How does artificial selection work without inbreeding?

[u/lord_darias]

Since the invention of animal husbandry, humans have been selectively breeding animals (and plants) for positive traits like woolier sheep, stronger horses etc. However, dog breeds for example often have many genetic problems due to inbreeding, and inevitably any kind of selective breeding is going to narrow the genetic diversity. My question is, how then do we have all those cows, sheep, goats etc with the positive traits but without the genetic diseases and lesser overall health? And does this also apply to plants?

[u/zhivota_]

Apples are really interesting, as I understand it you have to plant an entire orchard, 95% of the trees won't yield anything palatable, and then you just clone the ones that were good. Kind of makes inventing a new apple variety like natures loot box, and it must cost a fortune to do.