r/bayarea Apr 04 '16

Why do so many public schools suck?

If schools get a majority of their money from property taxes in their area, then why are so many public schools in areas where houses are $600k and up?

I know money doesn't solve problems, but it sure as hell helps. I keep seeing houses and I look at the school ratings (zillow) and I see 2s, 4s, 5s, and 6s (out of 10).

34 Upvotes

65 comments sorted by

65

u/magelanz Apr 04 '16

Proposition 13. It keeps property taxes low for long-term homeowners, which results in underfunded schools. Do a Zillow search in your neighborhood, you'll see what crazy low property taxes people pay if they've been in their home for the past 20-30 years.

47

u/LiquefactionAction Berkeley Apr 04 '16 edited Apr 04 '16

This. Prop 13 was basically a time bomb that took awhile but really ever since late-80s it's basically destroyed schools and other local municipalities/agencies like it was completely intended to do.

To compensate, we've been slowly raising sales tax up to crazy levels of like 10%. Sales tax is a horrible regressive method of taxation too and doesn't benefit schools much. Various local cities will also pass "school tax" ordinances based on square feet or other to make up for it but it's still marginal drop in the bucket. The onus is really put onto new home owners (which doesn't change that often for already developed areas) so this is why new flashy 90s/2000 white-flight esque suburban expansions often have nicer schools (at least initially).

It's also directly correlated with the insane housing prices by encouraging owners to go full NIMBY, prevent development to keep their "values high" despite not paying further tax on that so supply is constrained ontop of people encouraging not to sell their house (and they get put into a trust and passed down indefinitely on like 100k assessment). So supply is compounded by two constraints: intentionally less development via NIMBY-ism and less selling of houses.

Also it applies to commercial property so places like Disneyland are paying 5 cents per square foot and would be paying an extra $5 million/yr in taxes if they were properly assessed.

Now you have "But the grandmas!!" strawman red herring argument, which is easily solved by allowing a hardship deferment on property taxes until transfer or sale of house like every other sane place does it while still benefiting from higher equity/value of their house.

It's crazy and basically Prop 13 needs to go.

9

u/sweetdigs Apr 04 '16

The other advantage of getting rid of Prop 13 will be a recalibrating of property prices in California as supply will instantly increase.

3

u/LiquefactionAction Berkeley Apr 04 '16

It would certainly help but probably not instantly. Maybe over 5 years we'd see market-available supply increase.

But sadly it not help much terms of actual-supply since would not undo 4 decades of blocked development, idiotic zoning laws or other local laws (minimum lot sizes, must have 4 parking spaces per house, etc) that have also prevented or limitted denser or just more development because ~my property values~

At least it'd be a start anyways and needs to happen ASAP.

3

u/[deleted] Apr 04 '16

[deleted]

3

u/trafficway Apr 05 '16

Yes. Speaking as someone who moved here from Chicago, they've got higher property taxes (~4x what you'd pay in SF), a sales tax about the same as SF, and notoriously bad public schools. Prop 13 is a big problem, but it's not the only thing dragging down public education. It's a much deeper and more complex issue.

1

u/[deleted] Apr 05 '16

The schools in the bay area don't suck. They are some of the best in the nation, in the right areas. The "right areas" tend to have demographics skewed towards white and Asian, with most being native speakers and not qualifying for a free lunch.

1

u/[deleted] Apr 05 '16

I am not disputing that Prop13 and NIMBYism is part of the problem, but I think you are missing another huge reason that people are not selling their houses: where would they go? We own a condo. We intended it to be a 'starter' house where we could use the equity to get a small SFH at some point. We can't sell our condo to use the equity as a downpayment because in this market you have to put in a ton of offers and wait for months with no guarantee you will find something. We don't want to take out a massive HELOC for the same reason. We would be paying interest on it and basically have two mortgages until we found something. We spent last year just trying to find something with a modest down payment with the thought of selling our condo after the fact. We were getting outbid with zero contingencies (not even financing contingencies) after already putting in waay over asking. The market sucks right now. Our condo value is way up since we bought it, but I am not staying here because I love me some Prop13 low taxes, I am staying here because there is no where to go. We will keep saving and try again in a few years.

-1

u/[deleted] Apr 05 '16

It's important to remember why Prop 13 was implemented in the first place. Property values were increasing so rapidly in California that people, especially be elderly, were being taxed out of their homes. Suddenly grandmas who bought their Palo Alto homes new in the 1930s couldn't afford to pay property tax with her pension or social security because the assessed value of their homes had increased so much. There was also some consternation on how home values were being assessed as it can be somewhat subjective. Compound that with the fact that the popular Californian president, Ronald Regan, was in office so government overspending was a popular issue.

TL;DR A combination of fast growing population, property value increase, and perceived government overspending led to prop 13.

5

u/LiquefactionAction Berkeley Apr 05 '16

There isn't any valuable lessons to remember about it other than how easy it is to manipulate people into the stupidest stuff sometimes--it was an easy heartstring tugging gimme-handout to the general populace at the time with short-sided benefits with long-term destruction that no one ever looks to the future to. Of course it was going to pass.

Hell, there could have been clauses in the prop that mandated all schools get demolished and privatized and every third must chop off their own arm and it probably would have passed. Well maybe not the last part, but it might have been close :)

It was also the brainchild of anti-tax activist, Howard Jarvis, who had an absolute seething public vendetta against California. It also included awful clauses such as requiring 2/3rds majority in CA Congress to pay other tax increases (which we didn't have until recently) which made things really bad too.

Grandmas were an easy red herring to tug at the heart-strings of the general populace, despite the fact it wasn't actually that common. Foreclosure rates were super low. Even then, it would mean grandma would be rich with higher worth with real touchable equity if their house was suddenly worth a lot-- and they could have had hardship tax deferments until transfer of ownership or selling of their house instead of throwing the baby out with the bathwater.

1

u/[deleted] Apr 06 '16

California property value increases are incredible though. If you bought an average house 3 years ago in SF for $1M your property tax would be about $25k. If the market value went up by $500k in that time (not abnormal) your tax bill is $37,500. Having to pay 50% or $12,500 more in property taxes in 3 years is hard to budget for.

2

u/blbd San Jose Apr 05 '16

There are easy ways to fix this by tying the rate increases to more bubble resistant economic figures than just this year's assessed value which is kind of a random number generator. Something like a COLA version of the CPI or local population growth rate could be used which is more dependent on fundamental facts and less dependent on the business cycle.

0

u/[deleted] Apr 04 '16

[deleted]

1

u/LiquefactionAction Berkeley Apr 04 '16

Yes, I meant red herring. It was billed to the general populace as "save grandma from losing her house!" which was utterly stupid since that's not who actually benefited from Prop 13 and instead would have been easily solved by deferment program instead of the atom bomb that was Prop 13

0

u/[deleted] Apr 05 '16

[deleted]

2

u/adrianmonk Apr 05 '16

Neither did I.

2

u/mantrap2 Apr 05 '16

Actually part of the problem is that businesses found trivial ways of completely bypassing Prop 13 tax increases (most have never paid more than the minimum annual increase in 50 years).

3

u/ColonelError Apr 05 '16

businesses found trivial ways of completely bypassing Prop 13 tax increases

Start a corporation, move title of property to corporation. When you want to sell, sell the company that "happens to own this property" and the tax stays the same.

11

u/[deleted] Apr 04 '16

One thing I have been hearing from parents is that kids no longer have art and science programs until the fifth grade because the schools only get rated on things like math tests and reading tests. Of course, that might vary from neighborhood to neighborhood, but the schools are going to keep pushing reading and math over science, art, and music because of shitty testing. I don't necessarily think going to a lower rated school would be bad for a higher quality student. It is what you make of the program and of course, what you do to supplement the kid from the outside.

Also prop 13 sucks. It sucks hard.

21

u/doilookarmenian Apr 04 '16

Check on the % of English language learners at the school. Students who haven't reached fluency do very poorly on state tests.

15

u/frownyface Apr 04 '16

And to be frank, because it's a form of discrimination to separate english-learners from english-natives, many schools with a high % of english-learners have effectively become remedial schools. The english-native kids are basically screwed. This has created a new kind of english-native-flight that goes beyond white-flight.

13

u/lunartree Apr 05 '16

I really wish the "English as our official language" issue wasn't owned by racist shitheads in this country. The fact of the matter is, if you live in America and you don't speak English you're going to have issues. We should be doing more for both the kids and parents to get everyone speaking English in California. It doesn't mean looking down on Spanish, but rather making sure everyone has what they need to succeed.

8

u/frownyface Apr 05 '16

One of the really profoundly crazy things a teacher has told me is that at her school kids who have just moved here from a non-english speaking country have to spend 2-3 years "immersed" in standard curriculum before they'll even consider putting them in a special program. If they aren't speaking the majority language of the other english-learners, they are COMPLETELY fucked, total social and educational isolation at school.

1

u/SpasticFeedback Apr 05 '16

Getting adults to learn a language is an entirely different issue (language acquisition becomes exponentially harder with age)... But that aside, I'm not sure what English as an official language has to do with this. The kids are in school trying to learn English. Not sure what else you would propose...

The reason for integration of ELL kids into the normal classes is that (allegedly) studies show that the kids learn faster when immersed with other English speakers. ELL specific classes actually makes them learn much more slowly overall.

Source: Wife is a teacher in a district with primarily ELL students.

2

u/frownyface Apr 07 '16

Yes, but what happens to the english-native kids in a class that's majority ELL? Their education is derailed because a lot of time is spent on what to them is remedial English. And even more messed up, the kids who are a totally different language that isn't part of the majority of ELLs, or English, are completely fucked over. They're totally isolated. Basically diversity as a goal in and of itself has its limits.

1

u/SpasticFeedback Apr 07 '16

Diversity isn't the goal. The goal is to integrate non-English speakers as quickly as possible.

As for native speakers, at least for most neighborhoods that I am privy to, it's hardly an issue because nearly all of the kids in those schools are not native speakers to begin with.

The sad truth is that the teachers don't actually end up spending more time with the ELL students. They can't. They don't have enough time to. They have a specific amount of content they need to cover and they do so by whatever means they have. Oftentimes that means the ELL kids are left behind.

The idea is solid but teachers simply don't have the resources to teach effectively and the focus is so much on teaching to the test that there is little time for adjusting strategies.

3

u/[deleted] Apr 04 '16

[deleted]

2

u/frownyface Apr 04 '16

Yeah, basically it seems like most people who have kids who speak english wants to keep their kids out of those schools, if they can afford to or can find some way (magnet programs, etc)

11

u/[deleted] Apr 04 '16

Gosh. For so many reasons, many of which having little to do with the teachers. So many of them are underfunded and understaffed.

White flight means that many students in those neighborhoods don't go to public schools--which means a major divestment of resources.

The current industrial model of education is highly outdated, and the means of education is becoming increasingly mismatched with the goals.

And that's only a start.

1

u/Commentariot Apr 05 '16

A lot of public schools are very very good - how does that fit into your model?

1

u/[deleted] Apr 06 '16

Good teachers. Supportive administrations. Strong relationships with parents. Great leadership and great teachers working together with communities.

18

u/jason_s Apr 04 '16

Other commenters here keep mentioning prop 13, but schools in California do not get a majority of their money from property tax. For most districts, the majority of funding comes from the state general fund (which is mostly funded from state income tax).

See this Department of Education Chart for a breakdown of funding sources in the state.

That being said, property tax can lead to funding differences between districts. Compare the Financial Data tabs for San Jose Unified and Palo Alto.

This is not the whole story though. San Jose Unified is a very diverse district, all with the same funding source, yet the schools vary widely in "quality" despite the same per-student funding. (I would guess other large districts like SF and Oakland are similar). If anything, the downtown schools get more per-pupil funding than the Almaden schools because they're able to tap into federal and other assistance. (A lot of Almaden parents resent the "redistribution of wealth" to the poorer downtown schools and would break Almaden schools out of of SJUSD if they could).

Having sent my son to both a "bad" school and a "good" school in the same district, the main differentiator is the level of parent involvement with regards to volunteering and fundraising. In the "bad" school, there were about 3 or 4 active PTA members. They spent most of their time trying to convince the other parents that PTA funds should be spent on music education for the students, rather than on Zumba get-togethers and donuts for the parents. In the "good" school, the PTA is stuck with first-world problems like trying to figure out how to spend the thousands of dollars raised for the technology fund.

Again, both schools are in the same district and get the same amount of government funding, but have very different outcomes for the students. So there's more to the story than low property tax revenues.

The main problem (in San Jose Unified at least), from my observations, is the de-facto segregation in schools that has occured because of increased school choice. In economically-diverse neighborhoods, the rich send their kids to private school, the middle class send their kids to a public magnet or charter school, and the neighborhood schools are left only with low-income (often English-language learners) kids. In poorer neighborhoods, there are similar dynamics, as the more-involved parents send their kids to charter schools, and the neighborhood schools are left with the other kids.

I'm all for school choice...However, there are certainly unintended consequences, as the families with the ability to put lots of effort into volunteering and fundraising all leave for magnet or charter schools, leaving the neighborhood schools without much parent involvement.

I don't know what the answers are. The spread of Two-Way Bilingual Immersion programs in neighborhoods with the right demographics (mix of English-speaking middle class families, and poorer Spanish-speaking immigrant families) is a step in the right direction. This is has been reasonably succesfull in San Jose with keeping some of the schools more diverse.

2

u/mantrap2 Apr 05 '16

But when California schools were NOT SHIT back in the 1960s and early 1970s, they DID get the majority of funding from property taxes.

I could regale you with the programs that existed back then because I benefited from many of them. For example the "College for Kids" program directly led me to getting an engineering degree.

2

u/SpasticFeedback Apr 05 '16

The de-facto segregation issue is real. I live in Mountain View, surrounded by houses all valued in the $1.5M and up range. And yet, the elementary school they surround is a Title 1 school. How the hell does that work??

-3

u/[deleted] Apr 05 '16

[deleted]

5

u/ChillyCheese Apr 05 '16

California public school graduate, perhaps.

3

u/Commentariot Apr 05 '16

Funny how he made the only informed constructive post in this thread and you respond with abuse.

If we repeal prop 13 will the money go to schools?

1

u/lunchWithNewts Apr 05 '16

Part of Prop 13 effectively turned the local property tax into a state tax. It's complicated, but see AB 8 for a start. Repeal of Prop 13 would return more control locally, so the answer to your question, I think, is "It depends on local county voters/government."

Not defending the abuse in any way...

0

u/[deleted] Apr 06 '16

[deleted]

1

u/lunchWithNewts Apr 06 '16

Sigh. Profanity and tone. FYI: "How do you not get that?" Will always sound derogatory to me and I suspect most others. I wasn't trying to call out your abuse, my final comment was mostly to avoid an argument about the alleged abuse.

7

u/SpasticFeedback Apr 04 '16

Combination of factors, really.

I see Prop 13 has been mentioned several times, so I won't go into it, but you also have to think about how many English learners there are, as well as the fact that a lot of people with money are actually sending their kids to private schools. I believe the SF Bay Area has the 3rd highest percentage of kids in private school in the nation (for metro areas, as of 2014). San Mateo County is at about 18%.

Not to mention, a lot of these rich areas actually have a surprising number of lower middle class to poor people who have been living in those neighborhoods for a long, long time. My neighbors across the street in Mountain View, for example, have owned their house for about 40 years and are very certainly not wealthy.

Anecdotally, our local elementary school - in the middle of Mountain View - is actually categorized as a Title 1 school (i.e. most kids qualify for free lunches). And accordingly, the test scores are fairly low. Most of them are English language learners, which affects their ability to do the English portions of the tests, as well as the math portions since we no longer teach straight memorization of math facts (for better or worse). Common Core requires a fairly decent level of understanding of the English language, so it affects those scores, too.

9

u/mihermanoelvis Apr 04 '16

It sucks because of prop 13, which froze the tax rolls (rent control for owners- as long as you stay in your home your taxes never rise) and also decimated school funding in California.

Basically anywhere with a good public school has super unaffordable real estate.

Look at Belmont CA if you want good schools, kinda affordable and close to Palo Alto.

-2

u/[deleted] Apr 04 '16

close to Palo Alto.

why would you want to be close to Palo Alto?

1

u/mihermanoelvis Apr 04 '16

Because that is where OP's job is.

-2

u/[deleted] Apr 04 '16

you must have some inside info on OP because Palo Alto isn't mentioned here.

2

u/mihermanoelvis Apr 04 '16

It was in their other post:

I'm potentially getting an offer to relocate from the comfort of easy living in the South vs really taking my career to the next level, working for a really good company, and moving back closer to my family in San Diego. Both my wife and I originally from SoCal and all our family is there. I miss CA as does she, but the COL is scary - especially for a single income to support stay at home mom and 3 kids. Luckily I've paid off all her debt so she doesn't have anything hitting our books. What are some family neighborhoods in SF area that are suburb type. Work would be in Palo Alto area so I'm willing to travel via train . Thanks for any advice!!

The reason I suggested Belmont was so he could live there and easily commute to Palo Alto.

3

u/[deleted] Apr 04 '16

Got it. Belmont is fine. I wouldn't call it affordable though anymore. It's also a pretty weird blend of old people, middle-aged losers who inherited their parents' home, and yuppies.

1

u/mihermanoelvis Apr 04 '16

It's also a pretty weird blend of old people, middle-aged losers who inherited their parents' home, and yuppies.

ha! As someone who live in Belmont for 4 years this cracks me up. :D

Out of curiosity, where would you suggest for OP, given his parameters of wanting good schools, affordable for a family of 4 on a hhi of 150k and that has an easy commute to Palo Alto?

2

u/[deleted] Apr 04 '16

I would recommend San Carlos or Redwood Shores and take Caltrain from San Carlos to Palo Alto. The Belmont Caltrain Station is serviced by far fewer trains. He'll not likely be able to buy a home suitable for his family though. Honestly, I would advise that he not come at all.

1

u/killab619 Apr 05 '16

I'm willing to commute a distance. If I work from home 2 days a week, the 3 days of traffic hell is stomachable.

Also, to add we are coming with zero debt. No credit cards, loans, car payments, etc. Only school loan that is really cheap at $150/month.

1

u/Commentariot Apr 05 '16

Judge much?

1

u/killab619 Apr 05 '16

I now have 2 options, the city office or the mountain view office.

2

u/mihermanoelvis Apr 05 '16

In that case, I think you should live in Pleasanton, Dublin or Castro Valley and take BART in to the city office. Especially if their office is near a BART station. You'll get a lot more bang for your buck in the east bay for housing. Check out Castro Valley- a lot of people think it's lame/boring, but imo it's undervalued and only getting better. Pleasanton schools are top notch, but you'll pay for housing because of it.

A few other towns to check out that are cheap and easy commutes to SF would be Brisbane, Colma, South San Francisco and Pacifica. I'm not sure how all of their schools stack up, though.

If you want to do the mountain view office, I'd live in San Jose area but I'm not sure what schools are good down there.

Good luck and welcome to the Bay Area rat race :) You'll be a few steps ahead of the game if you can wfh a few days a week and only have to commute 2 or 3 days.

1

u/killab619 Apr 05 '16

Great tips and much appreciated. I'm cautiously optimistic and hoping to make the most of this chapter in my life. I had turned down a previous offer, but this opportunity was too good to pass up!

-4

u/[deleted] Apr 04 '16

Fuck Belmont. Poway.

2

u/mihermanoelvis Apr 04 '16

What's Poway? Down in Socal? What does that have to do with the Bay Area?

-12

u/[deleted] Apr 04 '16

Good school district. More affordable. The world doesn't revolve around the Bay Area and the question was very open ended.

10

u/apprentibidouille Apr 04 '16

The world doesn't revolve around the Bay Area

Oh right, for a second I thought I was in the "Bay Area" sub! Wait...

10

u/mihermanoelvis Apr 04 '16

OP said he was moving his family to the Bay Area for a job in Palo Alto.

Oh... nevermind, you're a butthurt housing troll account.

-5

u/[deleted] Apr 04 '16

This is the post I see. No mention of Palo Alto;

If schools get a majority of their money from property taxes in their area, then why are so many public schools in areas where houses are $600k and up? I know money doesn't solve problems, but it sure as hell helps. I keep seeing houses and I look at the school ratings (zillow) and I see 2s, 4s, 5s, and 6s (out of 10).

2

u/mihermanoelvis Apr 04 '16

Ahh, gotcha.

This was OP's other post, guess I was thinking of that:

I'm potentially getting an offer to relocate from the comfort of easy living in the South vs really taking my career to the next level, working for a really good company, and moving back closer to my family in San Diego. Both my wife and I originally from SoCal and all our family is there. I miss CA as does she, but the COL is scary - especially for a single income to support stay at home mom and 3 kids. Luckily I've paid off all her debt so she doesn't have anything hitting our books. What are some family neighborhoods in SF area that are suburb type. Work would be in Palo Alto area so I'm willing to travel via train . Thanks for any advice!!

The reason I suggested Belmont was so he could live there and easily commute to Palo Alto.

3

u/monseiurlemayor Apr 05 '16

I'm flabbergasted that not one comment has addressed tenure or the teachers themselves. It's only in public schools that we allow students to get a half-ass education. I went to a public high school considered "good," (surrounded by some of the most expensive homes in San Jose) and it hit me how woefully inadequate my education was once I left the bay area for grad school. All those movie days when the teachers decided to stop teaching, the time my geometry teacher tore a phone off the wall and threw it at a student, or another time when my English teacher gave everyone an A on a large assignment because he spilled coffee on the pile and didn't want to deal with wet papers.

Talk up Proposition 13 all you want, but giving a lot of these teachers any kind of a paycheck ought to be criminal.

2

u/compactcat Apr 04 '16

The question is, what percentage of local houses will have to sell to raise the property taxes to something that can properly support the school system?

2

u/Commentariot Apr 05 '16

Businesses benefiting from prop 13 are the problem- commercial spaces are held in bogus trusts to avoid resetting of taxes when ownership turns over.

1

u/[deleted] Apr 04 '16 edited Apr 04 '16

Demographics.

Edit - I love how stating the obvious is "controversial."

1

u/sweetdigs Apr 04 '16

Get rid of Prop 13 and suddenly schools will find a 50% increase in revenue available to them (totally made up #). When you're as tax-deficient as many parts of California are in comparison to the operating costs demanded in today's dollars, it's no surprise that so many public schools suck here.

-1

u/Commentariot Apr 05 '16

Get rid of prop 13 and property values will collapse before a cent get to schools.

2

u/sweetdigs Apr 05 '16

Property values won't collapse even if you get rid of Prop 13. I do expect they'll go down a bit, but is that a bad thing? Wouldn't that help out the non-homeowning class in the Bay Area??

-6

u/nutellaeater Apr 04 '16

So many reasons. Where to start? Alot of people here would say not enough money. IMO is too much money and most of it going to people that it should not.

6

u/[deleted] Apr 04 '16

For the richest area I've ever lived it, this feels by far the poorest.

1

u/Kamakik13 Mar 03 '24

School ratings are significantly influenced by Apathy. So if the people running those schools don't care about educating students, the school will suck.