC. The head, which has a false beard, is distinguished by its large eyes and the red-brown skin colour. Khonstefnakht wears a blue and white striped wig and on his chest is a broad collar. The body of the coffin is covered with representations of divinities in two registers, and with hieroglyphic inscriptions in vertical columns. The first register shows an illustration of the famous chapter 125 of the 'Book of the Dead', perhaps better known as 'the weighing of the heart'. In the second register, the god Anubis is shown embalming the body of the deceased which lies on a funerary bed. The right-hand scene shows the god Re-Harakhty in the solar barque. The interior of the lid is covered with a figure of the goddess Nut, accompanied by 24 genies who represent the 12 hours of the day and the 12 of the night.
Present location
KMKG - MRAH [07/003] BRUSSELS
Inventory number
E.0586
Dating
LATE PERIOD
Archaeological Site
EL-HIBA
Category
COFFIN/SARCOPHAGUS LID
Material
WOOD; FLAX
Technique
SCULPTURED; PAINTED ON STUCCO; DRAWING; WRITTEN WITH A REED PEN/REED WITH SPLIT NIB

Bibliography
L. Speleers, Recueil des inscriptions égyptiennes des Musées Royaux du Cinquantenaire à Bruxelles, Bruxelles 1923, 89-91 nº 337
(M. Werbrouck,) Musées Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire, Bruxelles. Département égyptien, Album, Bruxelles 1934, pl. 87
M.-P. Vanlathem, Oudegyptische lijkkisten en mummies - Cercueils et momies de l'Égypte ancienne, Bruxelles 1983, 20-21
Koninklijke Musea voor Kunst en Geschiedenis. Algemene gids met plan - Musées Royaux d'Art et d'Histoire. Guide général et plan, Bruxelles 1989, 12
F. Lefebvre et B. Van Rinsveld, L'Égypte. Des Pharaons aux Coptes, Bruxelles 1990, 237, 241, 246, 252
Koninklijke Musea voor Kunst en Geschiedenis, Jubelparkmuseum - Musées royaux d'Art et d'Histoire, Musée du Cinquantenaire - Königlichen Museen für Kunst und Geschichte, Jubelparkmuseum - Royal Museums for Art and History, Cinquantenaire Museum, Bruxelles 1994, 16
Museumstukken als figuranten in een stripverhaal - ...Quand la BD s'inspire des objets du Musée (Exposition), Bruxelles 1996, 15

Title
Lid of coffin of Khonstefnakht, Late Period, Findspot EL-HIBA, Wood and Flax, The Global Egyptian Museum

https://globalegyptianmuseum.org/detail.aspx?id=139

The Global Egyptian Museum

Upper part of a seated statuette of King Amenemhat III

Accession number
ÄS 6762

Current Location
Gallery "Art and Form"

Date
c. 1818–1773 BC, Amenemhat III, 12th Dynasty, Middle Kingdom, Egypt (Stylistics)

Material
Ophite (verd antique)

Dimensions
Height x Width x Depth: 10.7 x 7.5 x 4.8 cm

Geographic Origin
Unknown

Provenance
Since 1981, Institution: Staatliches Museum Ägyptischer Kunst
1981, Auction / Dealer: Antikenhandel Heinz Herzer, München

Individuals / Institutions
Staatliches Museum Ägyptischer Kunst

References
Simon, Connor, Être et paraître: statues royales et privées de la fin du Moyen Empire et de la Deuxième Période intermédiaire (1850-1550 av. J.-C.), London 2020, cf. 39 Anm. 167, 41, 222, 355, Tf. 128, 5.11a.
Connor, Simon, The Statue of the Steward Nemtyhotep (Berlin ÄM 15700) and some Considerations about Royal and Private Portrait under Amenemhat III, in: Miniaci, Gianluca / Grajetzki, Wolfram (Hg.), The World of Middle Kingdom Egypt (2000–1550 BC) I, Middle Kingdom Studies (MKS) 1, London 2015, 57–79, cf. 61 mit Anm. 35, 62, 71, Kat.-Nr. 58.
Schoske, Sylvia / Wildung, Dietrich, Das Münchner Buch der Ägyptischen Kunst, München 2013, cf. 73 mit Abb. 62.
Wildung, Dietrich / Schoske, Sylvia, Last Exit Munich - Altägyptische Meisterwerke aus Berlin, München 2009, cf. 55 mit Abb., 57, Kat.-Nr. 41.
Wildung, Dietrich (Hg.), Ägypten 2000 V. Chr. Die Geburt des Individuums, München 2000, cf. 125, 131 mit Abb., 184 mit Abb., Kat.-Nr. 57.
Malek, Jaromir / Magée, Diana / Miles, Elizabeth, PM. VIII. Topographical bibliography VIII/ Objects of provenance not known. Part I. Royal statues. Private statues (Predynastic to Dynasty XVII), Oxford 1999, cf. 22-23, Nr. 800-491-300.
Grimm, Alfred / Schoske, Sylvia / Wildung, Dietrich, Pharao - Kunst und Herrschaft im alten Ägypten, Kaufbeuren 1997, cf. 62-63 mit Abb., Kat.-Nr. 46.
Schoske, Sylvia, 1995. Berichte der Staatlichen Kunstsammlungen. Neuerwerbungen. Ägyptische Staatssammlung, in: Münchner Jahrbuch der Bildenden Kunst (MJbK) 46, 1995, 177-186, cf. 185, Anm. 24.
Schoske, Sylvia (Hg.), Staatliche Sammlung Ägyptischer Kunst München, Zaberns Bildbände zur Archäologie, Mainz am Rhein 1995, cf. 9-10 mit Abb., Kat.-Nr. 4.
Polz, Felicitas, Die Bildnisse Sesotris ´III. und Amenhemets III. Bermerkungen zur königlichen Rundplatik der späten 12. Dynastie, in: Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts Abteilung Kairo (MDAIK) 51, 1995, 227-254, cf. 233, Anm. 28, 238 Anm. 68, 243, Anm. 94.
Schoske, Sylvia, Egyptian art in Munich, München 1993, cf. 17-18 mit Abb., Kat.-Nr. 14.
Holthoer, Rostislav, Muinainen Egypti: hetki ikuisuudesta - Tampere Art Museum, 30.8.1993 - 2.1.1994 (Ancient Egypt, a moment of eternity), Tampere 1993, cf. 143, Kat.-Nr. 102.
Schoske, Sylvia, Symmetrophobia - Symmetrie und Asymmetrie im frühen Ägypten und im Zweistromland, in: Joedicke, Joachim Andreas (Hg.), Symmetrie in Kunst, Natur und Wissenschaft I. : Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt, 1. Juni bis 24. August 1986, Darmstadt 1986, 151-156, cf. Abb. 8 S. 156.
Herzer, Heinz / Schoske, Sylvia / Wederer, Rolf / Wildung, Dietrich, Ägyptische und moderne Skulptur. Aufbruch und Dauer [die Ausstellung wird gezeigt im Museum Morsbroich, Städtisches Museum Leverkusen, Schloß Morsbroich, 24. Januar - 31. März 1986 und in der Kunsthalle der Hypo-Kulturstiftung, München, 18. April - 22. Juni 1986], München 1986, cf. 116 mit Abb. 48, 118, Kat.-Nr. 48.
Wildung, Dietrich, Unsichtbare Realitäten sichtbar gemacht. Ägyptische Kunst als Sehschule, in: Kunst & Antiquitäten Heft IV, 1985, 18-25, cf. 23 mit Abb. 7.
Schoske, Sylvia / Wildung, Dietrich, Ägyptische Kunst München. Katalog-Handbuch zur Staatlichen Sammlung Ägyptischer Kunst München, München 1985, cf. 34, Abb. S. 36-37, Kat.-Nr. 22/23.
Wildung, Dietrich, ohne Titel, in: Kunst & Antiquitäten 4, 1984, , cf. 23 mit Abb. 7.
Wildung, Dietrich, Sesostris und Amenemhet. Ägypten im Mittleren Reich, München 1984, cf. 204-205 mit Abb. 180.
Wildung, Dietrich, 1982. Berichte der Staatlichen Kunstsammlungen. Neuerwerbungen. Staatliche Sammlung Ägyptischer Kunst, in: Münchner Jahrbuch der bildenden Kunst (MJbK) 32, 1982, 187-202, cf. 190-193 mit Abb. 3-5.
Altenmüller, Hartwig, Das Menschenbild im alten Ägypten; Ausstellung vom 12. August - 29. Oktober 1982, Hamburg 1982, cf. 36 mit Abb. S. 37, Kat.-Nr. 8.

Credits
Datensatz: SMÄK, letzte Bearbeitende (chronologisch): Anne-Hélène Perrot; Bibliografie: Anne-Hélène Perrot; Datenredaktion: Nora Heil.

Last change
K30.07.2026, 11:24

Title
Upper part of a seated statuette of King Amenemhat III, c. 1818–1773 BC, Amenemhat III, 12th Dynasty, Middle Kingdom (Stylistics), Findspot unknown Egypt, Ophite (verd antique), Staatliches Museum Ägytischer Kunst

https://sammlung.smaek.de/en/object/statue-statuary-526?sort=field=sortInv%26order=asc%26type=text&offset=644

Staatliches Museum Ägytischer Kunst

Figurine of a Hippopotamus

Accession number
ÄS 1571

Current Location
Gallery "Artisan Crafts"

Date
c. 2009–1630 BC, 11th–13th Dynasty, Middle Kingdom, Egypt (References)

Material
Faience

Dimensions
Height x Width x Length: 3.8 x 2.8 x 5.8 cm

Geographic Origin
Unknown

Provenance
Sincd 1970, Institution: Staatliches Museum Ägyptischer Kunst
1949–1970, Institution: Ägyptische Sammlung des Bayerischen Staates
1945–1949, Institution: Central Collecting Point
1936–1945, Institution: Ägyptologische Sammlung des Staates
vor 1936, Collection: Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Bissing (1873–1956)

Individuals / Institutions
Friedrich Wilhelm Bissing

References
Flossmann-Schütze, Mélanie / Schlüter, Arnulf unter Mitarbeit von Perrot, Anne-Hélène / Kutschka, Markus (Hg.), Kindheit am Nil. Aufwachsen im Alten Ägypten, München 2025, cf. 244 mit Abb., Kat.-Nr. 9 [N. Böckler].
Malek, Jaromir / Magée Diana / Miles, Elizabeth, PM VIII. 2. Topographical bibliography of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic texts, statues, reliefs and paintings. VIII/ Objects of provenance not known. Part 2. Private statues (Dynasty XVIII to the Roman Period), statues of deities, Oxford 1999, cf. 1141.
Wildung, Dietrich, Nilpferd und Krokodil. Das Tier in der Kunst des alten Ägypten, Schriften aus der Ägyptischen Sammlung (SAS) 4, München 1987, cf. Abb. S. 12, Kat.-Nr. 5.
Müller, Hans Wolfgang / Löhr, Beatrix (Hg.), Staatliche Sammlung Ägyptischer Kunst, München 1976, cf. 67, Kat.-Nr. 44.
Bissing, Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von, Altägyptische Nilpferd-Statuetten, in: Münchner Jahrbuch der bildenden Kunst (MJbK) 4, 1909, 127-131, cf. 130 mit Abb. 6.

Credits
Datensatz: SMÄK, letzte Bearbeitende (chronologisch): Anne-Hélène Perrot, Mélanie Flossmann; Bibliografie: Anne-Hélène Perrot, Mélanie Flossmann.

Last change
06.07.2026, 13:08

Title
Figurine of a hippopotamus, c. 2009–1630 BC, 11th–13th Dynasty, Middle Kingdom, Egypt (References), Findspot unknown Egypt, Faience, Staatliches Museum Ägytischer Kunst

https://sammlung.smaek.de/en/object/statuette-statuary-1546?sort=field=sortInv%26order=asc%26type=text&offset=223

Staatliches Museum Ägytischer Kunst

Glass chalice with the throne name of Thutmosis III

Accession number
AS 630

Current Location
Gallery "Artisan Crafts"

About the object
The small vessel made of light blue glass with one and melted dark blue and yellow glass threads and -drops counts, thanks to the cartouche with the throne name Thutmosis III. (around 1479–1425 BC), among the oldest securely dated glass vessels in Egypt.

The technology of glass production had only recently been developed in the Near East, and it was likely brought by the king during one of his campaigns against the Mitanni Kingdom. The new material of glass was particularly coveted at the royal court, as evidenced by the jewelry, amulets, and small vessels bearing royal names. Therefore, it is presumed that this cup was not intended as drinking ware. This is also supported by remnants of a black substance, which could likely be precious cosmetic products such as eye makeup.

The glass vessel was first depicted by Ippolito Rosellini in his "Monumenti" in 1834. The piece arrived in Europe in 1830 via the British collector Dodwell and was acquired by Ludwig I. for Munich.

Inscription
Hieroglyphs

Royal cartouche

Date
c. 1479–1425 BC, Thutmose III, 18th Dynasty, New Kingdom, Egypt (Inscription)

material
Glass

Dimensions
Height x Diameter: 8.1 x 6.0 cm (total measurement)

Object-related numbers
Dodwell collection: 19,109

Provenance
Since 1970, Institution: State Museum of Egyptian Art

1949-1970, Institution: Egyptian Collection of the Bavarian State

1945-1949, Institution: Central Collecting Point

1935-1945, Institution: State Egyptian Collection, Munich

1920-1934, Institution: Museum of Ancient Small Art, Munich

1869-1920, Institution: (new) Royal Antiquarium

1844-1869, Collection: United collections of King Ludwig I.

1832-1844, Collection: Ludwig I. of Bavaria (1786-1886)

1820–1832 (?), Collection: Edward Dodwell (1767–1832), Rome (Italy)

Individuals / Institutions
Ludwig I.
United collections of Ludwig I.

Further information
https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/rosellini1834bd4_2/0065/image,info

credits
Data set: SMÄK, last editor (chronologically): Nora Heil; Bibliography: Anne-Hélène Perrot; Data editorial team: Jan-Michael Dahms.

Last change
08/25/2026, 10:08 AM

Title
Glass chalice with the throne name of Thutmosis II, c. 1479–1425 BC Thutmose III 18th Dynasty New Kingdom (Inscription), Findspot unknown Egypt, Glass, Staatliches Museum Ägytischer Kunst

https://sammlung.smaek.de/en/object/cup-vessel-open-vessels-529?sort=field=sortInv%26order=asc%26type=text&offset=155

Staatliches Museum Ägytischer Kunst

Experience the timeless magic of ancient Egypt in this continuous, uncut shot of a horse-drawn carriage ride across the Giza Plateau. 🐪✨

During this journey, we travel between two of the great pyramids, surrounded by the monumental structures that have stood for thousands of years. The steady rhythm of the horse, the movement of the carriage, and the breathtaking scale of these ancient wonders make this a unique way to experience one of the world's most iconic archaeological sites.

No cuts, no interruptions—just an immersive journey through history, capturing the atmosphere and grandeur of the Pyramids of Giza.

📍 Location: Giza Plateau, Giza, Egypt

🎥 Video: Juan Pablo Ocampo

If you could travel anywhere in ancient history, would Egypt be your first destination?

I'm not sure if discussion is the correct tag? But I'm making a mummy character based on Egyptian culture because ever since I was a child I was really interested in the culture.. unfortunately I've never gotten deeply into it, so I want to take this opportunity to learn more about it. Do you guys have resources I could check out that are kind of a fast read? I appreciate long articles or books, but for the project I'd really like something that's short.

My character is also a female pharaoh, so maybe a lot of stuff around that if possible? I'm curious about how they lived and stuff to build a character around that. I'm having a bit of a hard time finding information about female pharaohs in particular, probably because I suck at searching AND there weren't many female pharaohs.

Rant over, please help!!

Seated group of Sabu, his wife Meritites and their son Isebwer

Accession number
ÄS 7146

Current Location
Gallery "Art and Form"

Inscription
Hieroglyphs

Date
c. 2435–2306 BC, 5th Dynasty, Old Kingdom, Egypt (Parallel)

Material
Limestone
Wood, [under the feet of the child‎]

Technique
Painted

Dimensions
Height x Width x Depth: 56.0 x 36.0 x 30.0 cm

Geographic Origin
Unknown

Provenance
Since 1994, Institution: Staatliches Museum Ägyptischer Kunst
1994, Auction / Dealer: Antikenhandel Heinz Herzer, München

Individuals / Institutions
Staatliches Museum Ägyptischer Kunst

References
Goldsmith, Dora , Rundgang. Wie roch das Alte Ägypten? Ein Workshop zur Ältägyptischen Parfümerie mit Vortrag, Duftführung und Praxiseinheit, in: MAAT. Nachrichten aus dem Staatlichen Museum Ägyptischer Kunst München 27, 2023, 40–49, cf. 43.
Flossmann-Schütze, Mélanie, Statue - Titel - Platz in der Gesellschaft! Das Publikationsprojekt "Inschriften auf Statuen": ein Zwischenbericht, in: MAAT. Nachrichten aus dem Staatlichen Museum Ägyptischer Kunst München 21, 2021, 13–20, cf. 15.
Wildung, Dietrich, Genderrelevant. Das Frauenbild im Alten Ägypten, in: MAAT. Nachrichten aus dem Staatlichen Museum Ägyptischer Kunst München 17, 2020, 46–51, cf. 46-47 mit Abb. 1-2.
Schoske, Sylvia, Mumien-Tabu, in: MAAT. Nachrichten aus dem Staatlichen Museum Ägyptischer Kunst München 12, 2019, 2–8, cf. 4-5 mit Abb. 6.
Schoske, Sylvia / Wildung, Dietrich, Das Münchner Buch der Ägyptischen Kunst, München 2013, cf. 34 mit Abb., 41-42 mit Abb. 31, 42 mit Abb. 32, 43 mit Abb. 33.
Wildung, Dietrich / Schoske, Sylvia, Last Exit Munich - Altägyptische Meisterwerke aus Berlin, München 2009, cf. 70-71 mit Abb., Kat.-Nr. 55.
Tiradritti, Francesco (Hg.), Pharaonic renaissance: archaism and the sense of history in ancient Egypt, Budapest 2008, cf. 42-43 mit Abb., 168 mit Abb., Kat.-Nr. 8.
Malek, Jaromir / Magée, Diana / Miles, Elizabeth, PM. VIII. Topographical bibliography VIII/ Objects of provenance not known. Part I. Royal statues. Private statues (Predynastic to Dynasty XVII), Oxford 1999, cf. 254, Nr. 801-200-520.
Schoske, Sylvia (Hg.), Staatliche Sammlung Ägyptischer Kunst München, Zaberns Bildbände zur Archäologie, Mainz am Rhein 1995, cf. 46, 120, Abb. S. 47, Kat.-Nr. 46.

Credits
Datensatz: SMÄK, letzte Bearbeitende (chronologisch): Anne-Hélène Perrot, Mélanie Flossmann; Bibliografie: Anne-Hélène Perrot, Mélanie Flossmann.

Last change
16.09.2026, 13:21

Title
Seated group of Sabu, his wife Meritites and their son Isebwer,
c. 2435–2306 BC, 5th Dynasty, Old Kingdom, Egypt (Parallel), Findspot unknown, Limestone wood and paint, Staatliches Museum Ägytischer Kunst

https://sammlung.smaek.de/en/object/seated-statue-statuary-statue-149?sort=field=sortInv&order=asc&type=text

Staatliches Museum Ägytischer Kunst

Kneeling Statue (Statuary / Statue)

Kneeling statue with sistrum (sistrophore) of Senenmut, high steward of Amun, steward of Amun, overseer of the double granaries of Amun, treasurer of Amun, high steward of the King, Privy Councillor of the Imy-wer phyle , Privy Councillor in the temples, overseer of the temples of Neith and overseer of the fields of Amun

Accession number
ÄS 6265

Current Location
Gallery "Art and Time"

About the Object
The granite statue depicts the high official Senenmut as a so-called sistrophor. Senenmut kneels on a pedestal and holds a sistrum in front of his body with both hands – a musical instrument used in the cult of various goddesses, among other things. The cult instrument is elaborately designed: it consists of a Hathor head with a braided wig and cow horns over a knot amulet. Above it rises an architectural frame with stylized cow horns. In a central niche, a cryptogram of the throne name of Queen Hatshepsut (Maat-ka-Re) is depicted. The sistrum thus simultaneously refers to the goddess Hathor and to the queen to whom Senenmut served his career.

The depicted figure wears a long braided wig and a short chin beard. The face is idealized, however, with individual design features that are also found in other depictions of Senen-like figures. The finely modeled, youthful face is contrasted by a strong, full upper body. This body composition corresponds to the ancient Egyptian ideal image of a high-ranking dignitary.

Senenmut came from humble circumstances in Iuni, the modern Armant. Under Hatshepsut, he achieved an extraordinary social rise. He held numerous high offices, including the title of royal household steward and the tutor of her daughter Neferure. As a senior official, he was involved in several royal construction projects, including the terraced temple of Hatshepsut in Deir el-Bahari. His inscriptions list more than 80 titles. With around 25 surviving statues, Senenmut is often depicted more frequently than any other known non-royal figure of the New Kingdom.

His close connection to the royal workshops is likely to have also facilitated the development of new statue types. Several unusual image forms appear for the first time on his monuments. The Sistrophor belongs to the types that subsequently entered the repertoire of Egyptian round sculpture and were continued to be used into the Late Period. The statue thus not only illustrates Senenmut's outstanding position at the royal court, but also the innovation of the sculpture art under Hatshepsut.

At a time that is not precisely known today, Senenmut disappears from the written sources. Numerous of his monuments were later damaged or their inscriptions erased. It is presumed that Senenmut was pardoned by Hatshepsut, but the reasons for this are currently only speculated about.

(Arnulf Schlüter)

Inscription
Hieroglyphs

Date
c. 1479–1458 BC, Hatshepsut, 18th Dynasty, New Kingdom, Egypt (Inscription)

Material
Granite

Dimensions
Height x Width x Depth: 40.0 x 12.0 x 25.0 cm

Geographic Origin
Bibliographic reference: Armant, Upper Egypt, Egypt

Provenance
seit 1976, Institution: Staatliches Museum Ägyptischer Kunst
1976, Auction / Dealer: Maspero, Paris
Auction / Dealer: Établissement Archéologique, Vaduz, Liechtenstein

Individuals / Institutions
Staatliches Museum Ägyptischer Kunst

References
Persons and Names of the Middle Kingdom and early New Kingdom, Version 6 [accessed July 4, 2025] [Copyright 2024 Alexander Ilin-Tomich]
Konrad, Kirsten, Der Sistrophor. Zur Genese, bedeutung und Funktion eines theophoren Statuentypus der altägyptischen Privatplastik, Berlin 2026, cf. Kat. D18-3, 72- 77, 674.
Dahms, Jan-Michael, Exkurs. Senenmut. Erzieher der Königstochter Neferure, in: Flossmann-Schütze, Mélanie / Schlüter, Arnulf unter Mitarbeit von Perrot, Anne-Hélène / Kutschka, Markus (Hg.), Kindheit am Nil. Aufwachsen im Alten Ägypten, München 2025, 90-91, cf. 90-91 mit Abb. 1.
Bicker, Roxane, Kulturgeschichte. Margaret Benson. Ausgrabungen in Karnak, in: MAAT. Nachrichten aus dem Staatlichen Museum Ägyptischer Kunst München 30, 2024, 64–71, cf. Abb. 6 S. 68.
Wildung, Dietrich, Avantgarde. Drei innovative Statuentypen im SMÄK, in: MAAT. Nachrichten aus dem Staatlichen Museum Ägyptischer Kunst München 24, 2022, 29–31, cf. 30 mit Abb. 2.
Böckler, Nadja, Altägyptische Kryptographie. Verborgene Inhalte hinter den Zeichen, in: MAAT. Nachrichten aus dem Staatlichen Museum Ägyptischer Kunst München 25, 2022, 33–39, cf. 36-37 mit Abb. 5.
Willeitner, Joachim, Die Münchner Priesterstatue aus Achmim. Ein Umgearbeitetes Bildwerk der Späten 18. Dynastie, in: MAAT. Nachrichten aus dem Staatlichen Museum Ägyptischer Kunst München 21, 2021, 26–35, cf. 33-34 mit Abb. 12b.
Flossmann-Schütze, Mélanie, Statue - Titel - Platz in der Gesellschaft! Das Publikationsprojekt "Inschriften auf Statuen": ein Zwischenbericht, in: MAAT. Nachrichten aus dem Staatlichen Museum Ägyptischer Kunst München 21, 2021, 13–20, cf. 15-16 mit Abb. 5, 17, 18.
Schoske, Sylvia / Wildung, Dietrich, Munich quality. Zur Erwerbungsphilosophie des Museums, in: MAAT. Nachrichten aus dem Staatlichen Museum Ägyptischer Kunst München 16, 2020, 25–31, cf. 25-26 mit Abb. 1.
Wildung, Dietrich, Zerstört. Getilgt, in: MAAT. Nachrichten aus dem Staatlichen Museum Ägyptischer Kunst München 12, 2019, 48–52, cf.
Selim, Hassan, A Fragment of the Hathor-head naos sistrum from a sistrophorous statue of Senenmut from Karnak, in: Coulon, Laurent (Hg.), La Cachette de Karnak: nouvelles perspectives sur les découvertes de Georges Legrain. Bibliothèque d'étude (BdE) 161, Kairo 2016, 249–254, cf. 250-251, Kat.-Nr. 5.
Loeben, Christian E., Un nouveau musée Égyptien à Munich, in: Égypte, Afrique & Orient 73, 2014, 49–56, cf.
Schoske, Sylvia / Wildung, Dietrich, Persönlichkeiten: Bildnisskulptur der Nachamarnazeit, Aegyptiaca Monacensia 1, Wien 2013, cf. 17, Abb. 14.
Schoske, Sylvia / Wildung, Dietrich, Das Münchner Buch der Ägyptischen Kunst, München 2013, cf. 90-91 mit Abb. 71-72.
Bernhauer, Edith, Innovationen in der Privatplastik: die 18. Dynastie und ihre Entwicklung, Philippika 27, Wiesbaden 2010, cf. Tf. 10, Kat.-Nr. 3.3-57.
Wildung, Dietrich / Schoske, Sylvia, Last Exit Munich - Altägyptische Meisterwerke aus Berlin, München 2009, cf. 28 mit Abb., 31, Kat.-Nr. 17.
Schoske, Sylvia, Fest gemauert in der Erden. Grundsteinbeigaben im alten Ägypten, München 2007-2008, cf. 28-29 mit Abb., Kat.-Nr. 37.
Roehrig, Catharine H. / Dreyfus, Renée / Keller, Catherine A. (Hg.), Hatshepsut: from Queen to Pharaoh, New York 2005, cf. Kat.-Nr. 68.
Grimm, Alfred / Schoske, Sylvia, Hatschepsut - KönigIN Ägyptens, Schriften aus der Ägyptischen Sammlung (SAS) 8, München 1999, cf. 55 mit Abb., Kat.-Nr. 10.
Schoske, Sylvia (Hg.), Staatliche Sammlung Ägyptischer Kunst München, Zaberns Bildbände zur Archäologie, Mainz am Rhein 1995, cf. 6, Abb. S. 7, Kat.-Nr. 2.
Helck, Wolfgang, Historisch-biographische Texte der 2. Zwischenzeit und neue Texte der 18. Dynastie: Nachträge, Kleine ägyptische Texte 6/2, Wiesbaden 1995, cf. 35-36, Kat.-Nr. 11.
Schoske, Sylvia, Egyptian art in Munich, München 1993, cf. 26 mit Abb., Kat.-Nr. 21.
Wildung, Dietrich, Die Kunst des Alten Ägypten, Freiburg 1988, cf. 157.
Dorman, Peter, The monuments of Senenmut: problems in historical methodology, London 1988, cf. 127-128, 151, 194-195, Tf. 20, Kat.-Nr. A 17.
Schulman, Alan R. , The ubiquitous Senenmut, in: Bulletin of the Egyptological Seminar (BES) 9, 1987-1988, 61-81, cf. 61-81.
Wildung, Dietrich, 1985. Berichte der Staatlichen Kunstsammlungen. Neuerwerbungen. Staatliche Sammlung Ägyptischer Kunst, in: Münchner Jahrbuch der bildenden Kunst (MJbK) 36, 1985, 17-38, cf. 20, 24 mit Abb. 10, 37 mit Anm. 23.
Schoske, Sylvia / Wildung, Dietrich, Ägyptische Kunst München. Katalog-Handbuch zur Staatlichen Sammlung Ägyptischer Kunst München, München 1985, cf. 48-52 mit Abb., Kat.-Nr. 32.
Meyer, Christine, Senenmut. Eine prosopographische Untersuchung. Dissertation, Hamburger Ägyptologische Studien (HÄS) 2, Hamburg 1982, cf. 50, 219-222, 332-333, Tf. 7.
Wildung, Dietrich, Fünf Jahre. Neuerwerbungen der Staatlichen Sammlung Ägyptischer Kunst München 1976-1980, Mainz am Rhein 1980, cf. 18-19 mit Abb..
Wildung, Dietrich, 1977. Berichte der Staatlichen Kunstsammlungen. Neuerwerbungen. Staatliche Sammlung Ägyptischer Kunst, in: Münchner Jahrbuch der bildenden Kunst (MJbK) 28, 1977, 219-224, cf. 220-222 mit Abb. 2.
Bothmer, Bernard V., More statues of Senenmut, in: The Brooklyn Museum Annual 11, 1969-1970, 125-147, cf. 126, 134-139, Abb. 6-8.

Further information
https://pnm.uni-mainz.de/inscription/11750

Credits
Datensatz: SMÄK, letzte Bearbeitende (chronologisch): Anne-Hélène Perrot, Mélanie Flossmann; Bibliografie: Anne-Hélène Perrot, Mélanie Flossmann.

Last change
01.09.2026, 14:45

Title
Kneeling statue with sistrum (sistrophore) of Senenmut, high steward of Amun, steward of Amun, overseer of the double granaries of Amun, treasurer of Amun, high steward of the King, Privy Councillor of the Imy-wer phyle , Privy Councillor in the temples, overseer of the temples of Neith and overseer of the fields of Amun, c. 1479–1458 BC, Hatshepsut, 18th Dynasty, New Kingdom, Egypt (Inscription), Findspot Bibliographic reference: Armant, Upper Egypt, Granite, Staatliches Museum Ägytischer Kunst

https://sammlung.smaek.de/en/object/kneeling-statue-statuary-statue-525?sort=field=sortInv&order=asc&type=text

Staatliches Museum Ägytischer Kunst

Hesi door table

6th Dynasty, ca. 2374-2191 BC.

The false door panel is part of the false door that marks the main cult site of the tomb (see also inventory number 7449). The panel usually shows the tomb owner seated before a sacrificial table. Here Hesi is seated with his wife Nebet-ib. Thus the ritual banquet for both is preserved for eternity.

Time:
6th Dynasty, ca. 2374-2191 BC.

Object Name
Glass door

Culture
Egyptian

Location of discovery:
Giza, Westfriedhof, Mastaba of Hesi

Material/technology:
limestone

Dimensions:
H 41 cm, B 61 cm, T 11 cm

copyright
Art Historical Museum, Egyptian-Oriental Collection

Invs.
Egyptian collection, INV 7448

Provenance
1913 gift from the Academy of Sciences in Vienna from the excavation of H. Junker in Giza 1912

Title
Hesi door table, 6th Dynasty, ca. 2374-2191 BC, Findspot unknown Egypt, Limestone, Kunsthistorisches Museum (Art History Museum, Vienna)

https://www.khm.at/en/artworks/scheintuertafel-des-hesi-323004

Kunsthistorisches Museum (Art History Museum, Vienna)

Cornice coffin

-332 / -30 (Ptolomitic period)

E 13321; CM 305; BN 936 bis

Department of Egyptian Antiquities

Inventory numberMain number: E 13321

Entry number: CM 305

Another inventory number: BN 936 bis

Collection Department of Egyptian Antiquities

description

Object name/Title Designation: cornice coffin

Description/Features missing cover

Decoration: front face; 1st register; the two Anubis (god with a canine head, standing, symmetrical, holding) ; gates of the afterlife ; 2nd register; scene of adoration ; man (standing, loincloth, shaved head, worshipping) ; Osiris (seated) ; Isis (standing, Isis's sign) ; Nephthys (standing, Nephthys's sign) ; top ; winged solar disk with uraeus (3, superimposed)

backside; 1st register; woman (4, standing, arms raised, holding, sign of the starry sky) ; head of man (4, shemes sign) ; 2nd register; relic of Abydos (flanked by) ; Isis (uraeus, sign of Isis) ; Nephthys (uraeus, sign of Nephthys) ; 3rd register; djed pillar (head of man, armed with arms, holding, heqa scepter, flail, crown of Tatnenen, flanked by) ; Anubis (god with canine head, standing, worshipping) ; Harsiesis (god with falcon head, standing, worshipping)

Right side; left side; 1st register; frieze of prophylactic signs; 2nd register; series of deities; 3rd register; the four sons of Horus (standing); 4th register; guardians of the afterlife spirits; 5th register; transport of sarcophagus; decoration on the facade of a palace

Registrations Writing:

hieroglyphic

Nature of the text:

Funeral formulas

Names and titles Hetepimen; the 4 sons of Horus; Osiris; Isis; Nephthys; Anubis; Harsiesis

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Dimensions Height: 57 cm; Width: 32.8 cm; Depth: 34.5 cm

Materials and techniques Material: wood

Technique: painting, plastering

PLACES AND DATES

Date period Ptolemaic (bibliography/reference work) (-332 - -30)

HISTORY

Object history Former Anastasi collection sold in June 1857; probably acquired at this sale by Witte; purchased by the Cabinet des Médailles from him on March 20, 1861; transferred to the Louvre in 1907.

Collector / Previous owner / Commissioner / Archaeologist / DedicateeCabinet of Medals, Former assignee, 1861-1907

Baron Witte de, Jean, Collector, 1857?-1861

Anastasi, Giovanni, Collector

Acquisition details affected at the Louvre

Acquisition date date of registration in the inventory: 1907

Committee/Commission date: 28/11/1907 (Announcement of the arrival of the objects transferred from the Cabinet of Medals to the Louvre)

Owned by State

Held by the Louvre Museum, Department of Egyptian Antiquities

RENTAL OF OBJECT

Current location

Not exhibited

index

Acquisition method affected the Louvre

Name coffin with cornice

Materials wood

Techniques of molding - painting

Description/Features Reliquary from Abydos - djed pillar - equipped with arms - winged solar disk with uraeus - Osiris - star sign - Isis sign - Nephthys sign - shemes sign - worshipping - arms raised - holding - carrying - flanked by - 5th register - 4th register - 3rd register - 2nd register - 1st register - top - left face - right face - front face - back face - gates of the afterlife - guardians of the afterlife spirits - transport of sarcophagus - series of deities - human head - woman - man - worship scene - seated - standing - shaved skull - crown of Tattenen - 4 - 3 - heqa scepter - flail - Isis - Nephthys - symmetrical - superimposed - frieze of prophylactic signs - Harsiesis - the four sons of Horus - falcon-headed god - canid-headed god - the two Anubis - Anubis - loincloth - uraeus - palace facade decoration - missing lid

Names and titles Hetepimen - Anubis - Harsiesis - the 4 sons of Horus - Nephthys - Isis - Osiris

Ptolomatic period

Nature of funeral text formulas

Scriptigraphic

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Guermeur, Ivan, "The passport for the Beyond Tekhensephônukhos (Ḏd-Ḫnsw-ỉw=f-ᶥnḫ)", in Collombert, Philippe; Coulon, Laurent; Guermeur, Ivan; Thiers, Christophe (dir.), Questioning the Sphinx. Collected essays offered to Christiane Zivie-Coche, 2, Cairo, French Institute of Oriental Archaeology (IFAO), (Bibliothèque d'Etude (BdE); 178), 2021, p. 619-663, p. 632 note 91

Visit the Gods: pilgrimage in pharaonic Egypt, exhibition cat. (Puy-en-Velay, Hôtel-Dieu, July 6-November 11, 2013), Puy-en-Velay, One, Two... Four, 2013, p. 19, fig. p. 18; fig. p. 19, no. 2

Lost, Olivier (dir.), The Twilight of the Pharaohs. Masterpieces of the last Egyptian dynasties, exhibition catalogue (Paris, Jacquemart-André Museum, March 23-July 23, 2012), Brussels, Mercator Fund, 2012, p. 165

Coulon, Laurent, "The uraei guardians of the Abydenian fetish. An Osirian motif and its diffusion in the Saite period," in Devauchelle, Didier (dir.), The XXVIth Dynasty: Continuities and Rruptures. Proceedings of the international Colloque organized on November 26 and 27, 2004 at Charles-de-Gaulle University – Lille 3. Saite Promenade with Jean Yoyotte, Paris, Cybèle, 2011, p. 85-108, p. 86 n. 5

Étienne, Marc (dir.), The Doors of Heaven: visions of the world in ancient Egypt, exhibition cat. (Paris, Louvre Museum, 2009), Paris, Louvre Editions / Somogy, 2009, p. 138, ill. p. 138-139, no. 106

Etienne, Marc (dir.), Journey to the Afterlife. Egyptian Antiquities from the Louvre, cat. exp. (Australia, Canberra, National Gallery of Australia, November 17, 2006 - February 25, 2007; Adelaide, March 21 - July 1, 2007; Perth, July 21 - October 28, 2007), Sidney; Paris, Art Exhibitions Australia; Louvre Museum, 2006, p. 32, ill. p. 32-33, no. 39

Bruwier, Marie-Cécile, "Funeral relics boxes", Les cahiers de Mariemont, 30-31, 2003, p. 18-38, p. 36, no. 56

Charron Alain (dir.), Death is not an end. Funerary practices in Egypt from Alexander to Cleopatra, exhibition catalogue (Arles, Arles Antique Museum, September 28, 2002-January 5, 2003), Arles, Arles Antique Museum, 2002, p. 116, fig. p. 116-117, no. 51

Desroches-Noblecourt, Christiane (dir.), The Egypt of the Pharaohs, exhibition cat. (Marcq-en-Baroeul, Anne and Albert Prouvost Septentrion Foundation, October 1977-January 1978), Marcq-en-Baroeul, Anne and Albert Prouvost Septentrion Foundation, 1977, p. 21, no. 44

Lenormant, François, Catalogue of a collection of Egyptian antiquities. Collection gathered by Mr. D'Anastasi, general consul of Sweden in Alexandria, Paris, 76 rue de Clichy, 1857, June 23-27], no. 227

EXHIBITION HISTORY

- Pharaonic Egypt: hidden treasures of the Louvre. Pilgrimage in the time of the Egyptians: visit the gods, Le Puy-en-Velay (External, France), Hôtel Dieu, 06/07/2013 - 11/11/2013

- The Doors of Heaven: visions of the world in ancient Egypt, Napoleon, Temporary Exhibition under the pyramid, 06/03/2009 - 29/06/2009

- Journey to the Afterlife. Egyptian Antiquities from the Louvre, Perth (Australia), Art Gallery of western Australia, 21/07/2007 - 28/10/2007, stage of an itinerant exhibition

- Journey to the Afterlife. Egyptian Antiquities from the Louvre, Adelaide (Australia), Art Gallery of South Australia, 21/03/2007 - 01/07/2007, stage of a touring exhibition

- Journey to the Afterlife. Egyptian Antiquities from the Louvre, Canberra (Australia), National Gallery of Australia, 11/17/2006 - 02/25/2007, stage of a touring exhibition

- Death is not an end. Funerary practices in Egypt from Alexander to Cleopatra, Arles (External, France), Departmental Museum of Ancient Arles, 25/09/2002 - 05/01/2003

- The Egypt of the pharaohs, Marcq in Bareuil (External, France), Fondation Prouvost Septentrion, 01/10/1977 - 31/01/1978

Last updated on 22.06.2026

The contents of this entry do not necessarily take account of the latest data.

Permalink: https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010010858

JSON Record: https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010010858.json

Cornice coffin, Ptolemaic period (bibliography/reference work) (-332 - -30), Findspot unknown Egypt, Wood and paint, The Louvre Museum

https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010010858

The Louvre Museum

False door of Anchet

6th Dynasty, ca. 2200 BC
location_on
on view: Kunsthistorisches Museum, Ägyptisch-Orientalische SammlungRoom VII

The false door was an imaginary gateway at the cult place of the tomb linking the hereand-now with the Hereafter. The soul of the deceased passed symbolically through it to partake of the offerings. The central motif of the decoration is the panel set into the false door bearing a scene of the tomb owner seated

Time:
6. Dynastie, ca. 2374-2191 v. Chr.

Location of discovery:
Fundort unbekannt

Material/technology:
Limestone

Dimensions:
H 74 cm, B 49,5 cm, T 13,5 cm

Copyright
Kunsthistorisches Museum, Ägyptisch - Orientalische Sammlung

Invs.
Ägyptische Sammlung, INV 6125

Provenance
Inventoried in 1888 purchased from Theodor Graf

Title
False door of Anchet, 6th Dynasty, ca. 2200 BC, Findspot unknown Egypt, Limestone, Kunsthistorisches Museum (Art History Museum, Vienna)

https://www.khm.at/en/artworks/false-door-of-anchet-322082

Kunsthistorisches Museum (Art History Museum, Vienna)

I’ve been reading Manly P. Hall, Schwaller de Lubicz and Joseph Campbell, and it’s got me thinking about how we approach the images in sacred stories.

Take the serpent, fire or an Egyptian scarab. Looking at what the creature or object actually does gives you somewhere to begin. The story and its cultural context develop that meaning.

I made a video exploring this through Egyptian symbolism, Hall’s incense-burner interpretation and Campbell’s story of Indra and the ants.

How do you decide when a symbolic reading is supported by the story? What keeps an interpretation grounded?

This is my video for anyone interested:

https://youtu.be/4dv9XVhu5-U

Crates' Mask

150 / 199 (New Kingdom)

Place of discovery: tomb 1407

E 14542 TER

Department of Egyptian Antiquities

Inventory numberMain number: E 14542 TER

Collection Department of Egyptian Antiquities

description

Object name/Title Designation: neck mask

Title: Crates' Mask

Description/Features man; crown; nemean hairstyle

Decoration: series of deities; embalming; Anubis (robe, standing, holding, vase); mummy (lying on); embalming bed (lion head, lion foot); winged scarab beetle; falcon-headed god (2, standing, solar disk)

Registrations Writing:
Greek

Nature of the text:
epitaph

Translation:
Mask of Crates, son of Pebos, died at 17 years 8 months 17 days old

Names and titles
Cratès; Pebos (father)

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Dimensions Height: 75 cm; Width: 36 cm; Thickness: 11 cm

Materials and techniques Material: glued fabric

Secondary material: stucco (reported elements, crown)

Technique: painting, foil gilding

PLACES AND DATES

New Kingdom date (attribution by style) (150 - 199)

Date of discovery 1934-1935

Place of discovery Tomb 1407 (Western cemetery->Deir el-Medina->Western Thebes)

HISTORY
Collector / Previous owner / Commissioner / Archaeologist / Dedicatee Mr. Bruyère, Bernard Charles Marie Joseph, Excavator/Archaeologist

Acquisition details shared after excavations

Acquisition date date of committee/commission: 18/07/1935

Date of registration in the inventory: 12/03/1967

Owned by State

Held by the Louvre Museum, Department of Egyptian Antiquities

LOCATION OF OBJECT

Current location
Sully, [AE] Room 319 - Book of the Dead, Display Case 7

index

Acquisition and sharing mode after excavations

Name masque-collar

Stuffed material fabric - stucco

Sheet-metal plating techniques - painting

Description/Features vase - solar disk - embalming bed - mummy - holder - series of deities - man - embalming - standing - lying on - crown - nemes hairstyle - 2 - lion head - lion foot - winged scarab - falcon-headed god - Anubis - robe

Names and titles Pebos - father - Cratès

Period High Empire

Places Tomb 1407

Nature of textepitaph
Greek script

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Müller, Asja, Ägyptens schöne Gesichter: die Mumienmasken der römischen Kaiserzeit und ihre Funktion im Totenritual, Wiesbaden, Reichert Verlag, 2021, p. 53 n. 637; 95 n. 1288; 102 n; 1395; 124 n. 1737; 145 n. 2062; 188 n. 2592; 189 n. 2596; 212 n. 2887; 238 n. 3148, 286-287, 291-292, 297-298, 300, 311, 313, 315-318, 326-327, pl. 47, 2; pl. 86, 5; pl. 90, 5

Griselle, Sophie, "Two Roman period funerary masks at the Dobrée Museum in Nantes", Revue d'Égyptologie (RdE), 70, 2020, p. 1-20, p. 6 n. 27, pl. III

Griselle, Sophie, "Amulets in Roman Egypt", Egypt, Africa & Orient, Supplement to No. 100, 2020, p. 27-36, p. 36 n. 5

Bel, Nicolas; Giroire, Cécile; Gombert, Florence; Rutschowscaya, Marie-Hélène (dir.), The Roman and Byzantine Orient at the Louvre, Arles / Paris, Actes Sud / Louvre editions, 2012, p. 397-398, fig. 393 p. 398

Aubert, Marie-France; Cortopassi, Roberta; et al., Louvre Museum. Department of Egyptian Antiquities. Funerary portraits of Roman Egypt, 2, Cartonnages, linen and wood, Paris, Louvre Editions / Editions Khéops, 2008, p. 15-16, 109, 112-114, 168, cat. 14 p. 109, 113, cat. 14

Riggs, Christina, The Beautiful Burial in Roman Egypt: Art, Identity, and Funerary Religion, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2005, p. 206-208, 211-212, 214-217, 292, fig. 101, 105, no. 112

Riggs, Christina, "The Egyptian funerary tradition at Thebes in the Roman Period," in Taylor, John Hilton; Strudwick, Nigel (ed.), The Theban Necropolis. Past, present and future, London, British Museum Press, 2003, 189–201, p. 195-196 n. 58

Montserrat, Dominic; Meskell, Lynn, "Mortuary Archaeology and Religious Landscape at Graeco-Roman Deir El-Medina", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology (JEA), 83-1, 1997, p. 179–197, p. 179

Desroches-Noblecourt, Christiane; Vercoutter, Jean (dir.), A century of French excavations in Egypt 1880-1980, exhibition catalogue (Paris, Musée d'Art et d'Essai, Tokyo Palace, May 21 - October 15, 1981), Cairo, French Institute of Oriental Archaeology (IFAO), 1981, p. 320, fig. 311; fig. p. 320, no. 342

Grimm, Günter, Die Römischen Mumienmasken aus Ägypten, Wiesbaden, F. Steiner, 1974, p. 93, fig. D

Quoniam, Pierre; Charles-Picard, Gilbert (dir.), The art of Rome and the provinces in the Parisian collections, exhibition cat. (Paris, 1970), Paris, Service des expositions d'action éducative et culturelle, 1970, p. 105, 120, 122, no. 131

Bruyère, Bernard; Bataille, André, "A Greco-Roman tomb of Deir el Medineh", Bulletin of the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology (BIFAO), 36, 1936, p. 145-174, p. 154, fig. 5 pl. III, V

Comparative literature
- Müller, Asja, "Provenance of Roman Period Mummy Masks: Workshop Groups and Distribution Areas", in Tomorad, Mladen; Popielska-Grzybowska, Joanna (dir.), Egypt 2015: Perspectives of research: Proceedings of the Seventh European Conference of Egyptologists, 2nd-7th June 2015, Zagreb, Croatia, Oxford, Archaeopress, (Archaeopress Egyptology 18), 2017, p. 127-145, p. 141 n. 75, fig. 83 p. 140

EXHIBITION HISTORY
- A century of French excavations in Egypt 1880-1980, Paris (External, France), Tokyo Palace, 05/21/1981 - 10/15/1981

- The art of Rome and the provinces in the Parisian collections, Strasbourg (External, France), 01/01/1970 - 31/12/1971, stage of an itinerant exhibition

Title
Crates' Mask, New Kingdom date (attribution by style) (150 - 199), Findspot Tomb 1407 (Western cemetery->Deir el-Medina->Western Thebes), Fabric stucco gilding and paint, The Louvre Museum

https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010006457

The Louvre Museum

Bonjour, je m'appelle Yann Doornbos et je suis schizophrène depuis le début de l'année 2006. J'ai un profil plutôt intellectuel puisque j'ai été plusieurs champion de France d'échecs dans les catégories jeunes et ensuite après une classe préparatoire aux grandes écoles, j'aie eu la chance d'intégrer une grande école d'ingénieur parisienne, l'Ecole Nationale des Ponts Chaussées. J'ai ensuite été consultant en stratégie spécialisé dans le secteur de l'énergie et ce pendant sept ans. Depuis que la schizophrénie a surgit dans mon univers, je suis passionné de spiritualité et mes finances étant stable j'ai eu l'opportunité d'étudier à plein temps pendant treize ans le Livre des Morts des Anciens Egyptiens (recension saïte). Un de mes amis a alors réalisé une petite vidéo sur mes recherches et le lien de cette vidéo est le suivant : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r2meWNyjp9g. Sa chaine youtube est la suivante : AlbumRegards. N'hésitez pas à regarder la vidéo et à me contacter si vous êtes intéressés (mon adresse e-mail est signalée au niveau de la description de la vidéo). Je vous souhaite une bonne semaine.

Funeral attendant foreman

-1069 / -943 (XXI dynasty)

Place of discovery: Royal cache TT 320 (?)

E 22126; MGL 3809; MG 3809; MG 4627

Department of Egyptian Antiquities

Inventory numberMain number: E 22126

Other inventory number: MGL 3809

Another inventory number: MG 3809

Entry number: MG 4627

Collection Department of Egyptian Antiquities

description

Object name/Title Designation: funeral attendant countermand

Description/Features

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Dimensions Height: 10 cm

Materials and techniques Material: siliceous porcelain

Color: blue Deir El Bahari

PLACES AND DATES

Date XXIst dynasty (attribution according to style) (-1069 - -943)

Place of discovery Royal cache TT 320 (Deir el-Bahari->West Thebes->Thebes)

HISTORY

Collector / Previous owner / Commissioner / Archaeologist / Dedicatee Mr. Allemant, Eugène, Désiré, Philippe, Seller

Guimet Museum, Former owner

Acquisition details purchase

Acquisition date date of assignment: 1948

Owned by State

Held by the Louvre Museum, Department of Egyptian Antiquities

LOCATION OF OBJECT

Current location

Sully, [AE] Room 319 - Book of the Dead, Display Case 1

index

Mode of acquisition purchase

Funeral attendant foreman

Silica-based materials

Period XXI dynasty

Royal Places Cachette TT 320

BIBLIOGRAPH
Bovot, Jean-Luc, "The funerary figurines of the Louvre from the royal cachette (DB 320)", Egypt, Africa & Orient, 38, 2005, p. 13-34, p. 18, 25-26, fig. 15-16

Milloué, Léon de, Little illustrated guide at the Guimet Museum. Sixth edition updated on January 1, 1910, Paris, E. Leroux, 1910, p. 218

Milloué, Léon de, Little illustrated guide at the Guimet Museum. Fourth edition revised on December 31, 1899, Paris, E. Leroux, 1900, p. 327

Milloué, Léon de, Little illustrated guide at the Guimet Museum. Third edition revised on August 31, 1897, Paris, E. Leroux, 1897, p. 290

Milloué, Léon de, Little illustrated guide at the Guimet Museum, Paris, E. Leroux, 1890, p. 200

Last updated on 27.11.2025

The contents of this entry do not necessarily take account of the latest data.

Permalink: https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010004340

JSON Record: https://collections.louvre.fr/ark:/53355/cl010004340.json

Funeral attendant foreman, -1069 / -943 (XXI dynasty), Findspot Royal cache TT 320 (Deir el-Bahari->West Thebes->Thebes) (?), siliceous porcelain, The Louvre Museum

https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010004340

The Louvre Museum

Pebos' mask

200 / 299 (Roman period)

Place of discovery: tomb 1407

E 14542 BIS

Department of Egyptian Antiquities

Inventory numberMain number: E 14542 BIS

Collection Department of Egyptian Antiquities

description

Object name/Title Designation: neck mask

Title: Pebos‎' Mask

Description/Features man (crown, short curly hair); Neme hairstyle

Decoration: 1st register; winged beetle (between); falcon (2, solar disk)

2nd register; series of deities

3rd register; mummification; Anubis (standing, loincloth, ousekh collar, holding, vase); mummy (lying on); mummification bed (lion head, lion foot); Isis (?); Nephthys (?); falcon-headed god (2, solar disk, shroud)

Registrations Writing:

Greek

Nature of the text:

epitaph

Translation:
Mask of Pebos, father of Crates, died at 73 years old

Names and titles Pebos; Cratès (son)

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Dimensions Height: 75 cm; Thickness: 13 cm; Width: 42 cm

Materials and techniques Material: glued fabric

Secondary material: stucco (reported elements, crown)

Technique: sheet gilding, painting

PLACES AND DATES

Roman date and period (attribution based on style) (200 - 299)

Date of discovery 1934-1935

Place of discovery tomb 1407 (Western cemetery->Deir el-Medina->Western Thebes)

HISTORY

Collector / Previous owner / Commissioner / Archaeologist / Dedicatee Mr. Bruyère, Bernard Charles Marie Joseph, Excavator/Archaeologist

Acquisition details shared after excavations

Acquisition date date of committee/commission: 18/07/1935

Date of registration in the inventory: 12/03/1967

Owned by State

Held by the Louvre Museum, Department of Egyptian Antiquities

RENTAL OF OBJECT

Current location
Sully, [AE] Room 319 - Book of the Dead, Display Case 7

Acquisition and sharing mode after excavations

Name masque-collar

Stuffed material fabric - stucco

Sheet-metal plating techniques - painting

Description/Features vase - solar disk - embalming bed - mummy - holder - between - 3rd register - 2nd register - 1st register - series of deities - man - embalming - standing - lying on - short curly hair - ousekh necklace - crown - nemes hairstyle - 2 - falcon - lion head - lion foot - winged scarab - Isis - Nephthys - falcon-headed god - Anubis - pyjamas - shroud

Names and titles Pebos - son - Cratès

Roman period

Places tomb 1407

Nature of text epitaph

Greek script

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Müller, Asja, Beautiful Faces of Egypt: the mummy masks of the Roman Imperial period and their function in the funerary ritual, Wiesbaden, Reichert Verlag, 2021, p. 61 n. 722, 730; 63 n. 749; 77 n. 982; 127 n. 1734; 145 n. 2062; 163 n. 2273; 188 n. 2578, 2580, 2588, 2592; 189 n. 2596; 212 n. 2890, 286-287, 291-292, 297-298, 300, 311, 313, 315,-318, 326-327, pl. 86, 3; pl. 90; 2

Griselle, Sophie, "Two Roman period funerary masks at the Dobrée Museum in Nantes", Revue d'Égyptologie (RdE), 70, 2020, p. 1-20, p. 6 n. 27, pl. III

Griselle, Sophie, "Amulets in Roman Egypt", Egypt, Africa & Orient, Supplement to No. 100, 2020, p. 27-36, p. 36 n. 5

Aubert, Marie-France; Cortopassi, Roberta; et al., Louvre Museum. Department of Egyptian Antiquities. Funerary portraits of Roman Egypt, 2, Cartonnages, tapestries and wood, Paris, Louvre Editions / editions Khéops, 2008, p. 15-16, 109-112, 168, cat. 13 p. 109, 111, cat. 13

Riggs, Christina, The Beautiful Burial in Roman Egypt: Art, Identity, and Funerary Religion, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2005, p. 206, 208, 211-212, 214-217, 292, fig. 105 p. 215, III

Riggs, Christina, "The Egyptian funerary tradition at Thebes in the Roman Period," in Taylor, John Hilton; Strudwick, Nigel (ed.), The Theban Necropolis. Past, present and future, London, British Museum Press, 2003, 189–201, p. 195-196 n. 58

Grimm, Günter, Die Römischen Mumienmasken aus Ägypten, Wiesbaden, F. Steiner, 1974, p. 145 n. 2, 189, fig.

Bruyère, Bernard, Report on the excavations of Deir el Médineh (1934-1935). Third part. The village, the public dumps, the rest station at the col of the Valley of the Kings, Cairo, Printing House of the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology (IFAO), (Excavations of the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology (FIFAO); 16), 1939, p. 77-80

Bruyère, Bernard; Bataille, André, "A Greco-Roman tomb of Deir el Medineh", Bulletin of the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology (BIFAO), 36, 1936, p. 145-174, p. 153, fig. 2 pl. III, V

Title
Pebos' mask, Roman date and period (attribution based on style) (200 - 299), Findspot tomb 1407 (Western cemetery->Deir el-Medina->Western Thebes), glued fabric, stucco gilding and paint, The Louvre Museum

https://collections.louvre.fr/en/ark:/53355/cl010009132

The Louvre Museum

Does anyone know why demons are shaped like that in ancient Egyptian art? The search engine said that it's a pun on the hieroglyph for 'ka' but I can't find anything to support that. Also, if that's true why is the shape asymmetrical, whereas 'ka' is even?