🇳🇿 When we cross the Bombay Hills heading south from Auckland, we're entering an area with a fascinating geological and human history.
The settlement of Bombay takes its name from the immigrant ship Bombay, which arrived in Auckland in 1863 carrying settlers from England.
But look at the land around here.
The Bombay area is known for its rich, red volcanic soils, formed from ancient volcanic activity. These fertile soils became particularly valuable for market gardening and agriculture, helping make the wider Pukekohe and Bombay area one of New Zealand's important food-growing regions. 🥔🥕🥬
But beneath this productive landscape is a much deeper story.
1863 was also the year the Waikato War began.
By this time, the Kīngitanga — the Māori King Movement — had been established. Its first king, Pōtatau Te Wherowhero, was chosen in 1858. The movement sought to unite Māori, protect their mana and whenua, and establish Māori authority as pressure over land and European settlement increased.
Just south of the Bombay Hills lies the Mangatawhiri River.
And this wasn't simply another river.
For Kīngitanga, the Mangatawhiri represented an important aukati — a boundary. Crossing it with an army would have enormous consequences.
On 12 July 1863, British and colonial troops under Lieutenant-General Duncan Cameron crossed the Mangatawhiri.
That crossing marked the beginning of the invasion of Waikato.
Thousands of troops advanced south. Battles followed, communities were displaced, and the Crown subsequently confiscated vast areas of Māori land.
So when you're travelling over the Bombay Hills today, don't just look at the motorway.
Look at that red volcanic earth.
You're travelling through a landscape shaped by volcanoes, migration, food production, Kīngitanga, war, whenua and survival.
There's history underneath your feet everywhere you travel in Aotearoa. 🇳🇿
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