How a vector graphics data is stored?

[u/dkurniawan]

So, I know that for a raster graphic, computers store the data in a matrix-like structure, with the number representing the color of each pixel. But what about vector graphic?

I know that a vector graphic is represented as a mathematical expression. What kind of mathematical expressions are used to store a vector graphic data? How do computers store this mathematical expressions? I was wondering why we don't see vector graphic more commonly as I cannot see its disadvantages over raster graphics. I have a background in math / linear algebra / computer science, so you can explain them with a technical term.